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Achieving measurement comparability in mercury speciation analysis in seawater: Key requirements and best practices
IF 3 3区 地球科学
Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104498
Igor Živković , Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida , Mariia V. Petrova , Aurélie Dufour , Ermira Begu , Milena Horvat
{"title":"Achieving measurement comparability in mercury speciation analysis in seawater: Key requirements and best practices","authors":"Igor Živković ,&nbsp;Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida ,&nbsp;Mariia V. Petrova ,&nbsp;Aurélie Dufour ,&nbsp;Ermira Begu ,&nbsp;Milena Horvat","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The comparability of measurement results is an important issue in contemporary mercury (Hg) speciation in seawater. Sampling campaigns must be properly designed to determine significant differences on spatial and temporal scales, considering two major parameters: the variability of expected data at a given sampling point/transect and variability in the results due to the intrinsic properties of specific analytical methods, particularly the measurement uncertainty. This study assessed the required sample size, considering several aspects of data variability when determining total Hg, dissolved gaseous Hg, and methylated Hg species in seawater. The required sample sizes were calculated using (1) the measurement uncertainty of a single-laboratory measurement of analytical methods used; (2) performance of the laboratories in interlaboratory comparison exercises; and (3) natural variability in Hg species/fractions in a selected case study in the Central Adriatic Sea. It was shown that the measurement uncertainty of a particular method and interlaboratory variability among laboratories have significant influence on data interpretation in case natural variability of Hg fractions is relatively small, such as for example the open seawater depth profiles. In contrary, in areas with large natural variability of Hg contractions, such as coastal and contaminated sites, their influence on data interpretation is negligible. The present paper introduces the importance of proper estimation of measurement uncertainty in international programs, such as GEOTRACES, where data comparability is of fundamental importance to assess temporal and spatial trends of Hg measurements in the marine environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18219,"journal":{"name":"Marine Chemistry","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 104498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physical-biological processes regulating summer sea-air CO2 exchanges along the Drake Passage and northern Antarctic Peninsula
IF 3 3区 地球科学
Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104497
Rodrigo Kerr , Thiago Monteiro , Matheus S. Batista , Brendon Yuri Damini
{"title":"Physical-biological processes regulating summer sea-air CO2 exchanges along the Drake Passage and northern Antarctic Peninsula","authors":"Rodrigo Kerr ,&nbsp;Thiago Monteiro ,&nbsp;Matheus S. Batista ,&nbsp;Brendon Yuri Damini","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We determined the sea-air carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) exchanges and investigated the main physical-biological processes responsible for regulating the sea surface partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub>. This was done through the analysis of continuous and discrete measurements of oceanographic and atmospheric variables measured during the NAUTILUS V cruise (January 2019) crossing the main fronts along the Drake Passage and several distinct biogeochemical provinces along the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The main findings indicated that the Drake Passage acted as a weak net CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing area (∼0.1 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>), although contrasting regions with close sea-air CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes magnitudes of ∼3 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> were identified north (a net CO<sub>2</sub> sink zone regulated by net photosynthesis) and south (a net CO<sub>2</sub> source zone regulated by net respiration) of the Polar Front. On the other hand, the northern Antarctic Peninsula areas demonstrated a more heterogeneous sea-air CO<sub>2</sub> exchanges behaviour varying from moderate net CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing of ∼1.3 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> (Bransfield Strait, western Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea continental shelves) to a moderate (∼ −2.4 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>) or weak (∼ −0.1 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>) net CO<sub>2</sub> ingassing in Antarctic Sound surroundings and Gerlache Strait, respectively. It is interesting to note that a huge intensification of the net CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing of ∼5 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> was identified in the area under the influence of the Antarctic Slope Front bifurcation eddy south of Clarence Island. The CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing is expected in this stationary and anticyclonic feature, but its magnitude was ∼75 % higher than the known estimate, which was associated with strengthen winds and eddy dynamics. Net respiration was the leading biological process occurring in the study area, except north of Polar Front where net photosynthesis prevailed. The patchy distribution of sea-air CO<sub>2</sub> exchanges behaviour along the Drake Passage and northern Antarctic Peninsula reinforced the needs for better understanding and focus on finer resolution of the CO<sub>2</sub> chemistry and processes at regional and local investigations, especially in a region suffering with multiple climate stressors, located in a transition zone of warm and cold environments, and key to connect the Southern Ocean ecosystems in a circumpolar way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18219,"journal":{"name":"Marine Chemistry","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 104497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143222704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vertical biochemical composition of particulate organic matter in the Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR), southwestern Indian Ocean
IF 3 3区 地球科学
Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104496
Sanghoon Park , Yejin Kim , Jaesoon Kim , Jae Ha Jeon , Inhee Lee , Doshik Hahm , Dong-Jin Kang , Sang Heon Lee
{"title":"Vertical biochemical composition of particulate organic matter in the Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR), southwestern Indian Ocean","authors":"Sanghoon Park ,&nbsp;Yejin Kim ,&nbsp;Jaesoon Kim ,&nbsp;Jae Ha Jeon ,&nbsp;Inhee Lee ,&nbsp;Doshik Hahm ,&nbsp;Dong-Jin Kang ,&nbsp;Sang Heon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR) in the southwestern Indian Ocean is characterized by upwelling-driven nutrient enrichment and enhanced biological activity compared to adjacent non-SCTR regions. This study investigated the vertical distribution and biochemical composition of particulate organic matter (POM) within these contrasting environments. The SCTR featured a shallower thermocline and cooler sea surface temperatures, indicative of upwelling, which correlated with significantly higher chlorophyll-<em>a</em> concentrations (<em>t</em>-test, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). A notable dominance of micro-sized phytoplankton was observed in the SCTR, contributing 13.6 ± 3.0 % of the total phytoplankton biomass, compared to 5.6 ± 1.6 % in the non-SCTR. CHEMTAX analysis revealed distinct phytoplankton communities, with diatoms being approximately four times more abundant in the SCTR (16.5 ± 4.5 %) than in the non-SCTR (4.2 ± 1.2 %). Meanwhile, <em>Prochlorococcus</em> dominated both regions but contributed less in the SCTR (25.2 ± 3.9 %) than non-SCTR (46.8 ± 7.1 %). The biological macromolecular composition of POM showed clear regional differences, with lipid concentrations in the SCTR's photic layer significantly higher (61.3 μg L<sup>−1</sup>) than in the non-SCTR (23.4 μg L<sup>−1</sup>). Total biological macromolecule concentrations in the SCTR's photic zone was more than double that of the non-SCTR (96.3 μg L<sup>−1</sup> vs. 40.9 μg L<sup>−1</sup>), reflecting enhanced biological productivity. Elevated macromolecule concentrations were also detected in the aphotic layer of the SCTR. Notably, the less pronounced decline in the protein-to-carbohydrate ratio from photic to aphotic layers in the SCTR suggests that POM sinking to the deep ocean in this region is relatively fresher and less degraded, indicating a more efficient biological carbon pump and enhanced potential for carbon sequestration. These findings highlight the SCTR as a key region of elevated biological productivity and distinct environmental mechanisms driving biogeochemical cycling, providing critical insights into organic matter preservation and carbon export processes in tropical upwelling systems and their role in global marine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18219,"journal":{"name":"Marine Chemistry","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 104496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of the Mackenzie River plume dispersal on the dissolved barium concentrations in the upper Canada Basin waters
IF 3 3区 地球科学
Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104495
M. Gamrani , S. Zimmermann , W.J. Williams , C. Guéguen
{"title":"Influence of the Mackenzie River plume dispersal on the dissolved barium concentrations in the upper Canada Basin waters","authors":"M. Gamrani ,&nbsp;S. Zimmermann ,&nbsp;W.J. Williams ,&nbsp;C. Guéguen","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dissolved barium has been shown to have the potential to track river runoff in marine waters. In this study, the distribution of dissolved barium was determined in the upper 450 m waters of the Canada Basin along the Joint Ocean Ice Study 140°W transect in August/September 2019–2021. In these highly stratified Canada Basin waters, the dBa concentrations increased from 42.51 nmol kg<sup>−1</sup> in the Atlantic waters to 128.91 nmol kg<sup>−1</sup> in the polar mixed layer. The dispersal of Ba-rich surface waters found over the slope and outer shelves is attributed to the Mackenzie River plume. These waters were either confined nearshore with northwest winds (2019 and 2020) or entrained into the Beaufort Gyre interior under easterly winds (2021). In the subsurface layers, the vertical variation in barium concentration in the Pacific Winter Water and Atlantic Halocline waters showed evidence of mixing. Dissolved Ba dynamics provide a window into the complex interplay between physical, biological, and chemical processes in Arctic waters, making it a valuable tracer for understanding ocean circulation, nutrient transport, and ecosystem functioning in the rapidly changing Arctic region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18219,"journal":{"name":"Marine Chemistry","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 104495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carbonate and isotope chemistry in the outer Yellow River Estuary and beyond: Effects of flood and cold wave on interannnual variations in coastal stable carbon isotope
IF 3 3区 地球科学
Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104486
Zi-chen Liu , Wei-dong Zhai
{"title":"Carbonate and isotope chemistry in the outer Yellow River Estuary and beyond: Effects of flood and cold wave on interannnual variations in coastal stable carbon isotope","authors":"Zi-chen Liu ,&nbsp;Wei-dong Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marchem.2025.104486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stable carbon isotope composition (δ<sup>13</sup>C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) traces many biogeochemical processes in large river estuaries and adjacent coastal seas. To better understand the dynamics of DIC and its isotope composition (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub>) responding to floods and cold waves in the outer Yellow River Estuary and adjacent Laizhou Bay and central Bohai Sea, seven field surveys were conducted in summer and autumn of 2021 and 2022. Interannual variations in carbonate chemistry and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> were investigated. In the outer Yellow River Estuary, distributions of DIC and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> had little difference before and after an artificial flood, although water mixing dominates spatial variations of carbonate chemistry and stable isotopic composition in summer. The excess carbonate relative to a simplified two-endmember water-mixing was likely caused by the release of bicarbonate ions from the sediment and/or coastal wetlands over the Yellow River Estuary. In contrast, metabolic processes significantly affected the changes in DIC and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> in the adjacent central Bohai Sea. In 2022, δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> in Laizhou Bay was lighter than that in 2021, while δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> in the central Bohai Sea was heavier than that in 2021. This can be attributed to the wintertime super cold waves at the beginning of 2021 that affects the Bohai Sea and an unusual autumnal flood in 2021 that affects the Laizhou Bay. Both events make δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>DIC</sub> lighter (over half a year later) at given salinity with negligible changes in DIC concentrations. Our results also revealed that the lower reach of the Yellow River Estuary was a source of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> in summer. Although the quick transport of terrestrial nutrients caused by the artificial water-sediment regulation did not promote net community production soon, likely owing to high turbidity and relatively short residence time before our July cruises, the unusual autumnal flood likely transported much more nutrients into the Estuary and triggered algal blooms and turned it into a sink area of the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> in autumn. These findings provide fundamental information and new insights that support better understanding the complexity of the carbonate chemistry and isotope geochemistry dynamics in this ocean margin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18219,"journal":{"name":"Marine Chemistry","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 104486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advanced deep learning technique for estimating global surface ocean calcium carbonate saturation (Ωcal)
IF 3 3区 地球科学
Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104483
Ibrahim Shaik , P.V. Nagamani , Sandesh Yadav , Yash Manmode , G. Srinivasa Rao
{"title":"Advanced deep learning technique for estimating global surface ocean calcium carbonate saturation (Ωcal)","authors":"Ibrahim Shaik ,&nbsp;P.V. Nagamani ,&nbsp;Sandesh Yadav ,&nbsp;Yash Manmode ,&nbsp;G. Srinivasa Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate estimation of surface ocean calcium carbonate saturation (Ω<sub><em>cal</em></sub>) is crucial for understanding the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine ecosystems, particularly for calcifying organisms. This study investigates the estimation of global surface ocean Ω<sub><em>cal</em></sub> using machine learning (ML) models and satellite-derived data. Three ML models such as feed-forward neural networks (FFNN), random forests (RF), and Tabularnet (TabNet) were employed to estimate Ω<sub><em>cal</em></sub>, utilizing in-situ and satellite measurements of sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla). Among these, the TabNet model exhibited superior performance, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.39, mean relative error (MRE) of 0.019, mean normalized bias (MNB) of 0.0058 and coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.96. SST showed a strong positive correlation with Ω<sub><em>cal</em></sub> (<em>r</em> = 0.95), while SSS and Chla exhibited moderate positive (<em>r</em> = 0.49) and weak negative (<em>r</em> = −0.27) correlations, respectively. The study revealed significant spatiotemporal variability in Ω<sub><em>cal</em></sub>, driven by seasonal changes and ocean circulation patterns. Sensitivity analysis highlighted the robustness of the TabNet model, maintaining high predictive capability despite variations in SST, SSS, and Chla. The TabNet model high accuracy provides a valuable tool for monitoring and forecasting changes in ocean chemistry, informing conservation efforts and policy-making. This study emphasizes the importance of advanced ML models in marine science and their potential for enhancing our understanding of global oceanic processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18219,"journal":{"name":"Marine Chemistry","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 104483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Redox speciation of copper in the estuarine environment: Towards better understanding of copper water chemistry
IF 3 3区 地球科学
Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104471
Dora Crmarić, Saša Marcinek, Ana-Marija Cindrić, Dario Omanović, Elvira Bura-Nakić
{"title":"Redox speciation of copper in the estuarine environment: Towards better understanding of copper water chemistry","authors":"Dora Crmarić,&nbsp;Saša Marcinek,&nbsp;Ana-Marija Cindrić,&nbsp;Dario Omanović,&nbsp;Elvira Bura-Nakić","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An adapted solid-phase extraction method was used for Cu redox speciation in the dissolved fraction in the stratified Krka River estuary in March and July 2023 at a “clean” and a “polluted” site, while anodic stripping voltammetry in differential pulse mode was used for Cu determination in the Cu(I), Cu(II) and Cu<sub>T</sub> fractions. Overall, [Cu(I)]/[Cu<sub>T</sub>] was significant in the Krka River estuary and varied between 20.7 and 88.7 %. At the “clean” site E1, the surface maximum of [Cu(I)]/[Cu<sub>T</sub>] was observed in March. This was assumed to be related to the biological activity of the freshwater biota, as the temperature rose in March (compared to the previous winter months) and the salinity was low. On the other hand, at E1 in July, the maximum of [Cu(I)]/[Cu<sub>T</sub>] was observed at the halocline and corresponded to the highest biological production thus we hypothesised it to be the result of Cu(I) complexation with ligands of biological origin. The minimum of [Cu(I)]/[Cu<sub>T</sub>] was observed at the surface at E1 in July where terrestrial humic-like substances were present with higher affinity for Cu(II) than for Cu(I). At the “polluted site” E2 high [Cu(I)]/[Cu<sub>T</sub>] values were observed at both the surface and the halocline in March. However, [Cu(I)]/[Cu<sub>T</sub>] maximum was observed at the halocline at E2 in July and was associated with the highest biological production, as also observed at E1 in July. Nevertheless, the stabilisation of Cu(I) by chloride should not be disregarded as it maintained relatively high [Cu(I)]/[Cu<sub>T</sub>] in the seawater layer at both stations in March and July. The fluctuations in [Cu(I)]/[Cu<sub>T</sub>] occurred during the day at the surface at E2 in July, with the minimum of [Cu(I)]/[Cu<sub>T</sub>] observed in the early morning, followed by an increase in [Cu(I)]/[Cu<sub>T</sub>] during the day, indicating the importance of photochemical reactions in the Cu(I) formation and stabilisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18219,"journal":{"name":"Marine Chemistry","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 104471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
QUODcarb: A Bayesian solver for over-determined datasets of seawater carbon dioxide system chemistry
IF 3 3区 地球科学
Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104470
Marina Fennell, François Primeau
{"title":"QUODcarb: A Bayesian solver for over-determined datasets of seawater carbon dioxide system chemistry","authors":"Marina Fennell,&nbsp;François Primeau","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present QUODcarb, a new solver for the CO<sub>2</sub>-system in seawater, designed to handle any combination of system parameter measurements, whether exactly- or over-determined. QUODcarb, which stands for <strong>Q</strong>uantifying <strong>U</strong>ncertainty in an <strong>O</strong>ver-<strong>D</strong>etermined marine <strong>carb</strong>onate system, is formulated in terms of a Bayesian estimation problem. By combining prior thermodynamic information on the acid/base chemistry of CO<sub>2</sub> in seawater with measured parameters and their uncertainties, QUODcarb yields a probability distribution for the true CO<sub>2</sub>-system state of a water parcel from which estimates of all system parameters with associated uncertainties can be obtained. By providing a single best estimate for the true CO<sub>2</sub>-system state, QUODcarb enables a simplified, more accurate internal consistency analysis of the marine CO<sub>2</sub> system.</div><div>To demonstrate QUODcarb's utility, we analyze the GOMECC-3 dataset, that includes measurements of five CO<sub>2</sub>-system parameters. A key finding is that by analyzing these high-quality, over-determined measurements with QUODcarb, we can achieve the GOA-ON 1 % uncertainty goal for carbonate ion concentration, even when accounting for the propagated uncertainty in the dissociation constants – a level of accuracy unattainable with exactly determined calculations. Using a single internal consistency metric, we rank 26 alternative measurement combinations, finding that (pH, <span><math><mi>p</mi><msub><mi>CO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>) performs worst, while the combination with all five measurements performs best. Furthermore, the internally-consistent thermodynamic state estimates constrained by all five measurements fall within the range expected by the assumed measurement uncertainties for over 98 % of samples, with only minor adjustments to the dissociation constants, all of which remain within the reported uncertainties for their parameterized formulas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18219,"journal":{"name":"Marine Chemistry","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 104470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distribution, emission, and cycling processes of carbon monoxide in the tropical open ocean
IF 3 3区 地球科学
Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104482
Xuan Ji , Ming-Liang Zhao , Jie Ni , Gao-Bin Xu , Jing Zhang , Gui-Peng Yang
{"title":"Distribution, emission, and cycling processes of carbon monoxide in the tropical open ocean","authors":"Xuan Ji ,&nbsp;Ming-Liang Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Ni ,&nbsp;Gao-Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Gui-Peng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The carbon monoxide (CO) cycle in the marine mixed layer determines its emissions to the atmosphere and subsequently affects atmospheric chemistry and climate change. However, the contributions of oceanic CO transformation pathways and their impacting factors remain inadequately understood. Therefore, we investigated the distribution and cycle processes of CO in the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) and developed a CO budget model for the mixed layer. Surface seawater CO concentrations presented a diurnal variation due to periodic variations in solar radiation and rapid microbial consumption. The spatial distribution of CO in seawater was dominated by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and solar radiation. The EIO was a source of atmospheric CO and its daily CO emissions produced increases in the CO mixing ratio and hydroxyl radical consumption rate in the overlying atmosphere by 74.03 pptv and 6.48 pptv d<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Additionally, the budget model findings indicated that photoproduction (CDOM plus particulate organic matter), dark production, and phytoplankton emission accounted for about 67 %, 30 %, and 3 % of total CO production. The microbial consumption (94 %) and sea-air exchange (6 %) were the primary and secondary sink for CO within the mixed layer, respectively. Moreover, the photo-mineralization of dissolved organic carbon was estimated using CO as a proxy for CO<sub>2</sub> photoproduction. This study deepens our understanding of the oceanic CO cycle and the impact of photo-mineralization on the carbon cycle and is vital for refining global oceanic CO source-sink budgets and modelling studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18219,"journal":{"name":"Marine Chemistry","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 104482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Spatiotemporal variability in benthic-pelagic coupling on the Oregon-Washington Shelf” [Marine Chemistry Volume 268 (2025) Article number 104473]
IF 3 3区 地球科学
Marine Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2024.104485
Anna Hughes, Clare E. Reimers, Kristen E. Fogaren , Yvan Alleau
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