Liver Transplantation最新文献

{"title":"Acceptable outcomes of liver transplantation in uninsured patients under the coverage of a state assistance program.","authors":"Flavio Paterno, Grace S Lee-Riddle, Raquel Olivo, Arpit N Amin, Baburao Koneru, Nikolaos T Pyrsopoulos, Keri E Lunsford, James V Guarrera","doi":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000495","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lack of health insurance is a major barrier to access to health care, even in the case of life-saving procedures such as liver transplantation (LT). Concerns about worse outcomes in uninsured patients have also discouraged the evaluation and transplantation of patients without adequate health insurance coverage. The aim of this study is to evaluate outcomes from the largest cohort of uninsured patients who underwent LT with the support of a state payment assistance program (also called charity care). This study included all consecutive patients who underwent LT at a single center from 2002 to 2020. Demographic, clinical, and social variables and outcome metrics were collected and compared between insured and uninsured patients. Among a total of 978 LT recipients, 594 had private insurance, 324 government insurance (Medicare/Medicaid), and 60 were uninsured and covered under a state charity care program. In the charity care group, there was a higher proportion of Hispanic subjects, single marital status, younger age, and high-MELD score patients. The 1- and 3-year patient survival rates were 89.0% and 81.8% in private insurance patients, 88.8% and 80.1% in government insurance recipients, and 93.3% and 79.6% in those with charity care ( p =0.49). There was no difference in graft survival between insured and uninsured patients ( p =0.62). The 3 insurance groups presented similar hospital length-of-stay and 30-day readmission rates. In both univariate and multivariate analysis, uninsured status (charity care) was not associated with worse patient survival (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.84-1.80, p =0.29) or graft survival (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.84-1.78, p =0.29). In conclusion, there was no difference in outcomes after LT between insured and uninsured patients. A charity care program may be an effective tool to mitigate socioeconomic disparities in both outcomes and access to LT.</p>","PeriodicalId":18072,"journal":{"name":"Liver Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Oncologic optimization of patients with colorectal liver metastatic disease: An ongoing saga.","authors":"Dimitrios Moris, Piyush Gupta, Pejman Radkani","doi":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/LVT.0000000000000497","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18072,"journal":{"name":"Liver Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rising cost of liver transplantation in the United States.","authors":"Alyson Kaplan, Adam Winters, Sharon Klarman, Michael Kriss, Dempsey Hughes, Pratima Sharma, Sumeet Asrani, Alan Hutchison, Paul Myoung, Asad Zaman, Laura Butler, James Pomposelli, Fredric Gordon, Andres Duarte-Rojo, Deepika Devuni, Brett Fortune","doi":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000493","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative treatment for end-stage liver disease and significantly improves patient outcomes. However, LT is resource-intensive and costly, with expenditures rising dramatically in recent years. Factors contributing to this increase in cost include expanded transplant criteria, utilization of marginal organs, and broader organ distribution, resulting in significant logistical expenses. Advanced technologies like organ perfusion devices, while promising better outcomes, further inflate costs due to their high price and market monopolization. Moreover, living donor liver transplant (LDLT) and utilization of donation after cardiac death (DCD) organs introduce higher initial expenditures yet potential long-term savings. Despite rising costs, reimbursement has remained largely stagnant, putting financial strain on transplant programs, and threatening their sustainability. This review examines the multifaceted drivers of rising costs in LT, focusing on recent policy changes, the role of organ procurement organizations (OPOs) and the impact of new technologies. We also propose comprehensive solutions at national, OPO, and local levels, including optimizing resource allocation, leveraging regional collaborations, and advocating for revised reimbursement models to curb escalating costs. Addressing these challenges is critical to ensuring the continued viability of LT programs and maintaining patient access to this life-saving intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18072,"journal":{"name":"Liver Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core outcome sets and benchmarking complications: Defining best practices for standardized outcome reporting in liver transplantation.","authors":"Chase J Wehrle, Femke H C de Goeij, Mingyi Zhang, Fariba Abbassi, Sangeeta Satish, Chunbao Jiao, Keyue Sun, Antonio D Pinna, Koji Hashimoto, Charles Miller, Wojciech G Polak, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Jeroen De Jonge, Andrea Schlegel","doi":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/LVT.0000000000000494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The comparison of outcomes in liver transplantation (LT) is hampered by using clinically non-relevant surrogate endpoints and considerable variability in reported relevant post-transplant outcomes. Such variability stems from non-standard outcome measures across studies, variable definitions of the same complication, and different timing of reporting. The Clavien-Dindo classification was established to improve the rigor of outcome reporting but is non-specific to an intervention and there are unsolved dilemmas specifically related to liver transplantation. Core Outcome Sets (COS) have been used in other specialties to standardize outcomes research, but have not been defined for LT. Thus, we use the five major benchmarking studies published to date to define a 10-measure COS for LT using previously validated metrics. We further provide standard definitions for each of the 10 measures that may be used in international research on the topic. These definitions also include standard time-points for recording to facilitate between-study comparisons and future meta-analysis. These 10 outcomes are paired with 3 validated, procedure-independent metrics, including the Clavien-Dindo Classification and the Comprehensive Complications Index (CCI®). The Clavien scale and CCI® are specifically reviewed to enhance their utility in LT, and their use along with the COS is explored. We encourage future studies to employ this COS along with the Clavien-Dindo grading system & CCI® to improve reproducibility and generalizability of research concerning liver transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18072,"journal":{"name":"Liver Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder in surgical candidates for liver metastases: Prevalence, non-invasive diagnosis, and burden on surgical outcomes.","authors":"Elton Dajti, Matteo Serenari, Deborah Malvi, Gerti Dajti, Federico Ravaioli, Luigi Colecchia, Giovanni Marasco, Francesca Caputo, Matteo Renzulli, Francesco Vasuri, Amanda Vestito, Francesco Azzaroli, Giovanni Barbara, Matteo Ravaioli, Davide Festi, Antonietta D'Errico, Matteo Cescon, Antonio Colecchia","doi":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/LVT.0000000000000489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Chemotherapy can cause vascular and metabolic liver injury in patients with liver metastases, but scarce data is available. We aimed to i) describe the prevalence of porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) among patients undergoing resection for liver metastases; ii) assess whether liver (LSM) and spleen stiffness measurements (SSM) could diagnose PSVD and predict post-operative complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective single center study enrolling consecutive patients undergoing hepatic resection for metastases at a tertiary center. For each patient we evaluated previous exposure to chemotherapy, co-morbidities, elastography, type of surgery, histological features at the resection specimen, morbidity [post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), major complications according to Clavien-Dindo], and 90-days survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-eight patients were included, of whom 60 (88%) had received chemotherapy. Twenty-nine (44%) patients had PSVD. SSM <21 kPa (NPV 87%) and >40 kPa (PPV 100%) could accurately diagnose PSVD. PSVD significantly increased the risk of PHLF (22 vs 45%) and major complications (11 vs 31%). Pre-operative LSM was associated with post-operative morbidity. The cut-offs LSM <4.5 kPa and >8 kPa predicted the risk of clinically significant PHLF (0%, 11%, and 33% in LSM <4.5 kPa, 4.5-8 kPa,>8 kPa respectively) and major complications (0%, 25%, 44% in LSM <4.5 kPa, 4.5-8 kPa,>8 kPa, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PSVD is very common among patients undergoing liver surgery for metastases and it is associated with increased morbidity. LSM and SSM can correctly identify patients with PSVD and those at risk of clinically relevant post-operative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18072,"journal":{"name":"Liver Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective evaluation of cystatin C in the assessment of kidney dysfunction and survival in liver transplant candidates.","authors":"Stevan A Gonzalez, Nagasri Shankar, Ashwini Mehta, Mauricio Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia, Goran B Klintmalm, James F Trotter, Sumeet K Asrani, Bernard V Fischbach, Andres Duarte-Rojo","doi":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000492","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney dysfunction is associated with decreased survival in liver transplant (LT) candidates, yet serum creatinine (sCr) is a poor surrogate for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in this population. Serum cystatin C (CysC) may provide a more accurate assessment of kidney function and predict outcomes. We performed a multicenter prospective cohort study of consecutive candidates for LT. CysC was obtained at LT evaluation (n = 244), and a subset underwent simultaneous I 125 -iothalamate clearance for measured GFR (mGFR) assessment (n = 137). Patients were followed to assess the need for pre-LT renal replacement therapy, simultaneous liver and kidney transplant, and survival. Estimated GFR (eGFR) based on MDRD-4, GRAIL, Royal Free Hospital Cirrhosis GFR, and the CKD-EPI equations was assessed for bias, precision, and accuracy in reference to mGFR. Receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) and competing risk survival analyses were performed. CysC more accurately discriminated mGFR than sCr at thresholds of ≤60 and ≤30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 with AUROC 0.92 ( p = 0.005) and 0.96 ( p =0.01), respectively. All eGFR equations overestimated GFR, especially among females ( p < 0.05). The GRAIL equation demonstrated the least bias, while CKD-EPI-cystatin C was associated with the greatest precision and lowest frequency of GFR overestimation. Among 165 recipients of LT, CysC discriminated pre-LT renal replacement therapy and the need for simultaneous liver and kidney transplant with AUROC of 0.70 and 0.85, respectively. Cumulative incidence of death, accounting for LT as a competing event, increased with CysC ( p = 0.002) but was not observed with sCr overall or among subgroups ( p = NS). CysC more accurately predicts thresholds of mGFR than sCr in candidates for LT. Elevated CysC discriminates pre-LT renal replacement therapy and simultaneous liver and kidney transplant and is strongly associated with survival in contrast with sCr. CysC is a promising tool to improve prognostication among candidates for LT.</p>","PeriodicalId":18072,"journal":{"name":"Liver Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and risk factors for chronic rejection in pediatric liver transplantation.","authors":"Peace N Dike, Deborah Schady, Ryan Himes, John A Goss, Danielle Guffey, Dana Cerminara, Krupa R Mysore","doi":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000488","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic rejection (CR) is a progressive immunological injury that frequently leads to long-term liver allograft dysfunction and loss. Although CR remains an important indication for retransplantation, as transplant immunosuppression has evolved, its prevalence in adults undergoing liver transplantation (LT) has declined. However, the incidence and factors that lead to CR in pediatric LT are poorly defined. Therefore, we sought to systematically measure CR's incidence and assess both the risk factors for developing CR and outcomes in a large cohort of pediatric recipients of LT. In this single-center study, we retrospectively analyzed and compared relevant recipient characteristics, surgical details, immunosuppression, graft, and patient survival in the CR and control groups over a 17-year period. After a median time of 1.9 years after LT, 19/356 recipients of LT (5.3%) developed CR in our cohort. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder ( p = 0.01), infections ( p = 0.02), autoimmune liver diseases (HR = 7.3, p = <0.01), Black race (HR = 11.5, p = 0.01), and 2 or more episodes of T cell mediated rejection (HR = 5.1, p = <0.01) were associated with CR development. The retransplantation rate among CR cases was 15.8% at a median follow-up time of 4.1 years. Overall, patient survival was lower in the CR group (78.9%) versus controls (91.1%). While CR incidence in our pediatric cohort was lower than previously reported rates of >12%, the CR group had a higher graft failure rate that required retransplantation and lower overall patient survival. Thus, identifying risk factors may warrant specialized immunosuppression protocols and closer posttransplantation monitoring to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality from CR.</p>","PeriodicalId":18072,"journal":{"name":"Liver Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRO: Is Management of ACLF better in a liver-dedicated ICU?","authors":"Hima Veeramachaneni, Nader Dbouk, Ram Subramanian","doi":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/LVT.0000000000000490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18072,"journal":{"name":"Liver Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the R3-AFP model for risk prediction of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation in the SiLVER randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Federico Piñero, Quirino Lai, Charlotte Costentin, Helena Degroote, Andreas Schnitzbauer, Edward K Geissler, Christophe Duvoux","doi":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000487","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LVT.0000000000000487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Explant-based models for assessing HCC recurrence after liver transplantation serve as the gold standard, guiding post-liver transplantation screening and immunosuppression adjustment. Incorporating alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels into these models, such as the novel R3-AFP score, has notably enhanced risk stratification. However, validation of these models in high-evidence data is mandatory. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to validate the R3-AFP score in a randomized clinical trial. We analyzed the intention-to-treat population from the 2-arm SiLVER trial (NCT00355862), comparing calcineurin-based ([calcineurin inhibitors]-Group A) versus mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors-based (sirolimus-Group B) immunosuppression for post-liver transplantation HCC recurrence. Competing risk analysis estimated sub-hazard ratios, with testing of discriminant function and calibration. Overall, 508 patients from the intention-to-treat analysis were included (Group A, n = 256; Group B, n = 252). The R3-AFP score distribution was as follows: 42.6% low-risk (n = 216), 35.7% intermediate-risk (n = 181), 19.5% high-risk (n = 99), and 2.2% very-high-risk (n = 11) groups. The R3-AFP score effectively stratified HCC recurrence risk, with increasing risk for each stratum. Calibration of the R3-AFP model significantly outperformed other explant-based models (Milan, Up-to-7, and RETREAT), whereas discrimination power (0.75 [95% CI: 0.69; 0.81]) surpassed these models, except for the RETREAT model ( p = 0.49). Subgroup analysis showed lower discrimination power in the mammalian target of rapamycin group versus the calcineurin inhibitors group ( p = 0.048). In conclusion, the R3-AFP score accurately predicted HCC recurrence using high-quality evidence-based data, exhibiting reduced performance under mammalian target of rapamycin immunosuppression. This highlights the need for further research to evaluate surveillance schedules and adjuvant regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":18072,"journal":{"name":"Liver Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CON: Is management of ACLF better in a liver-dedicated ICU?","authors":"Linnea A Swanson,Elliot B Tapper,Nikhilesh R Mazumder","doi":"10.1097/lvt.0000000000000491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/lvt.0000000000000491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18072,"journal":{"name":"Liver Transplantation","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}