Lighting Research & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Towards smart spaces","authors":"P. Thorns","doi":"10.1177/14771535221142639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221142639","url":null,"abstract":"There is a trend towards smart buildings, smart cities and smart everything else. This is generally a good direction of travel, as there is the potential to save significant amounts of energy while at the same time creating better, more useful spaces for people. Using energy to light a space poorly is always a waste, no matter how low energy the lighting installation may be. Occupants will not enjoy the space and will not operate efficiently within it. Using the minimum energy required to correctly light a space is a more efficient use of energy, and smartness has the potential to facilitate this. However smartness comes with a caveat or two.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79523651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualising innovative lighting interventions for suicide, trespass and risky behaviour on the railway","authors":"MJ Hallewell, B. Ryan, N. Hughes, N. Coad","doi":"10.1177/14771535221135226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221135226","url":null,"abstract":"Three behaviour types – suicide, trespass and risky behaviours, which can result in entry to railway tracks – present an ongoing challenge to the rail industry for fatality prevention. Many preventative interventions exist, operating at different stages in the timeline of a person’s decision to access the tracks to the point that they have entered and remain in the track area. However, there is little understanding of the impacts of interventions on the behaviours in question. This paper outlines the generation of the functional requirements for the use of lighting as safety interventions, which can contribute towards the development and evaluation of such interventions. The study includes the analysis of literature on how lighting has been used to date in the prevention of suicide, trespass and other risky behaviour on railway property. Interviews were carried out with 13 key stakeholders who have expertise in the behaviours in question and awareness of the range of safety interventions used in practice in railway settings. The analysis explores how lighting can be used to influence these different behaviour types. Functionalities that are both theoretically and empirically promising are identified. These functionalities include the need for reactive environmental changes, novelty, ability to influence decision-making and ability to support a human response, for example, through highlighting to staff when someone has entered the tracks. These functionalities offer developers a framework for developing (and subsequently evaluating) a range of novel intervention technologies, which could highlight specific lighting properties that could influence behaviour.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"136 1","pages":"79 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76382474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of light exposure to sleep outcomes among office workers. Part 1: Working in the office versus at home before and during the COVID-pandemic","authors":"M. Aries, G. Fischl, A. Lowden, F. Beute","doi":"10.1177/14771535221136096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221136096","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between everyday light exposure and sleep was studied for office workers. The study was conducted during the upswing of the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling a comparison between Office and Home Workdays. Fifteen full-time office employees were monitored for a period of 4–6 weeks. They wore a light-tracking device on their clothes and had a sleep tracker at home. Compared to an Office Workday, light exposure was lower in the afternoon and total sleep time was almost 5 minutes longer on a Home Workday. Sleep efficiency was the same on both workday types. A higher median illuminance level in the afternoon was significantly related to later sleep onset on an Office Workday. Higher median illuminance levels in the morning were related to earlier awakening. Counter to expectations, higher light levels in the evening were also related to earlier awakening. Everyday light exposure matters for sleep quality but may affect circadian functioning differently than the often more extreme light interventions employed in laboratory experiments. Moreover, differences in outcomes between Office and Home Workdays signal the need for further investigation to provide supportive light levels during workhours.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79092359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effect of pavement reflection and photometric properties on road lighting performance","authors":"H. Li, N. Xie, J. Harvey, J. Liu, H. Zhang, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.1177/14771535221135208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221135208","url":null,"abstract":"The reflection properties of pavement have an impact on the lit environment and thus upon drivers’ vision and comfort and the energy consumption of the lighting installation. The reflection properties combine diffuse and specular components. The specular reflection component changes with different materials: it also changes when the surface is wet, although this is sometimes ignored in lighting design. This study used simulation (DIALux 4.13) to investigate the effect on lighting parameters (luminance, overall uniformity, longitudinal uniformity and threshold increment (TI)) of changes in pavement reflection properties using different pavement materials and under dry and wet conditions. Furthermore, comparison of lighting parameters was made with different road lighting arrangements. The results show that an increase in the specular reflection component leads to an increase in luminance and a decrease in uniformity. Of the surfaces investigated, the porous pavement had the lower luminance but better uniformity. Arranging the lighting installation based on the extreme wettest condition could make luminance and uniformity rise but with an increase of 2–2.5 kWh/m2 annual energy consumption. When trying to control glare problems during design process, it is suggested that uniformity cannot be neglected except the TI.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"170 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81012186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Daylight – time it was history","authors":"J. Mardaljevic","doi":"10.1177/14771535221136976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221136976","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"747 - 747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75331849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence: A panoramic light meter","authors":"K. Cuttle","doi":"10.1177/14771535221136988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221136988","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of papers chosen for issue 54(7) of Lighting Research and Technology leads me to suggest that we are on the verge of a breakthrough that has the potential to transform how practitioners make use of measurement to relate lighting technology to its applications. This has arisen because several companies have recently introduced 360-degree panoramic cameras which comprise a pair of backto-back 180-degree digital cameras in a compact device. Such a camera can be mounted on a tripod to produce a high dynamic range image of the entire three-dimensional (3-D) field, and this image can be downloaded as a single file to a screen device, such as a laptop or phone, for a range of viewing options. The two papers in that issue by Li and Cai1,2 introduce a procedure by which a practitioner can use an illuminance meter, or better a luminance meter, to calibrate such a camera to generate panoramic luminance files that can be linked to Radiance software to enable direct measurement of metrics such as relative visual performance or unified glare rating. The ability to measure such aspects of lighting in actual applications, which could include variations of sunlight and daylight, has the potential to transform the enforcement lighting standards in workplaces. But that would be just the start. Practitioners would be able to routinely examine how the 3-D light field influences the appearance of lit objects, which might range from 3-D work tasks to peoples’ facial features, and to explore how the differences of appearance may be described in terms of flow of light concepts, such as modelling or 3-D lighting patterns that may be specified by vector and scalar illumination metrics.3 Furthermore, the technique devised by James Duff and his colleagues4 for separating the direct and indirect flux fields could be applied to enable ambient illuminance at a measurement point to be recorded in terms of mean indirect cubic illuminance,5 or for the mean room surface exitance3 for an indoor space to be readily determined. Practitioners would be able to assess the role of lighting diversity (as opposed to uniformity) for achieving controlled distributions of visual emphasis for selected target objects, and to specify distributions of target/ambient illuminance ratio3 values for application in lighting projects using the Lighting Design Objectives (LiDOs) Procedure.3 Lighting standards specified in terms of ambient illuminance would be enforceable, and a whole range of LiDOs that practitioners might choose to specify for specific applications would become verifiable. This development in camera technology could lead to the prime objective of lighting practice switching from imparting visibility to tasks to creating luminous environments for people to respond to a distinct step closer.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"829 - 830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84176347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An introduction to LiDOs","authors":"K. Cuttle","doi":"10.1177/14771535221132885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221132885","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"628 - 629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85989102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating mean room surface exitance values for office lighting","authors":"A. Durante, K. Kelly","doi":"10.1177/14771535211044665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535211044665","url":null,"abstract":"Mean room surface exitance (MRSE) is a metric proposed to assess lighting quantity within a new design methodology focused on ambient and target illumination. This research builds upon findings from previous research examining the suitability of MRSE as a metric for assessing ambient illumination brightness levels and illumination adequacy for offices. An experiment was conducted to investigate a finding from previous studies that a linear relationship existed between perceived adequacy of illumination (PAI) and MRSE. It was found that the relationship diverges from linear once the scale of MRSE values is extended above the 100 lm/m2. This study also suggests a relationship between spatial brightness and MRSE for an extended range of MRSE values up to 1400 lm/m2. The findings from this research provide insight into a tentative range of MRSE levels that may be suitable for an office environment.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"71 1","pages":"657 - 673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81848547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In praise of persistence","authors":"P. Boyce","doi":"10.1177/14771535221132881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221132881","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of Lighting Research and Technology is devoted to the theme of ambient lighting, a topic driven largely by the work of Kit Cuttle. In my opinion, Kit Cuttle has been one of the foremost thinkers and educators in lighting for more than 50 years. I first met Kit in 1967, at the time he was working on the flow of light from windows, a topic that led to the concept of vector/ scalar ratio as a metric for modelling, one of the first attempts to quantify lighting characteristics beyond planar illuminance. In 1976, he emigrated to New Zealand, where he joined the Wellington Victoria University School of Architecture and thus began his career in lighting education, a career that has included teaching at the Lighting Research Center and at the University of Auckland and from which many students have benefited. Teaching has been one of Kit’s strengths. This is because he sees it as a two-way process. The students learn from him and he learns from the students. One thing that became apparent to him when teaching the design process was that students tended to adopt a technology-first approach. To Kit, this was wrong. He has always advocated that the first question to be addressed in any lighting design is what do you want to see? As a result, he has developed a series of simple devices for demonstrating the way in which the reflection characteristics of 3D objects and the luminous flux distribution around them interact to create a shadow pattern, a highlight pattern and a shading pattern. These are well explained in his book Lighting by Design. But this was not enough for him. The bigger question is: How can such knowledge be incorporated into a design method? The problem Kit identified is that conventional lighting design is dominated by the lumen method, a method that encourages a technology-first approach and that inevitably leads to a regular array of luminaires providing uniform illumination. Over the last decade, he has sought to change the primary function of interior lighting from lighting the task to lighting the space, from task lighting to ambient lighting. To achieve this calls for a new design method based on first stating what the lighting objectives are and then determining the luminous flux distribution needed to achieve those objectives. It is only at this point that the technology to be used is selected. The potential impact of this Lighting Objectives Design Procedure on lighting practice is huge. How has he achieved so much? I believe the answer is primarily through persistence, but also through openness and ingenuity. Throughout his career, he has persisted in thinking about how to make lighting better. Furthermore, he is open with his time and thoughts. He has a gift for listening, for observation and for asking significant questions. Finally, he is an ingenious fellow who can create thought experiments, develop devices and create systematic design procedures. The world of lighting has been lucky to have him.","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"170 1","pages":"630 - 630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77934354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence: A practical method for field measurement of mean room surface exitance","authors":"C. Cuttle","doi":"10.1177/14771535221123624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535221123624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18133,"journal":{"name":"Lighting Research & Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"690 - 693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78256354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}