Latin American Economics eJournal最新文献_第3页

El microcrédito, elemento clave del desarrollo económico rural: un estudio de caso (Microcredit, a Key Element of Rural Economic Development: A Case Study) 小额信贷，农村经济发展的一个关键因素:一个案例研究

Latin American Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-12-27 DOI: 10.22430/24223182.1313

M. Orozco-Gutierrez

引用次数: 5

Can Communal Systems Work? The Effects of Communal Water Provision on Child Health in Peru 公共系统能奏效吗?秘鲁公共供水对儿童健康的影响

Latin American Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-12-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3296323

S. Iranzo, Joan Calzada

{"title":"Can Communal Systems Work? The Effects of Communal Water Provision on Child Health in Peru","authors":"S. Iranzo, Joan Calzada","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3296323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3296323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Communal water organizations are widespread in many areas of developing countries, where local governments lack the resources to offer a minimum quality water service. However, these organizations have their own resource limitations and they additionally face the well-known problems associated with collective action. It is therefore unclear how effectively they can provide safe water, and the evidence available thus far is mixed. This paper analyzes the communal water organizations in Peru known as Juntas Administrativas de Servicios de Saneamiento (JASS). Using detailed household survey data, we empirically assess the differential impact of the JASS vis-a-vis public systems on two water-related child health outcomes: diarrhea and low birth weight. Our identification strategy exploits the legislative changes introduced in the 2000s and the arbitrary cut-off to classify the administrative sub-units of Peruvian municipalities (districts) in order to achieve exogenous variation in the type of water provision. We find that child diarrhea and low birth weight are significantly lower for households served by JASS in the districts located in the first Inca settlements where the pre-Columbian tradition of communal work, called Minka, has survived over centuries. We also show that in those districts the JASS have better governance (existence of their own rules, higher participation and accountability and a greater ability to obtain external support). These findings confirm the hypothesis that social capital and traditions foster cooperation among community members and are in line with recent works showing the importance of historically developed institutions in building social capital. More generally, our results suggest that communal organizations are not a one-fits-all solution, but rather their success depends crucially on the existence of mechanisms for overcoming the problems associated with collective action and the active involvement of the community.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83442468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Argentinaâ€™S Â€Œmissing Capitalâ€� Puzzle and Limited Commitment Constraints 阿根廷<e:2> -™S Â - Œmissing资本<e:2> -困惑和有限的承诺约束

Latin American Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.24149/wp1815

Marek Kapicka, Finn E. Kydland, Carlos E. Zarazaga

{"title":"Argentinaâ€™S Â€Œmissing Capitalâ€� Puzzle and Limited Commitment Constraints","authors":"Marek Kapicka, Finn E. Kydland, Carlos E. Zarazaga","doi":"10.24149/wp1815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24149/wp1815","url":null,"abstract":"Capital accumulation in Argentina was slow in the 1990s, despite high total factor productivity (TFP) growth and low international interest rates. A possible explanation for the ?missing capital? is that foreign investors were reluctant to take advantage of the high returns to investment seemingly offered by that small open economy under such favorable conditions, on the grounds that previous historical developments had led them to perceive Argentina as a country prone to external debt ?opportunistic defaults.? The paper examines this conjecture from the perspective of an optimal contract between foreign lenders and a small open economy subject to limited commitment constraints. Numerical experiments for a deterministic version of that analytical framework show that limited commitment constraints introduce an asymmetry to the capital accumulation process of small open economies: the responses of investment to positive TFP shocks are muted and shortlived, while those to negative TFP shocks are large and persistent. Furthermore, under some circumstances, a lower international interest rate environment can magnify the asymmetry. A quantitative implementation of the model economy to data from Argentina accounts, in line with asymmetry just described, for the rapid decline that that country?s capital stock experienced, along with a falling TFP during the 1980s, as well as for the lack of any visible recovery of that stock during the significant surges of TFP observed between 1992-1998 and 2002-2008. In the absence of the limited commitment constraint, Argentina?s capital stock in 2008 would have been 50% higher than it actually was.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81468025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Health Consequences of Hazardous and Nonhazardous Child Labor 危险和非危险童工的健康后果

Latin American Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/rode.12571

A. Posso

{"title":"The Health Consequences of Hazardous and Nonhazardous Child Labor","authors":"A. Posso","doi":"10.1111/rode.12571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12571","url":null,"abstract":"The health consequences of child labor are ambiguous. On the one hand, heavy lifting, using dangerous tools and handling fertilizers may impact negatively on health. On the other, child labor could be used to achieve a minimal subsistence standard, without which the child could experience deteriorating health. Previous empirical studies are inconclusive because, until now, existing data sources could not disentangle between different activities performed by child workers. To establish how work is related to health, it is essential to know what activities are being performed. This study fills this gap with a unique child labor survey conducted in Peru in 2015. Child labor is classified into hazardous and nonhazardous activities. The econometric results suggest that children doing nonhazardous work are less likely to have health problems than nonworking children. Conversely, those that work in hazardous activities are potentially more likely to exhibit health concerns. A series of robustness tests confirm these findings. The results give impetus to the notion that child work increases total resources available for households, which can improve child health. Therefore, it is over and above this potential increment in resources that some hazardous activities worsen working children's health.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86393123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Assortative Matching or Exclusionary Hiring? The Impact of Firm Policies on Racial Wage Differences in Brazil 分类匹配还是排他性雇佣?企业政策对巴西种族工资差异的影响

Latin American Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.7916/D8-0106-PY10

David Card, F. Gérard, Lorenzo Lagos, Edson Severnini

{"title":"Assortative Matching or Exclusionary Hiring? The Impact of Firm Policies on Racial Wage Differences in Brazil","authors":"David Card, F. Gérard, Lorenzo Lagos, Edson Severnini","doi":"10.7916/D8-0106-PY10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7916/D8-0106-PY10","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of research shows that firms' employment and wage-setting policies contribute to wage inequality and pay disparities between groups. We measure the effects of these policies on racial pay differences in Brazil. We find that nonwhites are less likely to work at establishments that pay more to all race groups, a pattern that explains about 20% of the white-nonwhite wage gap for both genders. The pay premiums offered by different employers are also compressed for nonwhites relative to whites, contributing another 5% of the overall gap. We then ask how much of the under-representation of nonwhites at higher-paying workplaces is due to the selective skill mix at these establishments. Using a counterfactual based on the observed skill distribution at each establishment and the nonwhite shares in different skill groups in the local labor market, we conclude that assortative matching accounts for about two-thirds of the under-representation gap for both men and women. The remainder reflects an unexplained preference for white workers at higher-paying establishments. The wage losses associated with unexplained sorting and differential wage setting are largest for nonwhites with the highest levels of general skills, suggesting that the allocative costs of race-based preferences may be relatively large in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79243829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Mapping the Landscape of Transactions: The Governance of Business Relations in Latin America 绘制交易景观:拉丁美洲商业关系的治理

Latin American Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3378731

David C. Francis, Nona Karalashvili, Peter Murrell

引用次数: 3

Mitos Capitais (Myths) Mitos capital(神话)

Latin American Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3223395

José Afonso

引用次数: 0

The Value of Health Insurance: A Household Job Search Approach 健康保险的价值:一个家庭求职方法

Latin American Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.1920/WP.IFS.2018.2018

G. Conti, R. Narita, Rita Ginja

引用次数: 7

Efficient Labor Supply for Latin Families: Is the Intra-Household Bargaining Power Relevant? 拉丁家庭的有效劳动力供给:家庭内部议价能力是否相关?

Latin American Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3234218

J. Campaña, José Ignacio Giménez, J. Molina

引用次数: 12

A Nowcasting Model for the Growth Rate of Real GDP of Ecuador: Implementing a Time-Varying Intercept 厄瓜多尔实际GDP增长率的临近预测模型:实现时变截距

Latin American Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2018.044

Manuel González-Astudillo, Daniel Baquero

引用次数: 0