Medical Journal of Australia最新文献

{"title":"Mending the Road: A Way Forward From Silence and Silencing.","authors":"Natalie Thurtle","doi":"10.5694/mja2.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary examines the cancellation of the author's keynote talk at a scientific conference in 2023, which referenced her work with Médecins Sans Frontières in Palestine. It evaluates challenges and perceived barriers to medical organisations and individuals speaking at the intersection of politics and health. As powerful bodies and individuals trained in rigorous interpretation of information and challenging communication, with a disproportionate amount of social and political capital, healthcare professionals and medical organisations should at least permit, and aspire to lead, a humane and nuanced discourse on current affairs that deeply impact health. Avoiding silence, and silencing of clinicians, can be an important contributor to humanisation, which intersects with the provision of equitable and safe access to health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"224 4","pages":"e70189"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Australia: An Additional Tool for Influenza Prevention.","authors":"Cyra Patel, Alexis Pillsbury, Tran Nguyen, Xia Wang, Helen E Quinn, Clayton K Chiu, Allen C Cheng, Katie L Flanagan, Zhicheng Wang","doi":"10.5694/mja2.70188","DOIUrl":"10.5694/mja2.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seasonal influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in Australia. Despite long-standing recommendations for influenza vaccination and nationally funded programs for higher risk age or population groups, coverage remains suboptimal, especially among children. Introduction of the intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in 2026 offers an additional safe and effective needle-free vaccine option. Easier administration may improve access by making delivery by a range of health care providers possible. This perspective article outlines the evidence supporting the use of the LAIV and its potential to improve vaccination uptake among children in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"224 4","pages":"e70188"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Economic Position and the Prevalence of Ten Chronic Diseases in Australia, 2021: A Whole of Population Census Data Analysis.","authors":"Mark Robinson, Gerry McCartney","doi":"10.5694/mja2.70191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.70191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"224 4","pages":"e70191"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesson From Practice: Not Gone, Should Not Be Forgotten: Recognising PIMS-TS Cases in a Post-Pandemic World.","authors":"Rana Sawires, Anneke Engwerda, Mehyar Khair Baik, Philip N Britton, David P Burgner","doi":"10.5694/mja2.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings and complications of severe paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS), also known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in a 16-year-old female diagnosed in June 2025. This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis of PIMS-TS in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era to ensure timely and appropriate management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"224 4","pages":"e70181"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advising Voluntary Assisted Dying Patients About the Option of Organ Donation: Ethical and Practical Considerations.","authors":"Leo Nunnink, Melanie Jansen, Fabian Jaramillo, Wade Stedman","doi":"10.5694/mja2.70187","DOIUrl":"10.5694/mja2.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voluntary assisted dying (VAD) provides a pathway to organ donation distinct from typical pathways requiring withdrawal of cardiorespiratory support. Patients considering VAD now have the option to be donors and benefit others through donation and transplantation. This is not widely known in the community. In this article, we consider the ethical issues in advising VAD patients about the option of organ donation. We balance patient autonomy against the risks of coercion and conflict of interest. All eligible patients should be advised about the option so they can make an informed decision. However, the timing and source of information are critical in ensuring that patients can make a well-considered, ethically sound choice. We propose a pathway for provision of information about organ donation for patients considering VAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"224 4","pages":"e70187"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Economic Position and the Prevalence of Ten Chronic Diseases in Australia, 2021: A Whole of Population Census Data Analysis.","authors":"Joanna Y Gong, Emily D Williams, Agus Salim, Spiros Fourlanos, Jonathan E Shaw, Dianna J Magliano","doi":"10.5694/mja2.70190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.70190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"224 4","pages":"e70190"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Economic Position and the Prevalence of Ten Chronic Diseases in Australia, 2021: A Whole of Population Census Data Analysis.","authors":"Fei Zhang, Zhong Wang","doi":"10.5694/mja2.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.70192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"224 4","pages":"e70192"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Cancer Elimination in Australia and the Asia Pacific: Progress and Barriers","authors":"Susan Yuill,&nbsp;Carol Naidu,&nbsp;Megan Smith,&nbsp;Deborah Bateson,&nbsp;Marion Saville,&nbsp;Boniface Damutalau,&nbsp;Karen Canfell","doi":"10.5694/mja2.70164","DOIUrl":"10.5694/mja2.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Australia has been at the forefront of innovation and implementation of cervical cancer control and is predicted to eliminate cervical cancer by 2035, the first country to achieve elimination using active measures. This is a result of Australia being an early adopter of universal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and early transition to a primary HPV-based cervical screening program. However, to ensure timely and equitable elimination, disparities in coverage among underserved populations must be addressed, and recent declines in vaccination and screening uptake must be reversed. Improved routine data linkages are required to ensure gaps in participation in subpopulations can be identified. Primary health providers have an important role in checking vaccination and screening status and offering vaccination catch-up or screening as appropriate. A universal option of self-collection of an HPV sample for all screen-eligible people has increased acceptability overall, but further innovative and flexible models of service delivery are required to ensure equitable access for all. Australia has also played an important role in cervical cancer control globally and was a co-sponsor of the 2020 World Health Assembly resolution to accelerate the global elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. In the Indo-Pacific region, regional frameworks have been developed to advance strategic actions to progress implementation of the global strategy. The Elimination Partnership in the Indo-Pacific for Cervical Cancer (EPICC), a major initiative supported by the Australian Government and the Minderoo Foundation, provides tailored support to countries, considering local needs and priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"224 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13036706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardising Gender and Sex Data Collection in Clinical Care and Research","authors":"Sav Zwickl,&nbsp;Ada S. Cheung","doi":"10.5694/mja2.70177","DOIUrl":"10.5694/mja2.70177","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We commend the &lt;i&gt;Medical Journal of Australia&lt;/i&gt; for its Special Issue on Gender and Health, which highlights persistent sex disparities in conditions, such as myocardial infarction and anxiety disorders and advances an evidence-based, person-centred approach to care for trans and gender diverse (trans) people [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. The article by Graham in this Special Issue of the &lt;i&gt;MJA&lt;/i&gt; clearly emphasises broader systemic limitations in electronic medical records, demographic data collection and health research design that obscure the influence of sex and gender on health outcomes [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Accurate and consistent demographic data are critical to identifying health needs and understanding how gender affects many conditions across the population [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Conflating sex and gender, or collecting only one of these variables, masks important differences between cisgender and trans people, who comprise around 0.9% of Australians aged over 16 years [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Gender-affirming hormone therapy may alter risk profiles for conditions with sex-linked patterns, such as cardiovascular, autoimmune, oncologic or neuropsychiatric conditions [&lt;span&gt;5-7&lt;/span&gt;], but without identifying trans people in research or clinical datasets, such effects cannot be studied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This approach improves accuracy, respondent acceptability and cross-system data linkage [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. Implementing this low-burden, high-impact change would enable meaningful inclusion of trans people in health research, strengthen the evidence base on the influence of sex and gender on health, enhance the scientific integrity of Australian data and inform targeted interventions to advance health equity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;National research policy now aligns with this approach: from 2026, National Health and Medical Research Council and Medical Research Future Fund applicants must demonstrate how sex and gender are considered and collected, ideally using the ABS 2020 Standard [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Embedding these requirements reflects the joint &lt;i&gt;Statement on Sex, Gender, Variations of Sex Characteristics and Sexual Orientation in Health and Medical Research&lt;/i&gt; and aims to strengthen the quality, reproducibility and equity of funded research [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;]. As current definitions of sex and gender reflect contemporary evidence and are shaped by social concepts, standardisation should be iterative and responsive to change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Standardising gender and sex data collection is an urgent and achievable step towards realising the vision of evidence-based, inclusive healthcare articulated throughout this Special Issue of the &lt;i&gt;MJA&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sav Zwickl:&lt;/b&gt; conceptualisation, writing – review and editing. &lt;b&gt;Ada S. Cheung:&lt;/b&gt; conceptualisation, writing – original draft. Both authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sav Zwickl was supported by a University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences Research Fellowship. A","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"224 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13036703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric Injuries and E-Mobility Devices: A Call for Regulatory Reform in Queensland","authors":"Thomas Bradley","doi":"10.5694/mja2.70173","DOIUrl":"10.5694/mja2.70173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18214,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Australia","volume":"224 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}