Materials Science Forum最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of the Co-Production between the Rice Husk and the Pulp of the Cashew Apple Produced in the Natural Region of Casamance","authors":"Omar Kata Faye, P. B. Himbane, L. Ndiaye","doi":"10.4028/p-k8uyif","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-k8uyif","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic digestion or anaerobic digestion is a biological process of degradation of organic matter in an anaerobic environment. It involves the degradation and stabilization of complex organic matter by a consortium of micro-organisms leading to methane-rich biogas that can be used as an alternative energy to fossil fuels. In addition, the use of biogas allows for the preservation of the environment and the sustainable development of rural areas and landlocked regions, as well as the diversification of energy resources, but also contributes to the development of agriculture through the production of organic fertilizer. In 2018, Senegal was ranked as the 15th world exporter of cashew nuts with a production of around 18,000 tons per year according to a study by PADEC (Support Program for the Development of Casamance). Four regions mainly invest in it: Kolda, Ziguinchor, Sédhiou, and Fatick. However, in the natural region of Casamance ( Kolda, Ziguinchor, and Sédhiou), each year, after the cashew nut campaign, more than 342,000 tons of cashew apples, pressed or not, are rejected without any recovery, thus degrading in the environment. In addition, rice is traditionally grown in Casamance and in some Diola circles, it had become one of the criteria of wealth, which explains why it occupied most of the cultivated areas and each year thousands of tons of rice husk are burned for elimination/reduction without any recovery. These immense annual productions of waste, without any recovery, in a context dominated by a deficit in cooking and lighting energy constitutes a form of energy resilience and motivates us to study the co-digestion of the rice husk (with a report of C/N equal to 101.317) on cashew apple pulp (having a C/N ratio of 23.201 ). The study of the co-digestion of rice husk and apple pulp at the laboratory scale with the inoculum reveals, that the co-digestion with pH correction contains 39.40% methane and 51.50% carbon dioxide after 49 days of production and 64.04% methane (CH4) and 25.86% carbon dioxide (CO2) on the 96th day. For co-digestion without adjustment, production stopped on the 49th day with a production of 23.68% methane and 45.65% carbon dioxide.","PeriodicalId":18262,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Friction Stir Weld (FSW) Process Parameters on Tensile Strength, Macro Structure, and Hardness in Results of AA7075 Butt Joints","authors":"Muhammad Fahmi Ardiansyah, L. A. Safitri, P. Rupajati, A. Baskoro","doi":"10.4028/p-elhs5v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-elhs5v","url":null,"abstract":"Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an innovative technique that enhances the conventional method of joining metals. Notably ecofriendly due to its energy efficiency, FSW involves minimal energy input, reduces pollution, and saves time and costs. It finds applications in diverse sectors such as automotive, aerospace, and industry. Each material requires specific process parameters, which leads to this study focusing on identifying suitable parameters for AA7075 aluminum with a 6mm thickness. Using a tool featuring a tapered cylindrical thread pin and a flat shoulder, the study aims to investigate the influence of FSW process parameters, rotation speed, and traverse speed on the mechanical strength of butt joint connections. The study's experimental design varies these parameters and evaluates the joints through tensile strength testing, hardness testing, and macrostructural analysis. Utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the data highlights the impact of rotation and traverse speed on tensile strength. Hardness test results present variations within heat zones, analyzing the effects of the mentioned variables. The findings demonstrate minimal flash and successful surface outcomes but also identify wormholes within the stir zone (SZ). Tensile strength testing reveals a definite correlation between RPM and traverse speed with joint strength. In contrast, hardness testing indicates that these parameters do not significantly affect joint hardness. Macrostructure examination suggests RPM and traverse speed have negligible effects on the heat-affected zone. In conclusion, FSW presents a sustainable and effective welding approach with implications for multiple industries, and this research provides insights into optimizing its parameters for specific aluminum materials.","PeriodicalId":18262,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normal Water Effect on the Thermal and the Mechanical Properties of Jute Yarns","authors":"Youssef Ben Smail, Fatima Lmai, A. El Moumen, A. Imad","doi":"10.4028/p-8raupz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8raupz","url":null,"abstract":"The production of the jute fibers and yarns in enormous amounts and their use in different fields requires an overall comprehension of the evolution of their performance during their use and before their end life. Exposing the jute yarns to the extreme environmental conditions, such as high humidity, severe weathering, severe environments, freezing environments and others can degrade the mechanical properties jute yarns. Besides, the use of these jute yarns on the appropriate applications immersed in normal water may be accelerated them to reach their end-of-life. In this work, the thermal and mechanical properties of the jute yarns immersed in normal water for different duration were evaluated. This environmental condition was selected owing to the high probability to the exposing of yarns to the immersing in normal water on outdoors which affect their performance. The thermal stability of the jute yarns was effectuated in order to explain the chemical and physical changers occurred and linked to the mechanical properties. Results show that the mechanical properties of the jute yarns degraded by along immersion in water compared to the raw one. The tensile stress and the tensile modulus are dropped by 47 % (from 52 to 28 MPa) and 46 % (from 2.28 to 1.24 GPa), respectively for the samples immersed in water along duration (9 months) compared to the raw samples. Besides, the thermal stability of the immersed samples shows that there are no significant changes except a slight high residue for the immersed ones.","PeriodicalId":18262,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"131 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141114915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Silanized Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) Filler on Hardness of Acrylic-Based Denture Teeth","authors":"Hubbi Hikmatu Ilma, Fahri Raihan Ashary, Fachri Kurniawan Asghar, Ardista Izdhihar Kaloka, B. Airlangga, Sumarno Sumarno","doi":"10.4028/p-s4kb7u","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-s4kb7u","url":null,"abstract":"PMMA is used in dentistry as the main matrix for denture manufacture. Dentures are a substitute for natural human teeth which must have mechanical properties and are biocompatible to withstand mastication in the oral cavity. However, PMMA has poor mechanical properties, so it is necessary to add filler to the PMMA matrix. In this study zirconium oxide (ZrO2) was used as a filler because it has good mechanical properties and aesthetics. The aim of this study was to study the effect of adding ZrO2 filler on the hardness and compatibility of denture composites at concentrations ( 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). The bulk composite polymerization method used in the manufacture of dental composites is by mixing powdered materials in the form of PMMA, BPO as an initiator, and ZrO2 filler which has been silanized with liquid materials in the form of MMA monomer and cross-linking agent Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Mixing powder liquid in this method uses hand mixing in a stainless steel container until it reaches the dough phase and is packed into a mold according to ASTM for Vickers hardness tests. Heat cured polymerization technique was used for the curing process in a water bath at 74°C for 90 minutes and continued at 100°C for 30 minutes. The results obtained in this study, the addition of ZrO2 filler to a concentration of 5% showed an increase in the hardness value up to 37.6 VHN. Keywords: Denture Teeth, Composite Bulk Polymerization, Heat cured Polymerization, Zirconium Oxide","PeriodicalId":18262,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"45 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Orthophosphoric Acid Activation on the Quality of Activated Carbons","authors":"Mahamane Nassirou Amadou Kiari, Affoué Tindo Sylvie Konan, Ousmaila Sanda Mamane, H. Koné, Guy Didier Fanou, Maâzou Siragi Dounounou Boukari, Maman Hamissou Ibrahim Grema, Maman Mousbahou Malam Alma, Kouassi Benjamin Yao","doi":"10.4028/p-kd7gn9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-kd7gn9","url":null,"abstract":"Activated carbon (AC) is an adsorbent material used for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. Unfortunately, these materials used by the industry are very expensive. This is why research is being conducted to produce low-cost activated carbons from natural biomass. The objective of this work is to study the effect of activation by orthophosphoric acid on the quality of activated carbons. The different techniques used for the characterization are: the Iodine number and the Methylene Blue Index. For activated carbons prepared in a single activation step, iodine number of 609.12 and methylene blue value of 102.48 mg/g were obtained. For those prepared in two activation steps, iodine number of 951.75 mg/g and methylene blue value of 115.14 mg/g were obtained.","PeriodicalId":18262,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating Graphene Nanofiller for the Improvement of Hydrophobic Properties of Cassava Peel Starch Bioplastic","authors":"A. Ganda, Diah Wulandari, Firman Yasa Utama, W. Warju, Dyah Riandadari, Dewi Puspitasari, Lena Citra Manggalasari","doi":"10.4028/p-9fcqbm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9fcqbm","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava starch bioplastics have been known well as an alternative plastic replacing conventional petrochemical plastics, which have difficulty degrading rapidly in the environment. Cassava peels as waste is a potential eco-friendly starch source for biodegradable plastic. This study investigated the effect of graphene as a nanofiller on the hydrophobic properties of cassava peel starch film. Bioplastic was synthesized using the melt blending method by adding graphene in various amounts, which were 3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 7 wt%. Graphene was found to be able to increase the contact angle of the films up to 93° with the addition of 5 wt%. Graphene also affects water absorption properties. These results indicate that the hydrophobic properties of cassava peel starch films could be modified by adding graphene nanofiller.","PeriodicalId":18262,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Aluminum Melting with Sustainable Biomass Fuels: A Case Study of Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) Wood and Galam (Melaleuca cajuputi) Wood","authors":"Teguh Suprianto, Muhammad Kasim, Akbar Ela Heka, D. Darmansyah","doi":"10.4028/p-j1jl2n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-j1jl2n","url":null,"abstract":"Wood waste biomass has emerged as an abundant source of alternative energy. This alternative energy source holds significant potential in the industrial sector, particularly in the field of metal casting. The development of aluminum melting equipment aims to provide invaluable support to aluminum craftsmen by harnessing wood waste as an easily accessible fuel source. The approach employed in this research involves the design of a wood waste combustion chamber capable of reaching the aluminum melting point. Two types of wood, Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) and Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi), were utilized in the study. The research achieved a temperature of 863°C in 28 minutes with Ulin wood, whereas with Gelam, a temperature of 821°C was reached in 29 minutes. This study makes a significant contribution to the efficient utilization of wood waste biomass in the aluminum casting industry, offering remarkable environmental and economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":18262,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"20 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of Friction Welded Joint between Alumina and Aluminum Casting Alloy","authors":"Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Son Thanh Nguyen, Masaaki Kimura","doi":"10.4028/p-9esrhc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9esrhc","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the Al2O3 round bar and Al-Si12CuNi (AC8A) round bar were joined by friction welding. AC8A is a typical piston material treated by the heat treatment T6. The parameters of the joining condition are friction time and upset pressure. SEM observed the microstructure at the interface region of joined materials. 1) Judging from these photographs, the damages to the microstructures at the interface region of joined materials by upset pressure are more significant than those caused by friction time. 2) The relationship between the joint conditions and mechanical characteristics from three points of bending test results for the joint material specimens. 3) The residual stresses around the interface were measured by the Raman spectroscopy method. There is a possibility that the friction welding conditions are correlated to the residual stresses.","PeriodicalId":18262,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"38 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Materials and Materials Application","authors":"F. Gapsari, Bruno Castanie, Ramesh K. Agarwal","doi":"10.4028/b-uliu8t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/b-uliu8t","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18262,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"31 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcrystalline Cellulose as Composite Reinforcement: Assessment and Future Prospects","authors":"Cahyo Hadi Wibowo, D. Ariawan, E. Surojo, Sunardi Sunardi","doi":"10.4028/p-viyb6d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-viyb6d","url":null,"abstract":"In order to enhance diverse composites and foster sustainable development, it is essential to use strategic measures. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) has the desirable characteristics of being both renewable and biodegradable. The characteristics above provide MCC with a favorable option for enhancing the structural integrity of composite materials. This study examines the literature on using MCC as a composite reinforcement to identify its primary characteristics. This evaluation explores the properties and potential future advancements of the naturally derived materials under investigation. This work comprehensively reviews scientific publications to guide future research efforts. Based on empirical investigations, using MCC as a composite reinforcement has enhanced various mechanical and tribological characteristics. This study provides a comprehensive reference for implementing sustainable MCC as a composite reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":18262,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}