Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of biochars produced from the gasification of Pinus patula pellets and chips as soil amendments","authors":"J. Gutiérrez, A. Rubio-Clemente, Juan F. Pérez","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100449","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, biochar (BC), a co-product of the fixed bed gasification process of Pinus patula wood pellets (PL) and chips (CH), was characterized as soil amendment. The physicochemical properties and the mineral content of the pellet’s biochar (PL-BC) and the chips biochar (CH-BC) were analyzed following the NTC5167 Colombian technical standard. The BET surface area values of the BCs were 367,33 m 2 /g and 233,56 m 2 /g for the PL-BC and the CH-BC, respectively, and the pore volume was 0,20 cm 3 /g for the PL-BC and 0,13 cm 3 /g for the CH-BC. These characteristics favor the increase of the BCs water-holding capacity (WHC). Properties such as the pH (8,8-9,0), the WHC (219 %-186,4 %), the total organic carbon (33,8 %-23,9 %), the metalloid presence (Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Al, Si, and Fe), and the ash (1,92wt % - 2,74 wt %) and moisture contents (11,13wt %-11,63 wt %) for both BCs were found to be within the limits set by the standard. Furthermore, the presence of micro and macronutrients, such as Fe and phosphorus (P), and the alkaline pH, make possible the use of these BCs as amendments for acid soils.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76810537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent pulping from sorghum stalks","authors":"S. K. Gülsoy, Aysun Küçüle, A. Gençer","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100450","url":null,"abstract":"Deep eutectic solvents are characterized as natural, green, biodegradable, non-flammable, non-volatile, non-toxic, odorless, colorless, easy to prepare, and easy to recycle after use. They present an opportunity to introduce new techniques for the pulping process. This study investigated the possibility of using a green deep eutectic solvents from sorghum stalks for pulp and paper production. Choline chloride/ethylene glycol was used in the preparation of eutectic mixtures in molar ratios of 4/10, 5/10, and 6/10. These eutectic mixtures were then applied as cooking liquor to sorghum stalks at two different cooking times (140 and 160 minutes). In addition, the traditional pulping methods of soda and kraft cookings were carried out using sorghum stalks and the pulps were compared with the deep eutectic solvents pulps. The results showed that the pulp produc - tion using deep eutectic solvents was accomplished successfully. Some properties of deep eutectic solvents pulps were comparable to those of the soda and kraft pulps. deep eutectic solvents can play an essential role in cleaner pulp production.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85957376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of thermal performances of plywood shear walls produced with different thermal insulation materials","authors":"Abdullah Uğur Birinci, M. C. Area, Aydin Demir, H. Ozturk","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100446","url":null,"abstract":"Shear walls are one of the envelopes of light-frame wooden buildings where thermal insulation is most required. The thermal performance of shear walls can vary according to the type, properties and thickness of the wood and insulation materials used in their production. This study, it was aimed to compare the thermal performances of plywood shear walls produced with different thermal insulation materials. For this aim, the archetype walls with properties similar to commonly used plywood shear walls were designed and produced for each thermal insulation material type and wood specie. The shear wall groups were formed by using Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ), black pine ( Pinus nigra ) and spruce ( Picea orientalis ) as wood species and cellulose, flax, felt, XPS, EPS, sheep’s, rock and glass wool as thermal insulation materials. The thermal conductivity of the shear wall groups was determined according standard. Thermal resistance and other thermal performance parameters were calculated using the thermal conductivity values. As a result of the study, rock wool was the best thermal insulation material among the Scots pine shear wall groups while glass wool was the best thermal insulation material among the black pine and spruce shear wall groups. The shear walls produced with EPS foam boards indicated the worst thermal performance among all groups","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"259 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77101943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural durability of five tropical wood species in field decay tests","authors":"Felipe Gomes Batista, R. Melo, D. T. Medeiros, P. J. Lopes, D. Gatto","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100451","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring the natural resistance of wood is fundamental for proper use. The natural durability of five tropical wood species was investigated by field decay testing during exposure for 360 days. Wood logs (length of 0,5 m; diameter of 8 cm - 12 cm) were used in this study. The mass loss and decay index were calculated and visual analysis during the exposure time was performed for all samples. The samples presented evidence of two different groups concerning natural durability. The species in the first group ( Mimosa caesalpiniifolia , Mimosa ophthalmocentra , and Mimosa tenuiflora ) showed the highest resistance to biodeterioration, better or similar performance compared to treated Eucalypts wood (as control). The other group ( Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Cordia oncocalyx ) had lower natural resistance in outdoor service, being more susceptible to decay. In general, the wood of the first group is indicated for outdoor uses that require medium or prolonged exposure, such as timber stakes and fence posts.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76504217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical constituents of palm wastes slow pyrolysis derived vinegar","authors":"G. Ebrahimi, A. Shakeri, Peyman Ahmadi, M. Dalvand, Masuod Shafie, H. Z. Hosseinabadi","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100447","url":null,"abstract":"Out of rachis and stem of palm tree from grooves in humid and dry zones, test materials were randomly collected and chipped for slow pyrolysis process. Chemical constituents of a set of pyrolysis derived vinegar were identified in their aqueous phase by gas chromatograph and quantitatively compared in sampled parts of sampled tree and grooves. Another set of vinegar was dewatered by dichloromethane, then their constituents were identified by gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer, chemical constituents in aqueous state in both sampled grooves were the same but with different percentage values. In the organic phase, common chemical constituents of sampled parts and grooves were quantitatively compared. In humid zone rachis was 2,22 times richer in acetic acid and 2,37 times in phenol, but in dry zone stem is richer in acetic acid by 15,35 %. In their organic phases dominant and comparable chemicals of stem and rachis from sampled zone were furfural, phenol, benzic acid, 5-methyl-2- furancarboraldehyde, butanic acid and 2-methyl-phenol. Stem from dry zone was richer in these chemicals by 36,55 %; 96,93 %; 6,37 times, 62,05; 49; 32,57 % respectively. Rachis of humid zone contained more furfural, 63,95 %, 22,08 %, 2-methyl-phenol, but that of dry zone was richer in phenol by 46,20 %, 2,5 times in benzoic acid. Results from both phases of vinegar indicate that ecological impacts on the chemical constituents of palm from the same species are evident.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82076048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto del ángulo microfibrilar en las características tecnológicas de la madera de Pinus pseudostrobus var. apulcensis","authors":"Jahaziel Saucedo-Ibarra, M. C. Area, A. L. Rosa, José Tarcísio-Lima, Alejandro Corona-Ambríz, Roberto Machuca-Velasco","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100448","url":null,"abstract":"Microfibril angle (MFA) is the inclination of the cellulose microfibrils within the cell wall relative to the vertical axis of the cell. This characteristic contributes to explaining the variations in the physical and mechanical properties of processed wood and fiber. Pinus pseudostrobus var. apulcensis is a forest species na tive to Mexico with great economic and industrial importance. 10 healthy trees of this species were randomly selected on a plantation in Texcoco, Mexico, and from each tree a core was extracted at 1,30 m stem height. Microfibril angle, basic density (BD), tracheid length (TL) and volumetric contraction (VC) were measured in order to determine the effect of MFA on said technological characteristics in this wood. An average MFA of 28,8 ° was obtained; Average BD of 430 kg/m 3 ; Average TL of 3516 µm and an average VC of 10,3 %. Gen eralized additive models (GAM) were adjusted between the MFA as the explanatory variable and each of the three response variables separately. Finally, a generalized additive model was adjusted to know the behavior of BD, TL and VC as a function of MFA. This generated model had an explanatory capacity of 88,2 %. The best explained variable by MFA was TL (explanatory capacity of 83,3 %). It would be interesting to see if this behavior occurs in other Mexican pine species.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84068778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of cement-bonded wood particleboards produced using fly ash and spruce planer shavings","authors":"Hüsnü Yel, Elvan Urun","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100444","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to investigate the physico-mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of cement-bonded wood particleboards produced by using fly as has a partial cement replacement and spruce planer shavings. Experimental single-layer cement-bonded wood particleboards produced using a target density of 1200 kg/m 3 , 1/3 wood-cement ratio, a dimension of 460x460x10 mm 3 and 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% fly ash as cement replacement were tested for physical and mechanical properties in accordance with EN and ASTM standards. Moreover, morphological and thermal properties of the cement-bonded wood particleboards were analysed by using the scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry. Test results indicated that the fly ash enhanced both the bending strength and water-re sistance of the cement-bonded wood particleboards. Internal bond and screw withdrawal strengths tended to decrease as the fly ash content increased in the cement-bonded wood particleboards, but this decrease was not statistically significant. As the fly ash increased, the weight loss of the cement-bonded wood particleboards decreased in the thermogravimetric analysis because of the pozzolonic reaction of the fly ash with calcium hydroxide. In the scanning electron microscope, it was observed that calcium silicate hydrate gel increased, whereas calcium hydroxide decreased as the usageratio of the fly ash increased in the cement-bonded wood particleboards.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81011896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon footprint of wooden and plastic pallets: A quantification with different software tools","authors":"Marcia Vásquez, Leonardo Vásquez-Ibarra, R. Musule, A. Iriarte","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100445","url":null,"abstract":"Transport is one of the activities that generates the highest CO 2 eq emissions. In the particular case of Chile, it is the second economic activity that generates the greatest environmental impact. The safe and efficient transport of products in domestic and foreign markets is often carried out with the help of pallets made of various materials, such as wood or plastic, which goes hand in hand with different environmental performance in their production. That is why it is important to know the carbon footprint of these products. The objectives of this study are to compare the value of the carbon footprint generated by the local production of wooden and plastic pallets and to evaluate the variations in its quantification using different software. For this purpose, the Chilean market is taken as a reference. This study follows the main guidelines of ISO standards as a reference framework. The functional unit is 1 pallet produced and the system boundary is from cradle to gate. The results show that wood and plastic pallets have an average carbon footprint of 4,12 kg CO 2 eq and 38,85 kg CO 2 eq respectively. The difference between the two pallets is mainly due to the environmental load of the raw materials. The causes of the variation in the estimation of the carbon footprint with different software are specifically based on the databases with which they can work. The ratio of 1:9 between the carbon footprint of wooden pallets concerning plastic pallets provides important data for decision making. Carbon footprint, ISO 14040, 14067, free software, life cycle assessment, plastic pallets, wooden pallets.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80011012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caracterización morfológica de las traqueidas de pino híbrido de rápido crecimiento","authors":"Rosa Angela Winck, M. C. Area, Ector Cesar Belaber, Diego Rolando Aquino, H. Fassola, María Elena Gauchat","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84348293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical variations in tension wood of poplar tree induced by intermittent bending, fertilizer and hormone treatments","authors":"R. Gorgij, K. Pourtahmasi, R. Amiri, A. Abdulkhani, M. Timar, C. Coșereanu","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100438","url":null,"abstract":"Tree growth is influenced by various environmental factors that lead to anatomical, physical and chemi cal changes in their wood. Reaction wood is one of the tree’s reactions that make many restrictions in wood usages. Reaction wood in broadleaf is called tension wood. This study was aimed to stimulate the formation of tension wood in two-year-old seedlings of Populus alba by using intermittent bending, nitrogen fertilization and gibberellin hormone. The application of different treatments increased the content of cellulose compared to the control sample. Meanwhile, the bent specimens had more increase while the straight specimens had no significant difference in the statistical grouping. The content of lignin decreased in all treatments compared to the control sample. The cellulose/lignin ratios obtained from ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared) analysis of wood sawdust and chemical composition measurements were almost close to each other and were higher in the treated samples than in the control. The degree of crystallinity obtained from XRD (X-ray Diffraction) measurements showed that all samples under intermittent bending had a greater effect on the stimulation and changes of chemical properties of tension wood in poplar and the appli cation of nitrogen fertilization and gibberellin hormone increased this effect. The formation of gelatinous layer in the innermost part of the intermittent bent seedlings fiber cell wall was visible in light microscope images. the ratio of cellulose to lignin in the treated samples was higher than the control samples but the differences in saw dust ratios were not significant. Straight treatment + NPK + GA3 in wood sawdust samples and intermittent bending treatment in cross-sectional samples with 2,15 and 3,69 showed the highest cellulose to lignin ratio, respectively. These results are slightly different from the ratios obtained from the measurement of wood com pounds by chemical methods, but in both chemical analysis and ATR-FTIR method the treated samples showed higher cellulose to lignin ratio than the control sample. These observations show the effect of bending and NPK fertilizer treatment more strongly and also GA3 treatment on reducing lignin content and increasing cellulose and stimulating the formation of tension wood. Pitre et al. 2007b and Pitre et al. 2010 obtained similar results in relation to bending and NPK fertilizer treatment.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79315519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}