Medical Journal of Australia最新文献

{"title":"The costs and benefits of a prison needle and syringe program in Australia, 2025-30: a modelling study.","authors":"Farah Houdroge, Samantha Colledge-Frisby, Nadine Kronfli, Rebecca J Winter, Joanne Carson, Mark Stoove, Nick Scott","doi":"10.5694/mja2.52640","DOIUrl":"10.5694/mja2.52640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>24 March 2025: This article published in Early View in error. The article is under embargo and will republish on 21 April 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physician advocacy, international humanitarian law, and the protection of health care workers in conflict zones.","authors":"Irma Bilgrami, Christopher Guy, Vanessa Carnegie, Sandra Lussier","doi":"10.5694/mja2.52626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updating the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency in the era of routine ferritin testing of blood donors by Australian Red Cross Lifeblood.","authors":"Jason Abbott, Kirsten I Black, Elizabeth Marles","doi":"10.5694/mja2.52636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.5694/mja2.52639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52639","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A national perspective","authors":"Robert Oelrichs","doi":"10.5694/mja2.52624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52624","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Since 1914, when a Melbourne and a Sydney publication joined forces, Australia has had a national medical journal. The three perspective articles in today's issue of the &lt;i&gt;MJA&lt;/i&gt; exemplify the unique frame of reference that a national journal brings to the Australian medical community. Perspectives are short pieces that discuss current questions in health care practice and policy. Sometimes commissioned by the Journal, but usually welcomed as submissions, they always present an expert, individual analysis of a topic of interest to our readers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this issue of the &lt;i&gt;MJA&lt;/i&gt;, Clifford and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52605) discuss the looming threat posed by synthetic opioids such as nitazenes, and call for greater national preparedness. Nitazenes are a class of drugs that, since 2021, have become well established in the illicit drug market in Australia, and have been implicated in 17 deaths since 2021. The authors assess the national situation with regards to these drugs and conclude that “there are sufficient signals to consider preparedness for an increase in opioid-related harms”. Building on Australia's world-leading experience in harm reduction, they note that people with lived and living experience of drug use must be central to preparedness planning and responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wyber and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52590) review the fragility of our country's access to the essential drug benzathine benzylpenicillin G, and the threat this poses to the management of syphilis and the prevention of rheumatic heart disease. These diseases, as the authors note, disproportionately affect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, who in turn are affected by a lack of reliable supply of high quality benzathine benzylpenicillin G. There are global issues with supply because of fragmented manufacturing. In 2023–24, we saw how Australia was able to respond to a supply disruption. Although many organisations were involved in the response, the authors note the important action of the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations in disseminating key information that mitigated the effect of this disruption. They call for national strategic investment in domestically important products, including developing a sovereign manufacturing capability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abdi and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52608) guide the reader through a thoughtful consideration of the term “CALD” (culturally and linguistically diverse), the history of its use in our national discourse, and the hidden, potentially negative effects of language. They note that as Australia moves towards greater inclusivity, our language must evolve to encapsulate the richness and complexity of the experiences of multicultural communities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These perspectives each present a scholarly consideration of an issue of national importance, and through this Journal reach a national readership. Having lived and worked in countries where a national med","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"222 5","pages":"215"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.5694/mja2.52624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oral health care needs of people living in residential aged care, Australia, 2016–20: a retrospective cross-sectional study","authors":"Gillian E Caughey,&nbsp;Tracy Air,&nbsp;Miia Rahja,&nbsp;Maria C Inacio","doi":"10.5694/mja2.52625","DOIUrl":"10.5694/mja2.52625","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Providing high quality medical care for people living in residential aged care is a national challenge, and oral health care is one area that is inadequate.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; In 2014, 84.7% of residents in Victorian nursing homes had untreated dental decay;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; in 2015, 53% of Australians aged 65 years or older had periodontal disease and 19% complete tooth loss.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Poor oral health is associated with other adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and pneumonia.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety recommended that the access of aged care home residents to oral health practitioners be improved.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Apart from establishing the national Senior Dental Benefits Scheme and adding dental and oral health care to the Quality of Care Principles, evidence of effective action has, however, been limited.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We therefore estimated the incidence of oral and dental-related care needs and health service and medication use for aged care residents, analysing data for the national historical cohort of the Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA),&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 1 July 2016 – 30 June 2020. We included all 360 305 non-Indigenous residents of aged care homes aged 65 years or older who did not hold Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA) concession cards (access to Medicare Benefits Schedule [MBS] items is different for DVA card holders). Oral health information for 137 113 residents was based on the aged care eligibility assessments that have been conducted by the aged care eligibility assessment team since 1 July 2017. The assessment includes a mandatory question about problems with teeth, mouth, or dentures, including tooth loss, dental cavities, periodontal disease, and gingivitis (inflammation of the gums, dry mouth, tooth wear). We estimated crude and direct age- and sex-standardised (reference year: 2017–18 ROSA study cohort) cumulative incidence of hospitalisations with oral health or dental-related diagnoses as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), dental practitioner health service use (MBS data), and the dispensing of medications prescribed by public and private dentists (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Dental Schedule data), both overall and by financial year (Supporting Information, table 1). Hospitalisation analyses were limited by the availability of ROSA historical cohort data to aged care residents admitted to public hospitals in South Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria (private hospitals data are not available for South Australia). The study was approved by the University of South Australia human research ethics committee (200489), the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare ethics committee (EO2022/4/1376), the South Australian Department for Health and Wellbeing human research ethics committee (HREC/18/SAH/90), and the New South Wales Population a","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"222 6","pages":"318-320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.5694/mja2.52625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural safety, the LGBTQI+ community and international medical graduate training.","authors":"Cindy Towns, Charlene Rapsey, Rhea Liang","doi":"10.5694/mja2.52617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52617","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the gap in kidney disease: validating the reporting of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander identification in a clinical quality registry using linked data","authors":"Heather J Baldwin,&nbsp;Nicole De La Mata,&nbsp;Grant Sara,&nbsp;Faye McMillan,&nbsp;Brett Biles,&nbsp;Jianyun Wu,&nbsp;Paul Lawton,&nbsp;Stephen McDonald,&nbsp;Angela C Webster","doi":"10.5694/mja2.52613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52613","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the accuracy of the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA), the population-based clinical quality registry for people with kidney failure, in identifying Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Population-based cohort study of reporting accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>New South Wales, 2006–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Incident kidney failure patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main outcome measures</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sensitivity and specificity of identification of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people in ANZDATA compared with identification with Enhanced Reporting of Aboriginality (ERA) methods using linked health datasets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 11 708 patients, 693 (5.9%) were identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people using ERA methods, with 484 recognised in ANZDATA. Overall ANZDATA sensitivity was 67.0% (95% CI, 63.3–70.5%), with high specificity (99.8%; 95% CI, 99.7–99.9%). Sensitivity was lowest for males (63.8%; 95% CI, 58.7–68.6), people aged under 18 years (45.0%; 95% CI, 23.1–68.5%) or over 65 years (61.7%; 95% CI, 53.8–69.2%), and those with greater socio-economic advantage (56.6%; 95% CI, 46.6–66.2%), living in major cities (53.8%; 95% CI, 48.0–59.5%) and with no comorbidities (47.7%; 95% CI, 37.0–58.6%). Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people identified in ANZDATA had lower rates of waitlisting for kidney transplantation (17.8% <i>v</i> 25.3%; <i>P</i> = 0.016) and receiving a kidney transplant (12.2% <i>v</i> 23.1%; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and a higher rate of death (56.0% <i>v</i> 44.5%; <i>P</i> = 0.004) compared with those not recognised in ANZDATA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people were under-reported in ANZDATA. There were multiple biases in characteristics and outcomes for people identified in ANZDATA compared with those identified by ERA using linked data. This highlights the importance of data integration as a quality improvement mechanism and identifying barriers to disclosure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"222 5","pages":"240-248"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.5694/mja2.52613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of maternal and child health service data in Australia: how lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic can accelerate data-informed decision making.","authors":"Ashleigh Shipton, Meredith O'Connor, Melissa Wake, Sharon Goldfeld, Helen Lees, Catina Adams, Kristina Edvardsson, Leesa Hooker, Jatender Mohal, Rhiannon M Pilkington, Fiona K Mensah","doi":"10.5694/mja2.52630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dismantling barriers to research and clinical care for individuals with a vision impairment.","authors":"Eden G Robertson, Kate Hetherington, Meredith Prain, Julia Hall, Leighton Boyd Am, Rosemary Boyd Oam, Emily Shepard, Hollie Feller, Sally Karandrews, Fleur O'Hare, Kanae Yamamoto, Matthew P Simunovic, Robyn V Jamieson, Alan Ma, Lauren Ayton Am, Anai Gonzalez-Cordero","doi":"10.5694/mja2.52627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.52627","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}