{"title":"Natural Design - Some Remarks on the Human Nature and the Design of User Interfaces","authors":"Maximilian Eibl","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4137030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4137030","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years evolutionary biology made great progress. It is most interesting that recently studies consider not only the physical evolution but also the cognitive one. Here it is for example by now widely accepted to assume a coevolution of brain and language. This would mean that linguistic structures are dispositioned within the human brain – and therefore intercultural. Of course one firstly thinks of Chomsky’s generative grammar. But research goes beyond that and discusses the biological foundations of structuring knowledge in general. Passing on knowledge by narration is one of many examples. This article discusses whether evolutionary biology can provide ideas and concepts to naturally designed interfaces. 1 Beautiful People and Usable Systems In 1995 Kurosu & Kashimura introduced the term apparent usability to describe a subjective a priori perception of usability. They describe a study on the design of a cash dispenser. 252 subjects were asked to rate 26 different layout-patterns concerning usability and beauty. Since the subjects were neither usability experts nor could they work with the displays they could only rate the subjectively perceived usability – not the actual existing usability. The study clearly demonstrated that people have a very specific opinion of usability even without using a system: This suggests that the user may be strongly affected by the aesthetic aspect of the interface even when they try to evaluate the interface in its functional aspects and it is suggested that the interface designers should strive not only to improve the inherent usability but also brush up the apparent usability or the aesthetic aspect of the interface. (Kurosu & Kashimura 1995: 293) Dieses Dokument wird unter folgender creative commons Lizenz veröffentlicht: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/de/","PeriodicalId":182516,"journal":{"name":"Designing Information Systems","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114132461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information Retrieval - From Information Access to Contextual Retrieval","authors":"N. Fuhr","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4136996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4136996","url":null,"abstract":"Information Retrieval (IR) deals with uncertainty and vagueness in information systems. Uncertainty is caused by the problem of representing the semantics of text and other media, which cannot be done in a perfect way. On the other hands, information needs to be answered by IR systems are often vague and cannot be specified precisely, thus leading to iterative query formulation. The generic IR task can be specified as “Retrieve that amount of knowledge which a user needs in a specific situation for solving his/her current problem” [Kuhlen 91]. This definition implies two major research issues:","PeriodicalId":182516,"journal":{"name":"Designing Information Systems","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121971533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"War of Eyeballs - Design in der Mediengesellschaft","authors":"Walter Bauer-Wabnegg","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4137028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4137028","url":null,"abstract":"Thoughts about Design in the media society. We need both, a cooperative spirit between science and art and a highly professional design. Increasing visualization, online-communities, interactive multimedia, globalization and a greater amount of media staging mark the increasing importance of design in the world of tomorrow. Je deutlicher wir uns nicht nur zur Informations-, sondern vor allem zur Mediengesellschaft entwickeln, desto mehr ruckt die asthetische und medienadaquate Aufbereitung rasch wechselnder Inhalte in den Vordergrund. Bis hin zu einer relativen Verdrangung der Inhalte selbst. Dazu kommt im Zuge anhaltender wirtschaftlicher Globalisierung ein wachsender Wettbewerbsdruck, der bei Angleichung technischer Qualitatsstandards nach zusatzlichen Unterscheidungskriterien wie etwa emotionalen Faktoren verlangt. Zumal der erste Eindruck niemals eine zweite Chance erhalt und also entsprechend attraktiv sein muss. In dieser Situation gewinnen formale Gestaltung und Prasentation deutlich an Gewicht. Das wiederum fuhrt einerseits zum Einbezug gestalterischer Aspekte in vormals gestaltungsferne Disziplinen, andererseits zur verstarkten Einbindung professioneller Gestaltung in eine fachubergreifende Arbeitsteilung. Das gilt auch fur die Softwareergonomie. Denn nachdem Informatik und Informationswissenschaft sich traditionell gegenuber Designdisziplinen eher abgrenzten, findet aktuell ein zunehmend intensiver Austausch zwischen Wissenschaftlern und Gestaltern statt. Wahrend wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisund gestalterische Entwurfsprozesse fur lange Zeit als beinahe unvereinbar galten, befordern wechselseitige Einflusse nunmehr eine Art Osmose uber Dieses Dokument wird unter folgender creative commons Lizenz veroffentlicht: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/de/ Walter Bauer-Wabnegg bislang kaum durchlassige Fachgrenzen hinweg. Damit wachsen sowohl die Chance professioneller Arbeitsteilung wie auch das Risiko fachlicher Ausfransung und Ausdunnung. Entwurfsund Gestaltungsfacher, deren Aneignung und Ausubung sich nicht rein intellektuell vermitteln, unterliegen dabei leicht auserfachlicher Fehleinschatzung. Zunehmende Verbildlichung, Medienkonvergenz, interaktive Vernetzung und mediale Inszenierungen markieren jedoch unverkennbar den Bedarf ebenso nach fachubergreifender Zusammenarbeit wie nach disziplinarer Professionalitat. Hierzu einige Anmerkungen zum Design in der Mediengesellschaft. 1 Werkstatt, nicht Lehrbuch Grundaufgabe der Gestaltung ist die Formulierung sinnlich wahrnehmbarer Botschaften und Formate in medialen Handlungszusammenhangen aller Art und damit die asthetische Aufbereitung medialer Oberflachen. Je nach Anwendungszusammenhang soll damit ein Kommunikationsziel bestmoglich unterstutzt und erreicht werden. Etwa die Wegeleitung in einem Krankenhaus oder Flughafen, die eindeutige Zeichenerkennung in orientierenden Kontexten oder aber das Erleben besonderer Stimmung im werblichen oder unterhaltenden Rahmen. Bei aller Vielfal","PeriodicalId":182516,"journal":{"name":"Designing Information Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128350511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Speech Grammars und Dialogdesign","authors":"L. Hitzenberger","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4137010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4137010","url":null,"abstract":"Dialogues are specified through speech grammars and dialogue modelling languages. The complexity of the dialogues comes from the dialogue design. The power of the grammar and the specification language needs not to be very high. It is sufficient to have a very simple classificator, which decides on the next dialogue step.","PeriodicalId":182516,"journal":{"name":"Designing Information Systems","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114260278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Information Retrieval Prototype for Research and Teaching","authors":"Christa Womser-Hacker","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4137006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4137006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on MIMOR which was modelled as an open meta information retrieval system at the handling of diverse information retrieval objects. It is used to gain further insights concerning the behaviour of information retrieval systems as well as for teaching in the field of Information Science. The main issue of MIMOR is the exploitation of users’ relevance feedback in order to optimise the fusion of several retrieval engines or resources. As yet, MIMOR has been applied to a domain specific collection, to a multilingual corpus, and to music data. Experiments within the CLEF evaluation framework and additional ones are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":182516,"journal":{"name":"Designing Information Systems","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114674372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Expressive and User Friendly Interfaces for Digital Libraries Containing Heterogeneous Data","authors":"M. Stempfhuber","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4137040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4137040","url":null,"abstract":"Digital libraries in Germany are currently making a shift from more selfcontained projects or institutional driven activities to concerted actions coordinated by government and funding agencies. The “library” aspect of collecting things and cataloguing them in a standardized format and with a standardized indexing language is no longer the primary concern here. The goal is to combine heterogeneous information from different, often distributed sources and to make them available in an integrated way. As the user interface is the intermediate between the user’s information needs and the digital library’s complex inner structure, new ways of designing the user interface are needed to adapt to the growing complexity while ensuring a consistent look and feel. 1 The Changing Face of Digital and Virtual Libraries 1.1 Defining Digital and Virtual Libraries Digital or virtual libraries, often understood as access points to collections of electronic documents or digitized artifacts on the Internet, play a more and more important role for the access to scientific information. The basic idea is often accredited to Vannevar Bush, who develops the idea of the “memex”, an automated personal library which can not only store a user’s individual information but can be filled with purchased information (e.g. books or newspapers) on microfilm: “Consider a future device for individual use, which is a sort of mechanized private file and library. It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, ‘memex’ will do. A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory” [Bush 1945]. Many other concepts of today’s digital libraries and hypertext systems, with the World Wide Web being the biggest in existence, were already sketched out by Bush in great detail, just at about the time the first computer had been built by Konrad Zuse. Dieses Dokument wird unter folgender creative commons Lizenz veroffentlicht: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/de/ Maximilian Stempfhuber Though often used as synonyms, both concepts can be distinguished by the result of a user’s search for information. [Kochtanek et al. 2001] list different definitions of digital libraries and emphasize the importance of electronically available documents in contrast to virtual libraries, which hold only metadata and references to documents. [ARL 1995] takes a broader view and states some common properties of digital libraries [cf. Drabenstott 1994]: • The digital library is not a single entity; • The digital library requires technology to link the resources of many; • The linkages between the many digital libraries and information services are transparent to the end users; • Universal access to digital libraries and information services is a goal; • Digital library collections are not limited to document surrogates: they ext","PeriodicalId":182516,"journal":{"name":"Designing Information Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114488951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sprachtechnologie in einem Informationssystem","authors":"G. Thurmair","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4137022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4137022","url":null,"abstract":"Einleitung Das im Folgenden beschriebene System ist das Ergebnis eines Förderprojektes der EU namens SENSUS und ähnlicher Arbeiten. Ziel der Projekte war die Erstellung der Architektur eines Informationssystems, das die Arbeit öffentlicher Behörden bei der Drogenbekämpfung unterstützt. Schwerpunkt des Projekts waren Aspekte der Informationsgewinnung aus Texten, der Multilingualität und der Visualisierung. Der folgende Beitrag gibt eine Beschreibung des erstellten Systems und der Erfahrungen, die damit gemacht worden sind.","PeriodicalId":182516,"journal":{"name":"Designing Information Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121605467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Bauer, Sonja Gurt, Elisabeth Milchrahm, W. Rauch, G. Reichmann, Christian Schlögl
{"title":"Informationswissenschaft an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz","authors":"G. Bauer, Sonja Gurt, Elisabeth Milchrahm, W. Rauch, G. Reichmann, Christian Schlögl","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4136989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4136989","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Mit einer gewissen zeitlichen Verzogerung, aber sonst weitgehend parallel zur deutschen Entwicklung hat sich die Informationswissenschaft in Osterreich etabliert. In diesem Beitrag zur Festschrift fur Jurgen Krause wollen die Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter des immer noch einzigen osterreichischen Instituts fur Informationswissenschaft einen kurzen Uberblick uber den derzeitigen Stand (Herbst 2003) der eigenen Forschung geben. Dabei soll der Schwerpunkt weniger auf der personellen oder institutionellen Seite liegen, als vielmehr bei den Inhalten und fachlichen Schwerpunkten.","PeriodicalId":182516,"journal":{"name":"Designing Information Systems","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134345360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Domain-Ontologie der Hochschulwelt für ein Portal - Zugangsvokabular und Basis für Inferenzen","authors":"G. Knorz","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4137018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4137018","url":null,"abstract":"A large university of applied sciences works on an internal portal that is based on a domain-ontology of the university world. The ontology must take along the user at his level of terminology and impart knowledge about the given facts and the normative terminology. It serves the factual documentation and the document management. Especially the semantics of the concepts and of their relationships must be so precise and consistent that dependable inference rules can be expressed. It is described how on the basis of the tool k-infinity the concept model is constructed and how inference rules can be formulated. 1 Bedarf und Anforderungen für das Wissensmanagement an der FH Darmstadt Die Fachhochschule Darmstadt ist mit 5 Standorten in 2 Städten, ca. 700 Mitarbeitern (einschließlich Professoren), 15 Fachbereichen und mehr als 11.000 Studierenden in mehr als 30 Studiengängen eine verteilte, heterogene Institution. Verwaltungsvorgänge und Gremienarbeit, die in einem Fall reibungslos funktionieren, können zu anderer Zeit oder an anderer Stelle vollständig misslingen und zu fatalen Konsequenzen führen, wenn etwa zeitkritische Anträge an den Senat wegen Formfehlern bzw. weit zurückliegenden Versäumnissen abgelehnt oder zurückgestellt werden müssen. Dieses Dokument wird unter folgender creative commons Lizenz veröffentlicht: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/de/","PeriodicalId":182516,"journal":{"name":"Designing Information Systems","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133767239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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