{"title":"Challenges and possible approaches for sustainable digital twinning","authors":"Stijn Bellis, J. Denil","doi":"10.1145/3550356.3561551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3561551","url":null,"abstract":"The advance in digital twin technology is creating value for lots of companies. We look at the digital twin design and operation from a sustainability perspective. We identify some challenges related to a digital twin's sustainable design and operation. Finally, we look at some possible approaches, grounded in multi-paradigm modelling to help us create and deploy more sustainable twins.","PeriodicalId":182662,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125676865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Diaconescu, Étienne Houzé, J. Dessalles, H. Vangheluwe, Romain Franceschini
{"title":"Multi-scale model-based explanations for cyber-physical systems: the urban traffic case","authors":"A. Diaconescu, Étienne Houzé, J. Dessalles, H. Vangheluwe, Romain Franceschini","doi":"10.1145/3550356.3561554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3561554","url":null,"abstract":"Automated control in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) generates behaviours that may surprise non-expert users. Relevant explanations are required to maintain user trust. Large CPS (e.g., autonomous car networks and smart grids) raise additional scaleability issues for the explanatory processes and complexity issues for generated explanations. We propose a multi-scale system modelling and explanation technique to address these concerns. The idea is to increase the scale, or abstraction level, of the modelled CPS, whenever possible without loss of salient information, so as to produce smaller system representations and hence to reduce the complexity of the explanatory process and of the generated explanations. We illustrate our proposal via an urban traffic case study, modelling traffic at two different scales (i.e., modelling individual cars at a lower-scale; and traffic jams at a higher-scale). We show how a multi-scale explanatory process can use the lower- and higher-scale models to generate either longer (more detailed) explanations, or shorter (more abstract) explanations, respectively. This proof-of-concept illustration offers a basis for further research towards a comprehensive multi-scale explanatory solution for CPS.","PeriodicalId":182662,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132257662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yining Huang, S. Dhouib, Luis Palacios Medinacelli, J. Malenfant
{"title":"Enabling semantic interoperability of asset administration shells through an ontology-based modeling method","authors":"Yining Huang, S. Dhouib, Luis Palacios Medinacelli, J. Malenfant","doi":"10.1145/3550356.3561606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3561606","url":null,"abstract":"Digital twin technology establishes the future development vision for Industry 4.0, and is also an important exploration direction for the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) paradigm. Because it builds a more flexible and communicative production system through models that spans life cycle, hierarchy and architecture. The standard proposed under the concept of Industry 4.0, the Asset Administration Shell (AAS), provides a syntactic interoperability interface for all assets involved in smart factories. However, there is still a need to fill the gap regarding semantic interoperability, in order to allow efficient interactions between Industry 4.0 components. Ontologies are a good candidate because they provide formal semantics expressed using a knowledge representation language, and in addition, there are many associated mature tools for reasoning and inference. Therefore, we propose a modeling approach that provides semantic interoperability for AAS-based digital twins using ontologies.","PeriodicalId":182662,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125574192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Léo Olivier, Lou-Anne Sauvětre, E. Bousse, G. Sunyé
{"title":"A tool-assisted approach to engineer domain-specific languages (DSLs) using Rust","authors":"Léo Olivier, Lou-Anne Sauvětre, E. Bousse, G. Sunyé","doi":"10.1145/3550356.3563133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3563133","url":null,"abstract":"Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) are required in a wide range of contexts, implying different execution environments. The same DSL may even have to exist in different environments. We propose in this paper an approach to engineer a DSL using the Rust language, which can be used to target several environments. Our approach focuses on selecting an implementation language, Rust, that provides multiple compilation targets for a DSL definition. However, this is a rather laborious process because Rust is only partially object-oriented, while the definition of a metamodel-based abstract syntax is essentially object-oriented. For this reason, we offer a complete DSL's development method beginning with the metamodel definition in Ecore language, then the abstract syntax conversion in Rust with a code generation tool, and finally the deployment of the language in different execution environments. We evaluated our approach by creating two DSLs with it, a Petri nets DSL and a Finite State Machine (FSM) DSL. Finally, we discuss possible improvements for our Ecore2Rust conversion tool.","PeriodicalId":182662,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126630714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards automatically extracting UML class diagrams from natural language specifications","authors":"Song Yang, H. Sahraoui","doi":"10.1145/3550356.3561592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3561592","url":null,"abstract":"In model-driven engineering (MDE), UML class diagrams serve as a way to plan and communicate between developers. However, it is complex and resource-consuming. We propose an automated approach for the extraction of UML class diagrams from natural language software specifications. To develop our approach, we create a dataset of UML class diagrams and their English specifications with the help of volunteers. Our approach is a pipeline of steps consisting of the segmentation of the input into sentences, the classification of the sentences, the generation of UML class diagram fragments from sentences, and the composition of these fragments into one UML class diagram. We develop a quantitative testing framework specific to UML class diagram extraction. Our approach yields low precision and recall but serves as a benchmark for future research.","PeriodicalId":182662,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123174172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Situational crime prevention for automotive cybersecurity","authors":"Nicholas Polanco, B. Cheng","doi":"10.1145/3550356.3561600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3561600","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in number and types of various stakeholders interacting with self-driving vehicles expands the relevant automotive cybersecurity attack vectors that can be compromised. Furthermore, given the prominent role that human behavior plays in the lifetime of a vehicle, social and human-based factors must be considered in tandem with the technical factors when addressing cybersecurity. A focus on informing and enabling stakeholders and their corresponding actions promotes security of the vehicle through a human-focused and technology-enabled approach. Example stakeholders include the consumer operating the vehicle, the technicians working on the car, and the engineers designing the software. Strategies can be applied in both a social and technical manner to increase preventative security measures for autonomous vehicles by leveraging theoretical foundations from the criminology domain. In this work we harness a criminology theory approach to crime prevention, where we synergistically combine cybercrime theory, human factors, and technical solutions to develop a cybercrime prevention framework that accounts for a range of stakeholders relevant to an autonomous vehicle domain.","PeriodicalId":182662,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121847924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peculiarities of language engineering in multi-level environments or: Design by elimination: a contribution to the further development of multi-level modeling methods","authors":"U. Frank, T. Clark","doi":"10.1145/3550356.3561544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3561544","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-level modeling (MLM) facilitates the design of modeling languages because foundational language concepts (defined with \"linguistic\" metamodels) can be reused on any classification level and consequently frees the developer from the burden of re-specifying these concepts each time a new language is designed. This strength of MLM can be used profitably in teaching since it enables students to specify languages with relatively little effort with associated tool support. However, MLM introduces new features that require existing methods to be extended with user support and which introduce verification challenges. This paper describes these challenges with respect to teaching modeling languages and outlines approaches to address them.","PeriodicalId":182662,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings","volume":"250 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121881974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milan Cornelis, Yon Vanommeslaeghe, Bert Van Acker, P. D. Meulenaere
{"title":"An ontology DSL for the co-design of mechatronic systems","authors":"Milan Cornelis, Yon Vanommeslaeghe, Bert Van Acker, P. D. Meulenaere","doi":"10.1145/3550356.3561534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3561534","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of mechatronic systems is vastly increasing. Therefore, the design of these systems requires different engineering domains, e.g., the mechanical, electrical, and control domains, to work together. The different domains often work in parallel to gain efficiency in this so-called co-design process. However, the design choices made by engineers in one domain can influence parameters in another domain. Too little or even no knowledge about these cross-domain influences may later lead to system integration problems or to degraded system performance. Solving these problems requires taking steps back in the development process, causing a higher design cost. In order to improve this cross-domain collaboration, we propose using ontologies to assist the co-design process by explicitly capturing the design dependencies, both within and across the engineering domains. However, designing ontologies can be complex and is labor-intensive, especially if one relies on generic ontology languages like the Web Ontology Language 2 (OWL 2). Therefore, we created a Domain Specific Language (DSL) focusing on the essential complexity, which enables engineers to design a cross-domain system ontology in a consistent and straightforward way. We elaborate on the metamodel for this DSL, discuss the realization of a prototype tool, and demonstrate how one can then reason on this ontology to derive new information about the various cross-domain design relationships.","PeriodicalId":182662,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132816030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jati H. Husen, H. Washizaki, H. Tun, Nobukazu Yoshioka, Y. Fukazawa
{"title":"Modeling tool for managing canvas-based models traceability in ML system development","authors":"Jati H. Husen, H. Washizaki, H. Tun, Nobukazu Yoshioka, Y. Fukazawa","doi":"10.1145/3550356.3559574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3559574","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of machine learning models often used canvas-based models such as ML Canvas and AI Project Canvas to facilitate rapid brainstorming of ideas. However, those models often cover only high-level descriptions of requirements. Developers may utilize other models to achieve a more comprehensive analysis to cover specific aspects. This condition may lead to inconsistencies between different models. This study proposes a tool to support traceability between canvas-based and other models. The tool is implemented as a plugin for astah* System Safety.","PeriodicalId":182662,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115221822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enes Yigitbas, Maximilian Schmidt, A. Bucchiarone, S. Gottschalk, G. Engels
{"title":"Gamification-based UML learning environment in virtual reality","authors":"Enes Yigitbas, Maximilian Schmidt, A. Bucchiarone, S. Gottschalk, G. Engels","doi":"10.1145/3550356.3559088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3559088","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling is a key activity in conceptual design and system design which makes learning and understanding modeling languages like the Unified Modeling Language (UML) important. Many interactive UML learning applications exist and also gamification-based alternatives have been proposed in recent years to promote the engagement of learners. However, none of the existing approaches provide an immersive learning environment that can be used to increase interactivity while learning. As a consequence, existing UML learning applications cannot create a feeling of presence that can positively influence learning outcomes, and the potential of gamification is not fully exploited. To overcome this problem, in this demo paper, we present an immersive gamification-based UML learning environment in Virtual Reality (VR) to practice modeling class diagrams in an interactive way. The VR environment provides minigames and multi-viewpoint modeling features to learn creating class diagrams. The multi-viewpoint component highlights correspondences between a class diagram and a 3D model of an example system. The goal of this approach is to improve the learners' motivation, make the learning process an enjoyable experience, and boost learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":182662,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115701548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}