Managerial Finance最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of working capital management efficiency – a two-stage slack-based measure of data envelopment analysis","authors":"Himanshu Seth, Deepak Deepak, Namita Ruparel, Saurabh Chadha, Shivi Agarwal","doi":"10.1108/mf-08-2020-0432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-08-2020-0432","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study aims to assess the efficiency of managing working capital in 1,388 Indian manufacturing firms from 2008 to 2019 and investigate the effects of firm-specific and macro-level determinants on working capital management (WCM) efficiency.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The current study accommodates a slack-based measure (SBM) in data envelopment analysis (DEA) for computing WCM efficiency. Further, we implement a panel data fixed-effects model that controls for heterogeneity across firms in determining the relationships of selected variables with WCM efficiency.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results highlight that manufacturing firms operate at around 50 percent efficiency, which is constant throughout the study period. Furthermore, among the selected variables, yield, earnings, age, size, ability to create internal resources, interest rate and gross domestic product (GDP) significantly affect WCM efficiency.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Instead of the traditional models used for assessing efficiency, the SBM-DEA model is unit-invariant and monotone for slacks, implying that it can handle zero and negative data, which overcomes the incapability of prior DEA models. Hence, this provides accurate efficiency scores for robust analysis. Additionally, this paper provides a holistic working capital model recognizing firm-specific and macro-level determinants for a more explicit estimation of the relationship between WCM efficiency and the selected determinants.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":18140,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Finance","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140170951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing endogeneity in marginal revenue product estimates of shirking in Major League Baseball","authors":"Richard J. Paulsen","doi":"10.1108/mf-09-2023-0586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-09-2023-0586","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>While much of the literature testing for shirking by professional athletes have used performance metrics, some works have quantified shirking in dollar terms by comparing salary to estimated marginal revenue product (MRP). However, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approaches to measuring shirking by comparing salary to MRP have an endogeneity problem, as salary and contract length are determined simultaneously. We test for shirking in Major League Baseball (MLB) using an MRP approach, addressing this potential endogeneity.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This paper uses instrumental variables regression to address potential endogeneity using MLB season-level player and team data from 2010 to 2017.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Using OLS regression, the impact of an additional year of guaranteed contract on shirking is estimated at approximately $1m in 2010 US dollars, and the impact of having a long-term contract is estimated at $5m, estimates comparable to those in the literature. Using instrumental variables regression, these impacts increase to $1.6m and over $9m in 2010 dollars.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>Given large, causal shirking estimates, profit maximizing sports organizations should take caution when negotiating long-term contracts. These findings also have important implications for other labor market settings where workers feel job security.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>To our knowledge, this is the first work testing for shirking in sports using an MRP approach which uses instrumental variables regression to address potential endogeneity.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":18140,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Finance","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139978443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate governance and firm’s risk behavior: the moderating role of corporate social responsibility","authors":"Khurram Shahzad, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Ur Rehman","doi":"10.1108/mf-04-2023-0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-04-2023-0265","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study aims to examine the nexus of corporate governance with firms' financial risk-taking behavior under the corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures in the context of non-financial listed firms of an emerging economy.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance as evaluated by an index and several financial risks, including idiosyncratic, default and systematic risks. The connection of corporate governance with financial risks is also studied while considering the moderation of CSR disclosures. The data are collected from 2014 to 2018 of 73 top 100-index listed non-financial firms of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Panel regression fixed effect and 2-step generalized method of moments techniques are applied to confirm the hypothesis along with the diagnostic tests to confirm that all outcomes of models must be authentic and reliable.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The study’s findings confirm that enhancing the overall corporate governance measures resulted in an augment in the firm’s risk due to weak control and regulations prevailing in emerging economies. Moreover, CSR disclosures enhance stakeholder information, lessen information asymmetry about management policies and mitigate the risk associated with operational uncertainties.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>This study has a practical implementation to policymakers that effective monitoring and controlling measures facilitate the corporate management for minimizing the financial risks. Further, the study’s findings shed light that implementing corporate governance measures is not enough to mitigate financial risks until supervisory measures in the form of CSR disclosures are not taken to analyse corporate governance effectiveness.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This paper enhances the key findings in the literature by examining the role of corporate governance measures with respect to firms’ financial risks considering the moderating role of CSR disclosures. Furthermore, this research adds to the body of knowledge regarding the implementation of monitoring measures that assist in the mitigation of firms’ financial risks hence firm value.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":18140,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Finance","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139926819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining and measuring financial literacy in the Indian context: a systematic literature review","authors":"T.P. Arjun, Rameshkumar Subramanian","doi":"10.1108/mf-08-2022-0358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-08-2022-0358","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This paper aims to analyse how financial literacy (FL) is conceptualised and operationalised in the Indian context.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Thirty-six articles published between 2010 and 2020 were considered for analysis. The FL conceptualisation was examined based on knowledge, ability, skill, attitude and confidence elements. The FL operationalisation was analysed using the modified version of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 model for organising the domain for an assessment framework.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The findings indicate that, despite offering operationalisation details of the FL, 13 out of 36 studies did not include a conceptual definition of FL. Of the 23 studies that mentioned a conceptual definition, 87% are primarily focused on the “knowledge” element and only 39% have combined knowledge, ability/skill and attitude elements in defining FL. As in the developed countries, the Indian studies also preferred investment/saving-related contents in their FL measures. The volume of content focusing on the financial landscape is meagre amongst the FL measures used in India and developed countries. The survey instruments of most studies have been designed in the individuals’ context but have failed to measure the extent to which individuals apply the knowledge in performing their day-to-day financial transactions. Further, it was found that 20 out of 36 studies did not convert the FL level of their target groups into a single indicator or operational value.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that explores the FL’s assessment practices in India. Further, this study offers new insights by comparing the contents of FL measures used in Indian studies with those used in developed countries.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":18140,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Finance","volume":"75 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139677551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the Sell in May effect be enhanced by a size tilt?","authors":"Kobana Abukari, Erin Oldford, Vijay Jog","doi":"10.1108/mf-02-2023-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-02-2023-0111","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The authors evaluate the Sell in May effect in the Canadian context to comprehensively explore the Sell in May effect as well as its interactions with the size effect and risk and with multiple indices.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The authors use ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions to examine the Sell in May effect and Huber M-estimation to handle potential outliers. They also use the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models to explore the role of risk in the Sell in May effect.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The results demonstrate that the Sell in May effect is present in all three main Canadian stock market indices. More telling, the anomaly is strongest in small cap indices and in indices that give equal weighting to small and large cap stocks. They do not find that the effect is driven by risk.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>While several papers have explored the Sell in May phenomenon in several countries, little scholarly attention has been paid to this effect in Canada and to its interaction with the size effect. The authors contribute to the literature by examining of the interactions between Sell in May and the size effect in Canada. They examine the Sell in May effect using CFMRC value-weighted and equally weighted indices of all Canadian companies. They also incorporate in their analysis the role of risk.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":18140,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Finance","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139677571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CSR inequality, managerial myopia and hostile takeover threats","authors":"Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard, Pandej Chintrakarn, Pornsit Jiraporn, Weerapong Kitiwong, Sirithida Chaivisuttangkun","doi":"10.1108/mf-07-2023-0429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-07-2023-0429","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Exploiting a novel measure of hostile takeover exposure primarily based on the staggered adoption of state legislations, we explore a crucial, albeit largely overlooked, aspect of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In particular, we investigate CSR inequality, which is the inequality across different CSR categories. Higher inequality suggests a less balanced, more lopsided, CSR policy.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>In addition to the standard regression analysis, we perform several robustness checks including propensity score matching, entropy balancing and an instrumental-variable analysis.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Our results show that more takeover exposure exacerbates CSR inequality. Specifically, a rise in takeover vulnerability by one standard deviation results in an increase in CSR inequality by 4.53–5.40%. The findings support the managerial myopia hypothesis, where myopic managers promote some CSR activities that are useful to them in the short run more than others, leading to higher CSR inequality.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Our study is the first to exploit a unique measure of takeover vulnerability to investigate the impact of takeover threats on CSR inequality, which is an important aspect of CSR that is largely overlooked in the literature. We aptly fill this void in the literature.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":18140,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Finance","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of dynamic working capital management on operational efficiency: empirical evidence from Scandinavia","authors":"Samuel Yeboah, Frode Kjærland","doi":"10.1108/mf-09-2023-0582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-09-2023-0582","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Consumer goods firms often tie up inventory and accounts receivable resources, creating cost and liquidity issues. Dynamic working capital management (DWCM) can mitigate these concerns and enhance operational profitability. The study investigates DWCM's impact on operational efficiency (OE).</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The empirical estimation uses pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), random effect and system generalized method moments (GMM) regression analysis of consumer goods firms in Scandinavia from 2005 to 2022 to present the results.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The findings indicate that DWCM has an inverse relationship with operating cost, while positively impacting operating profit. The final outcome demonstrates that DWCM enhances OE. Furthermore, the working capital ratio (WCR) consistently exceeds the cash conversion cycle (CCC) in all models, indicating that prudent management of cash in accounts receivable, inventory and accounts payable leads to higher cost savings and superior performance.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>The results suggest that organizations that prioritize the management of the absolute cash committed to inventory, receivables and payables as much as the CCC experience improved OE.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This paper adds to the literature on how DWCM affects OE in the consumer goods sector. It also highlights the impact of time management and cash management in WCM on OE. Additionally, it analyzes how DWCM variables affect operating costs and profits, shedding light on their efficiency impact.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":18140,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Finance","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing sentiment and sentiment shock in stock returns","authors":"Qiang Bu, Jeffrey Forrest","doi":"10.1108/mf-04-2023-0226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-04-2023-0226","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The authors compare sentiment level with sentiment shock from different angles to determine which measure better captures the relationship between sentiment and stock returns.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This paper examines the relationship between investor sentiment and contemporaneous stock returns. It also proposes a model of systems science to explain the empirical findings.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The authors find that sentiment shock has a higher explanatory power on stock returns than sentiment itself, and sentiment shock beta exhibits a much higher statistical significance than sentiment beta. Compared with sentiment level, sentiment shock has a more robust linkage to the market factors and the sentiment shock is more responsive to stock returns.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This is the first study to compare sentiment level and sentiment shock. It concludes that sentiment shock is a better indicator of the relationship between investor sentiment and contemporary stock returns.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":18140,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Finance","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating nexus between corporate re-branding and stock market performance: a study of Indian service sector","authors":"Pushpanjali Kaul, Sangeeta Arora","doi":"10.1108/mf-05-2023-0275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-05-2023-0275","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The present study, by using signaling perspective aims to investigate short-term valuation impact of rebranding announcements (with name change) on stock performance of 160 service firms listed on NSE NIFTY-500 over the period of 2000–2019.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>An event study methodology is used to estimate the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) and its statistical significance is tested with both parametric and non-parametric test-statistics. Separate analysis has been conducted for firms with “major vs minor” and “restructuring vs non-restructuring” name change.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Findings of the study suggest that rebranding decisions are negatively associated with abnormal returns around the announcement period indicating strong disapproval of name change event. In addition, investors formed strong adverse opinion for major name change firms as compared to minor name change firms. Further, restructured name change sample document larger negative drift than non-restructured sample.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>Findings offer substantial repercussions for shareholders who can make informed judgments about name change as a signal of reinventing brand identity. Managers should announce detailed rationale behind name change decision to market for enhancing corporate reputation.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This study contributes to marketing-finance interface literature and is first to examine market reaction to name change of Indian service firms and moreover, made a distinction between major vs minor and restructured vs non-restructured name change events for these firms.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":18140,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Finance","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139421158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating role of capital on deposit insurance and financial stability: evidence from Islamic and conventional banks","authors":"Houssem Ben-Ammar","doi":"10.1108/mf-02-2023-0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-02-2023-0075","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study aims to evaluate the interaction between bank capital and explicit deposit insurance scheme (DIS) on the financial stability of Islamic and conventional banks.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The author's sample covers 52 Islamic and 108 conventional banks operating in 12 countries over the period 2000–2021 using the random-effects generalized least squares (RE-GLS) regression technique.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The author's results reveal that bank capital negatively mediates the relationship between explicit DIS and the financial stability of both Islamic and conventional banks. Additionally, explicit DIS has a positive impact on the financial stability of conventional banks. However, the results are mixed for Islamic banks, as the effect of explicit DIS is positive for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region but negative for the South and Southeast Asia (SSA) region. Finally, the interaction between explicit DIS and the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative effect on conventional banks operating in the MENA region, while it has a positive effect on Islamic banks operating in the SSA region.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>The findings of this paper have important implications for regulators in evaluating DIS policies and in anticipating any potential adverse consequences that might arise for both Islamic and conventional banks in normal and crisis times. Policymakers should strive to preserve the benefits of DIS while mitigating the destabilizing effects of its interaction with capital ratios.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This study introduces a novel aspect by examining the mediating role of capital in the relationship between explicit DIS and the financial stability of Islamic and conventional banks.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":18140,"journal":{"name":"Managerial Finance","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}