Materials Science-Poland最新文献

{"title":"Microstructural, antifungal and photocatalytic activity of NiO–ZnO nanocomposite","authors":"Yixuan Wang, G. Balakrishnan","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, NiO–ZnOnanocomposite (NC)was prepared through a facile, low-temperature,sol–gel route. Zinc acetate dihydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and citric acid were used in the synthesis of the material. Then, the sample was kept in the muffle furnace at a temperature of 600°C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–Visible spectroscopy, and photocatalytic and antifungal investigations were used to characterize the synthesized nanocrystallites. The XRD data showedthe polycrystalline hexagonal ZnO nanoparticles and cubic NiO crystallites. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of Zn-O and Ni-O bonds in the sample. The FESEM analysis showed the morphology of nanocrystallitescharacterized by their homogeneous shape and size. The absorbance curves from the UV–Visible spectroscopy investigation revealed the bandgap of 3.17 eV. The research findings demonstrate that the NiO–ZnO NC possesses the significant level of selected microbial pathogens. Industrial dyesmake water unhealthy for drinking. Among these dyes, methylene blue (MB) is toxic, carcinogenic, and non-biodegradable, and causes a severe threat to human health and environmental safety. Hence, it is necessary to develop efficient and environmentally friendly technology to remove MB from wastewater. The ZnO–NiO NC degraded the MB dye pollutant under visible irradiation (125 W), according to photocatalytic tests. After 120 min of exposure, the photocatalytic investigations demonstrated 75% degradation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of cracking risk of 80MnSi8-6 nanobainitic steel during hot forging in the range of lower temperature limits","authors":"Paulina Lisiecka-Graca, Łukasz Lisiecki, Krystian Zyguła, Marek Wojtaszek","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Nanobainitic steels exhibit an exceptional combination of high strength, good plasticity, impact toughness, and wear resistance. They are suitable for the production of large mass components through the open-die forging process. Subsequently, the forgings are air-cooled. An obstacle of this method is the extended time required for the large forgings to undergo a bainitic transformation, making the industrial implementation of this process economically unjustifiable. Nevertheless, nanobainitic steels also allow for the open-die forging of small batches of structural elements with high property requirements. A technological limitation lies in the necessity of performing a series of operations, leading to a prolonged processing time dependent on the shape of the product and the degree of deformation. Therefore, inter-operational reheating is often necessary, incurring costs and time consumption. This is particularly relevant to forgings with a mass ranging from a few to several dozen kilograms, which, due to their low thermal capacity, rapidly dissipate heat to the surroundings and tools. Designing an economical process with a limited number of reheating cycles requires advanced knowledge of material behavior under thermo-mechanical deformation parameters, including boundary conditions where a significant decrease in plasticity occurs and the risk of crack initiation. To obtain this information, a comprehensive analysis of the influence of thermo-mechanical parameters applied during the deformation of nanobainitic steel at relatively low temperatures on the flow characteristics and crack formation was conducted. To achieve this goal, the Digital Image Correlation method, the finite element method modeling considering damage criteria, and the macrostructural evaluation of deformed specimens were employed.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties and quantum mechanical simulations of natural rubber composites with cerium complexes under aging conditions","authors":"Yilin Li, Yonggang Liu, Wei Hao, Zhaogang Liu, Wentao Zhang, Yanhong Hu, Jinxiu Wu","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing the service life of natural rubber (NR) products, including antioxidants, is crucial to prevent rubber degradation and enhance its oxidation resistance. Phenolic antioxidant 2246 and cerium complex of p-amino salicylic acid (PAS-Ce) are utilized as NR antioxidants. Numerous studies have qualitatively analyzed the antioxidant mechanisms of these compounds. Building upon this perspective, this study quantitatively assessed the protective mechanisms of these antioxidants by combining experimental data with molecular simulations. Additionally, it compared their impacts on the thermal oxidative aging performance of NR. The findings revealed that the PAS-Ce/NR system exhibited the highest mechanical performance retention following multiple days of thermal-oxidative aging. Analyzing the PAS-Ce/NR system through ATR-FTIR and DTA techniques demonstrated that it had the lowest C=O content after thermal-oxidative aging. Furthermore, calculating the activation energy required for thermal-oxidative aging decomposition using the Kissinger and FWO methods indicated that PAS-Ce/NR had the highest activation energy, suggesting superior inhibitory effects against thermal-oxidative aging. Quantum mechanical simulations also illustrated that the dissociation energy of the O-H bond in antioxidants 2246 and PAS-Ce was lower than that of the C-H bond in NR. However, PAS-Ce exhibited a quicker capture of radical species, effectively delaying the oxidation reaction rate of NR molecular chains and thus more efficiently inhibiting the aging process. These insights contribute significantly to comprehending the antioxidative mechanisms in NR aging.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141167925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear strengthening of deficient RC deep beams using NSM FRP system: Experimental and numerical investigation","authors":"Aref Abadel","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0012","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to retrofit deep beams with shear inadequacies because these beams, although they have the same shear and flexural reinforcements as ordinary beams, are more susceptible to shear failure. Hence, it is of great significance to overcome the shear weaknesses in deep beams. This research paper aims to experimentally examine the effectiveness of near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) for retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams subjected to shear forces. The study involved three different types of specimens. The first specimen was constructed with concrete throughout its span and included shear stirrups. The second specimen was divided into two halves, with one half lacking shear reinforcements and the other half having them. The third specimen had steel web reinforcement in one half of the span, while the other half was strengthened using NSM CFRP U-wrap strips and externally bonded horizontal CFRP strips. The proposed strengthening method significantly increased the shear strength of the deep beams, surpassing that provided by steel web reinforcement alone. Furthermore, the NSM CFRP strengthened specimen exhibited a change in failure mode from shear to flexural failure. In comparison to the control beam without stirrups, the beams strengthened with NSM CFRP U-wrap strips demonstrated an impressive 82% improvement in shear strength, while the beam with shear reinforcement showed a 23 % enhancement in load capacity. The proposed strengthened scheme is capable of enhancing the structural performance and load-carrying capacity effectively. A finite element model was generated utilizing ABAQUS software to simulate the behavior of the tested deep beams and verified against the experimental outcomes. The numerical models successfully predicted the behavior of the RC deep beams strengthened with NSM CFRP when compared to the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141168038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of nano-SiO2 emulsion on sulfate resistance of cement-based grouts","authors":"Shuiping Li, Bin Yuan, Jian Cheng, Xiaocheng Yu, Chao Wei, Qisheng Wu, Youchao Zhang","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfate attack is one of the most significant durability issues for cement-based grouts, which are widely used to repair concrete structures in sulfate-rich environments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emulsion on the sulfate resistance of cement-based grouts. The durability of the mixes was evaluated on the basis of weight loss and compressive strength. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of hardened grout matrix were used to analyze the hydration products and microstructure of the hardened grout matrix. The results indicate that the hydration degree of nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>-modified samples is higher than that of the control sample. The compressive strength from highest to lowest was 16 NSE, 10 NSE, NSP, and the control sample. The XRD and SEM results suggest that the deterioration of properties may be attributed to the formation and growth of ettringite (AFt) crystals, which may result in crack generation and extension and in the corrosion of gypsum, leading to exfoliation. The addition of nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to cement-based grouts through a preprepared emulsion, which facilitates dispersion within the cement matrix, has the potential to reduce AFt and gypsum contents, enhance microstructure density, decrease the migration channels of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_msp-2024-0010_ieq_001.png\"/> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"> <m:mrow> <m:msubsup> <m:mrow> <m:mtext>SO</m:mtext> </m:mrow> <m:mn>4</m:mn> <m:mrow> <m:mn>2</m:mn> <m:mo>−</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:msubsup> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:tex-math>[text{SO}_{4}^{2-}]</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>, and ultimately improve the resistance to sulfate attack. This work will provide a novel route to enhance the sulfate resistance of cement-based grouts, which may be serviced in a sulfate-rich environment.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141148978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the influence of dies geometry on the process extrusion force and properties of the extrudate obtained in the process of cold extrusion of 7075 aluminum alloy by the KOBO method","authors":"Marek Zwolak, Romana Śliwa","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The KOBO extrusion process is an unconventional method of extrusion based on the phenomenon of superplasticity as an effect of a special state caused by the oscillatory motion of the die at a certain angle a certain frequency. It significantly lowers the extrusion force and makes it possible to extrude lightweight metals and alloys (e.g. aluminum and magnesium alloys) in cold extrusion with high extrusion ratios compared to conventional hot extrusion. This work studies the influence of the tool (die) geometry on process realization parameters and the properties of the extrudate. Experimental studies of cold KOBO extrusion were performed using dies with different face portion geometry. The obtained extrudate obtained from EN-AW 7075 aluminum billets was examined for mechanical properties and macro/microstructure, showing that, with adequate modifications to the tool face part geometry, it is possible to lower the extrusion force and obtain extrudate with desired properties.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141149061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the application of biosynthesized carbon dots as fluorescent probes for bioimaging","authors":"Xuechan Li, Jiefang He","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging as versatile fluorescent nanoprobes for bioimaging applications due to advantages like tunable emissions, excellent biocompatibility, facile surface functionalization, and ease of synthesis. This review summarizes recent advances in applying biosynthesized CDs for sensitive bioimaging. CDs derived from sustainable biomass sources through green techniques like hydrothermal and microwave synthesis demonstrate bright, excitation-tunable photoluminescence spanning visible to near-infrared spectra. Careful control of synthesis parameters and surface passivation strategies enhance quantum yields above 50% comparable to toxic semiconductor dots. Conjugation with polymers, peptides, and recognition elements like antibodies impart solubility and selectivity towards cancer cells and biomarkers. <jats:italic>In vitro</jats:italic> validation in standard lines shows targeted organelle imaging abilities. <jats:italic>In vivo</jats:italic> administration reveals renal clearance pharmacokinetics with preferential tumor accumulation via enhanced permeability effects. Average tumor growth inhibition around 50-80% was achieved in mouse xenografts using CDs-drug formulations through combined therapeutic effects of chemotherapy and photothermal ablation under imaging guidance. However, concerns regarding toxicity from chronic exposures, large-scale reproducible manufacturing, and multimodal imaging capabilities need redressal prior to further clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141148915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological challenges in manufacturing of vacuum gauge thermionic cathode using thick-film technology","authors":"Laura Jasińska, Krzysztof Dzbik, Damian Nowak, Krzysztof Stojek, Aleksandra Chudzyńska, Kamil Politański, Karol Malecha","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the development of a technological challenges of manufacturing the planar ceramic vacuum sensor based on the principles of hot-cathode ionization in the Bayard-Alpert configuration. The goal is to simplify the technological process by utilizing planar platinum structures with gold electrical paths instead of 3-dimensional structures. Various methods were tested, including the use of carbon-based SVM (Sacrifice Volume Materials) materials, but without success. Wet-etching using potassium hydroxide on Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> substrates showed promise results. The findings highlight the challenges and progress made in developing the thermo-emittercomponent of the vacuum sensor.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141148884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of stereolithography and digital light processing additive manufactured pallets","authors":"Anil Bairapudi, C. Chandrasekhara Sastry, J. Krishnaiah, Dola Sundeep, KV Eswaramoorthy","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Pallets are a tertiary form of packaging used for stacking, storing, protecting, or transporting goods in supply chains. They are utilized as a base for the unitization of goods for logistics and warehousing. Moreover, pallets can be manufactured using wood, plastic, metal, and corrugated paper, which can be used as material-handling equipment. With several products being transported worldwide and with year-on-year growth, it would be beneficial to make lightweight pallets. Such pallets are recyclable, easy to clean, cheap, and durable to maintain and store. Though most of the pallets are widely available for basic purposes, applications involving high-end bio-packings and transportation of special chemicals require specialized pallets to be manufactured like polymers to ensure a negligible chemical reaction, light in weight, and attenuation in freight capacity, thereby widespread reduction in wastage. With advancements, job to job and immediate requirements, additive manufacturing has the potential to close the gap for jobs with short lead times. If the design process of new pallets has limits the creation of specific codes, the transitions will be smoother in rapid prototyping. This work describes the development of polymer pallets by taking advantage of stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) technology for 3D printing pallets in correlation to injection moulding. After the pallets are designed and manufactured, AM technologies can be applied to specified standards, and the pallets then undergo tensile strength, elongation, and hardness tests. The analysis was carried out for configurable geometries adapting to fork lifting, conveyor, racking, and stacking conditions. Analytical and numerical solutions were carried out to understand the stress and deflections for each geometry and its wide range of applications for pallets.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of infill density on mechanical properties of additively manufactured chopped carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites","authors":"K. Mayandi, K. Rigesh, Rajini Nagarajan, Sikiru O. Ismail, Kumar Krishnan, Faruq Mohammad, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"In this present study, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method was used to fabricate the composites. Before three-dimensional (3D) printing, samples were designed according to the ASTM D256, D790 and D3039 standards for impact, flexural and tensile tests, respectively, using Onshape software before conversion to an STL file format. Afterward, the digital file was sliced with infill densities of 60%, 80%, and 100%. The composite samples contained chopped carbon fiber (cCF) and poly lactic acid (PLA), as reinforcement and matrix, respectively. The cCF/PLA (simply called cCFP) filaments were printed into various cCFP composite (cCFPC) samples, using a Viper Share bot 3D machine with different infill densities before the aforementioned mechanical testing. The tensile strength of cCFP were obtained as 25.9MPa, 26.9MPa and 34.75MPa for 60%, 80% and 100% infill density cCFP samples, respectively. Similarly, the flexural strength of cCFP were obtained as 11.8MPa, 12.55MPa and 18.4MPa and impact strength was 47.48kJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, 48.45kJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and 48.96kJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for 60%, 80% and 100% infill density cCFP samples, respectively. The fractured/tested samples were examined and analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the presence of fiber and void in the tensile sample. Based on the experimental results, it was evident that a high infill density of 100% with the highest reinforcement exhibited maximum impact strength, tensile and flexural strengths and moduli when compared with other lower carbon content of cCFPC samples. Therefore, the optimal 3D-printed cCFPC sample could be used for engineering application to benefit from properties of the polymer matrix composite materials and possibilities through additive manufacturing (AM).","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140939122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}