Marine Biological Journal最新文献

{"title":"Indicator benthic microalgae in assessment of the degree of organic water pollution on the example of Crimean coastal waters of the Sea of Azov","authors":"L. Ryabushko, A. Bondarenko, S. Barinova","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Data of the study of microphytobenthos of Crimean coastal waters of the Sea of Azov during 2005–2006, 2008–2011 and 2014 at 17 stations in the Sivash Gulf (East and West), Kamysh-Burunskaya Bay (Kerch) and bays of Kazantip Cape are given. Totally 200 taxa of microalgae belonging to 77 genera were found. Of these, 78 species – saprobity indicators, related to cyanobacteria (17 %) and diatoms (83 %), from 39 genera, for which bioindicative characteristics of organic water pollution are known, are used for the analysis of different ecotopes and regions. A leading place in microalgae flora belongs to a group of betamesosaprobionts (31 species) – indicators of moderate organic pollution, or of the III class of water quality with index of saprobity S = 2.0. The second place belongs to a group of oligosaprobionts (10 species), or of the II class of water quality, which is typical for natural clean waters with S = 1.0. According to the indicator of microalgae, there are no negative changes in the water quality in the regions. This indicates that anthropogenic impacts do not exceed the self-restoring potential of the marine ecosystems. However, the presence of the IV class of water quality indicators (17–21 %) in benthic communities indicates a constant flow of organic substances, which are gradually utilized by the living component of coastal ecosystems. The comparative data of the ratio of the Sea of Azov indicator microalgae species with those of other seas of moderate latitudes are discussed.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79839457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sevastopol Biological Station in 1945–1949","authors":"O. Mironov","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"Life, relationships and working conditions of employees of the Sevastopol Biological Station in the first five years after the war (1945–1949) are described.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88804826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying nauplial stages of the Black Sea copepods of Calanidae family in fish larvae guts","authors":"Yu. A. Zagorodnyaya, I. Vdodovich","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Nauplial stages of copepods are known to be the main food items for fish larvae. Their identification in fish larvae guts is usually a difficult task and a time-consuming procedure. Original approach to identification of larvae and juvenile fish common food items – nauplial stages of the Black Sea copepods of family Calanidae – is proposed. This work is a continuation of the initiated studies on the developing a method for determining the juvenile copepod stages from fish larvae guts. On the example of nauplial stage III of Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991, specific features that can be used in identifying nauplial stages of three species of the Black Sea copepods from fish larvae guts are shown.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84287035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the growth rate and elimination of certain phytoplankton species and populations in the Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea)","authors":"V. D. Tchmyr, R. I. Lee, M. I. Senicheva","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is determined by the key role of phytoplankton in the functioning of marine ecosystems, since unicellular algae carry out the primary production of organic matter in photosynthesis and form the first trophic link in the food chain. The tasks of the work are to determine the values of the net (apparent) growth rate of phytoplankton as a whole and of its constituent elements, including populations of certain species, and to study the possibility of estimating the rate of their actual growth and consumption based on regular short-period determinations of phytoplankton abundance and biomass in natural communities. For the determinations, we used both the previously obtained data of the decadal monitoring of the phytoplankton state in the coastal zone and the results of recent experiments. The decadal determinations performed during 2007 near the mouth of the Sevastopol Bay included measurements of phytoplankton abundance and biomass, as well as of chlorophyll a concentrations at intervals of several days, which made it possible to calculate the net specific biomass growth rate (apparent growth, k) according to its changes identified during this period. By comparing the abundance of certain species during short-period determinations, 29 values of the apparent growth were obtained for 9 mass species. The apparent growth, being the difference between actual growth and consumption, can be used to determine these values. Patterns linking the values of the apparent and actual growth of algae cells with their sizes were found in the experiments conducted by the dilution method. In our experiments, we adapted classical dilution method for the study of total phytoplankton to determine the functional parameters of certain species, which made it possible to find the linking patterns. Using the found patterns, we obtained 22 values of growth rate µ and consumption rate m for 7 mass phytoplankton species at the mouth of the Sevastopol Bay. Studies show that the growth rate of certain species of phytoplankton, whose cell volume is less then 1000 µm³, can reach values over 1 day−1. For algae with the cell volume exceeding 1500 µm³, the values of µ approach the values of k, and the values of m approach zero. For this group, the actual growth rate µ is taken to be equal to the apparent growth rate k, and the rate of consumption m is taken to be zero. In fact, in the natural population, small species are predominantly consumed in the upper illuminated layer, while the larger ones sink to the bottom or into deep horizons. This means that primarily phytoplankton populations with small cells are consumed, while populations with larger cells are not consumed. However, this conclusion is not consistent with the rates of apparent growth measured in situ, which include both positive and negative values for all populations, regardless of cell size. This contradiction is explained by the fact, that in the experiment, large cells dying off and sinking","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90273040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern state of the population of the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) (Pisces: Engraulidae) wintering off the coast of the Eastern Crimea and the North Caucasus","authors":"G. Zuyev","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) is one of the most abundant fish species in the Sea of Azov – Black Sea basin. Anchovy is the main commercial species in the region. In recent decades the share of anchovy catch has reached 80–85 %. The species is represented by two forms – Black Sea anchovy and Sea of Azov anchovy. One of the most important aims of modern research is to assess the state of anchovy population and to forecast its possible changes under the influence of various natural and anthropogenic factors. The results of studying the long-term (2010/11–2017/18) dynamics of the length-age structure and the intraspecific composition of anchovy wintering off the coast of the Eastern Crimea and the North Caucasus are presented. Totally 138 fish samples from trawl catches of fishing vessels were studied. Standard length of 44 202 specimens was measured with accuracy of 0.1 cm. The age of 1162 specimens was determined. Length-age key was compiled. The intraspecific identification of European anchovy was determined using otolith index (method of Skazkina). As indicators of the length-age structure, the average length and average age, distribution (number ratio of representatives of different length groups and age classes) were studied. Positive trends of the average length and the average age of anchovy were found, reflecting an increase of the proportion of large (> 9.5 cm) individuals in the population – three yearlings (2+) and four yearlings (3+). In the long-term plan the average length of the anchovy increased from 8.06 to 9.09 cm. At the same time the relative number of small (< 7.5 cm) individuals decreased almost 4 times (from 22.5 to 5.7 %), and the share of large individuals increased almost 6 times (from 5.7 to 33 %). The average age increased from 1.64 to 1.98 year. On the one hand, it was due to a nearly 3-fold reduction (from 7.1 to 2.6 %) in the relative number of young-of-the-year individuals (0+) and 1.5-fold reduction (from 72.6 to 47.7 %) of yearlings (1+). On the other hand, it was due to 2.4- and 4.3-fold increase in the relative number of three yearlings (2+) and four yearlings (3+), respectively. The appearance of abundant year class in 2013, 2014 and 2015 was the immediate reason of these changes. The intraspecific determination of the anchovy was found, Sea of Azov and Black Sea forms were identified. In the long-term plan their quantitative redistribution was shown. So, in 2010/11–2013/14 Sea of Azov form dominated in mixed wintering aggregations. Its average share was 58.5 %, with the share varying from 55 to 63 %. Average share of Black Sea form did not exceed 41.5 %, with the share varying from 37 to 45 %. However, in 2014/15 the number ratio of Sea of Azov and Black Sea forms changed to the opposite – with Black Sea anchovy dominating. Its share increased to 53 %, and in subsequent years ranged from 52 to 63 %, with average value of 56 %. The results obtained are in full accordance with the hypothesis of int","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78161183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroacoustic survey of benthic macro-vegetation in the protected offshore area of Cape Martyan (Crimea, Black Sea)","authors":"Yu. G. Artemov, S. Y. Sadogurskiy, Y. Plugatar, T. V. Belich, S. A. Sadogurskaya, D. B. Evtushenko","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"Survey of benthic macro-vegetation (BMV) was conducted within the marine part of the nature reserve “Cape Martyan” (the South Coast of Crimea) using hydrobotanical (contact) and hydroacoustic (remote sensing) methods. It clearly showed a fundamental possibility and efficiency of using mobile acoustic equipment based on the SeaCharter 480 DF echo sounder and specialized software WaveLens for detecting and studying general nature of BMV, as well as for identifying BMV boundaries, projective cover, height, etc. The method, including software, was adapted and tested to automatically determine the height of BMV from the sound backscatter profile. In good conformity with data of contact methods, the zonality of BMV distribution along the coastline with a propagation boundary limited by 10–12 m isobaths was shown using acoustic method. The total area of BMV is of about 0.39 km²; the maximum values of the projective cover reach 95–97 % at a depth of 2–3 m, but decrease to 50–70 % at greater depth boundary. It is established that the total stocks of sublittoral BMV reach 1431.3 tones, of which 99.6 % are in the community of Cystoseira. It is noted that cystoseires (Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, 1820 and Cystoseira crinita Duby, 1830) and seagrasses (Zostera marina Linnaeus, 1753 and Zostera noltei Hornemann, 1832), whose communities dominate the vegetation cover of the area, are strong sound scatterers due to high acoustic impedance between air containing in organs and tissues and seawater, which significantly increases the efficiency of detection and description of BMV. At depths of up to 32 m, unidentified bottom acoustic objects in the form of single or group targets up to 2–4 m were recorded at the lower boundary of the BMV; their nature is probably different and is due to the presence of methane seeps or dense accumulations of fish in the studied area. The attention is drawn that conducting a quantitative study of BMV using hydroacoustic methods reduces the negative transforming effect on the object of study, since it does not imply a significant removal of BMV, for example, during mapping. This is especially important in the conditions of nature reserve regime within the specially protected natural areas (SPNA). The study clearly showed the effectiveness of the joint use of contact and distance methods. The results of this study form the basis of the BMV hydroacoustic monitoring; they will be used to map vegetation cover and to determine algae abundance in the protected coastal-marine area near Cape Martyan and other aquatic SPNA.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87985755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex inversion in the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 under the influence of heavy metals","authors":"N. Chelyadina, M. Popov, N. Pospelova, L. Smirnova","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals may be one of the factors causing a change in sexual structure in the settlements of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. cultivated on the Sevastopol seaside. The aim of the work was to study the influence of Zn+2, Cd+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cu+2 ions on the sex inversion of cultivated mussels during spring post spawning of gonads. Chronic intoxication of female mussel at ion concentration of 2 MPC was carried out for a month in laboratory conditions. After 3 months of a natural experiment, the sex of each mollusc was individually examined by the method of visual study of gonad smears. The sex inversion of the females occurred under the influence of all heavy metals. The maximum shares of males were observed after the influence of Cu+2 and Pb+2 – 65 and 52 %, respectively. Both laboratory and natural experiments showed high toxic effect of Cu+2 and Hg+2 ions, with female mortality reaching 33 and 13 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74389207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief chronicle of A. O. Kovalevsky IBSS Department of Marine Sanitary Hydrobiology oceanic studies","authors":"O. G. Mironov","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"A brief overview of the work in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans in the period 1967–1988 is given. Data on the distribution patterns and abundance of microorganisms capable of using oil hydrocarbons as the single source of carbon and energy are given. The accumulation of oil hydrocarbons by marine organisms, the effect of thin suspension of deep-water (5000 m) bottom sediments and ferromanganese nodules on zooplankton, and the toxicity of artificial polymers for marine biota are discussed. The expediency of the resumption of similar work in the World Ocean in modern environmental conditions is expressed.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75400245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivation of the diatom algae Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus (Paulsen) Takano, 1968 as food for giant oyster larvae Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)","authors":"L. V. Ladygina, A. V. Pirkova","doi":"10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"An impact of modified nutrient media F/2 and Conway on the growth and biomass accumulation of the diatom algae Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus, which is a part of the food for cultivated larvae of the giant oyster Crassostrea gigas in the IMBR RAS nursery, was studied. Maximum values of cell and biomass concentrations were obtained on the modified F/2 nutrient medium (11.22 × 106 cells·ml-1 and 4.93 g·l-1, respectively), and they were much larger than those obtained on Conway medium. Growth parameters of C. calcitrans f. pumilus depended on the ratio of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as on the silicon content in nutrient media. The ratio N : P = 12.5 and the silicon concentration of 24 mg·l-1 in the modified F/2 nutrient medium are shown to be approaching the optimal ones for increasing growth rate of diatom algae. It is found that the microalga in concentration 150 × 103 cells·ml-1, cultivated on different nutrient media and included in food composition, has impact on the growth rate of giant oyster larvae. An average daily amount of growth of larvae, whose diet included algae cultivated on modified F/2 nutrient medium, was higher than that of larvae cultivated on Conway medium.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74688136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novorossiysk Biological Station named after Professor V. M. Arnoldi in 1927–1932","authors":"К. В. Русанов","doi":"10.21072/MBJ.2019.04.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21072/MBJ.2019.04.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of reports and memories, the history of the Novorossiysk Biological Station named after Professor V. M. Arnoldi in 1927–1932 is presented. In this period, the Station was headed by V. A. Vodyanitsky.","PeriodicalId":18191,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biological Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77107872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}