Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Drug discovery and development: A historical overview, current challenges and perspectives","authors":"Chai Xin Yu, C. Tham","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.8.1.2024.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.8.1.2024.137","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of drug discovery has proceeded for decades. The process has involved the invention of new theories, technologies, disciplines and medicines. These advancements play significant roles in drug discovery today as well as in the future. In this review, the important achievements of ancient Egyptian, Greek, Arabic, Indian, and Chinese medicines were discussed. Then, the development of key concepts, theories or technologies as well as breakthroughs in drug discovery research has been reviewed. Lastly, the current outlook and obstacles in drug discovery studies have been discussed in this article. This review provides an understanding of drug discovery research from a historical perspective and current contexts.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of functional beverages containing soybean (Glycine max L.), sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.) and red yeast rice on a high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia rats","authors":"Nurkhasanah Mahfudh, Atika Orchida Sari, Iradatul Ikhtiari, N. Sulistyani, I. D. Kumalasari, Fezah Othman","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.8.1.2024.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.8.1.2024.134","url":null,"abstract":"One of the primary risk factors for hyperlipidemia is an excessively high-fat diet. Due to their phytochemical composition and biological activity, red yeast rice (RYR), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves and soybeans (Glycine max L.) are known to possess antihyperlipidemia and antioxidants effects. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how beverages containing soybeans, sweet potato leaves, and red yeast rice affect rats fed a high-fat diet in terms of hyperlipidemia, liver damage, and kidney damage. Five groups of rats were used: normal control, positive control using Commercial Smoothie Drink 1 (CSD1), 3.6 ml/day, negative control, and treatment groups receiving beverage doses of 1250 mg/kg and 2500 mg/kg respectively. Following the induction of the high-fat diet in the animals, functional beverage treatment was administered for 14 days starting on day 15 for a total of 28 days. The findings demonstrated that in rats fed a high-fat diet, the administration of functional beverages at a dose of 2500 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) decreased serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). It is concluded that functional beverages may offer protection against hyperlipidemia, liver, and kidney damage caused by a high-fat diet.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"120 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140725741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4th International Conference on Forensic Sciences, Forensic Medicine and Criminology 2023 (INFOMEC 4.0)","authors":"Muhammad Jefri Mohd Yusof, Nurul’Ain Abu Bakar, N. Zainol Abidin, Ke Xin Yu, Chin Shiang Kue, Noor Faradilla Abdullah, Sureshkumar Sampath Rajan","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.8.1.2024.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.8.1.2024.135","url":null,"abstract":"The INFOMEC 2023 organized by the Management and Science University (MSU) is proud to celebrate the 4th anniversary of the International Conference on Forensic Science, Forensic Medicine, and Criminology. This is a premier gathering of experts from around the world who will be sharing their knowledge and expertise, exchange ideas, and discuss the latest advancements and techniques in the field. The conference features a diverse range of topics related to forensic science, forensic medicine, and criminology, including forensic pathology, forensic toxicology, forensic DNA analysis, crime scene investigation, forensic psychology, and criminal profiling, among others. Participants will have the opportunity to attend keynote presentations, poster sessions, and network with colleagues and peers from academia, government, and industry. The conference is an excellent platform for researchers, practitioners, and students to present their research findings and gain valuable feedback from experts in the field. Overall, the International Conference on Forensic Science, Forensic Medicine, and Criminology is an essential event for anyone involved in the fields of forensic science, forensic medicine, and criminology, providing an opportunity to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and developments, and contribute to the advancement of the field.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic pitfalls in neonatal hypertyrosinemia: a case report","authors":"K. Khalid, Mohd Fazrul Shafiq Kamarudzaman, Siti Nurwani Ahmad Ridzuan, Nurul Izzati Hamzan, Norzahidah Khalid, Noor Hafizah Hassan","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.139","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertyrosinemia results from abnormality in tyrosine metabolism. Acquired hypertyrosinemia is notably more common than inherited types and typically presents with profile suggestive of secondary aetiology on biochemical testing. Herein, we present an unusual case of a day 16-of-life baby girl who was screened for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). She presented with jaundice, hypotonia, lethargy and had hepatomegaly on examination. She was treated for sepsis with multiorgan involvement, requiring escalation of intravenous antibiotics and assisted ventilation. Her dried blood spot (DBS) showed moderate elevation of tyrosine (408umol/L, N:10-182) with low Phe:Tyr ratio (0.15mmol/L, N:0.32-3.45). Plasma amino acid showed isolated hypertyrosinemia at 807mmol/L (N:5-167) with mild, non-significant elevations of other liver metabolites. No succinylacetone peak seen with urine organic acids, making the diagnosis of inherited Tyrosinemia type I less likely despite the characteristic findings from DBS, plasma amino acids, and presenting clinical signs. Repeated IEM screening two weeks later revealed a non-diagnostic profile across both DBS and plasma amino acids in light of resolving sepsis and clinical improvement. This case highlights the challenges associated with incompatible biochemical testing in a child with a high index of suspicion for inherited Tyrosinemia. In our case, repeated screening ruled out inherited Tyrosinemia, suggesting the initial picture of hypertyrosinemia to be likely due to liver dysfunction and impaired activity of liver enzymes that are responsible for tyrosine catabolism.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ellagic acid, a polyphenolic compound synergistically interacts with concanamycin A, an inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum proton pump","authors":"Noor Fardziatun Ujal, Nurul Izzaty Najwa Zahari, N. Abu-Bakar","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.116","url":null,"abstract":"Ellagic acid is a bioactive phenolic constituent of many plants. Our previous study reported that ellagic acid alkalinised the Plasmodium falciparum digestive vacuole similarly to concanamycin A, a specific inhibitor of V-type H+-ATPase located on the membrane of the malaria parasite’s digestive vacuole. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the interaction of ellagic acid with concanamycin A by using the isobologram analysis of effects on parasite growth. A malarial SBYR Green I fluorescence-based (MSF) assay was conducted prior to the isobologram analysis to determine the antimalarial activity (IC50) of ellagic acid and concanamycin A. Six different combination solutions of the drugs were assigned based on their IC50 values and used in the isobologram analysis. The IC50 of ellagic acid and concanamycin A was 34.0 ± 0.18 nM and 9.2 ± 0.93 nM, respectively and the interaction of both drugs was found to be synergistic that could kill the parasites more effectively. This study suggests that ellagic acid and concanamycin A can be new candidates to be used in combination therapies with artemisinin, a standard antimalarial drug that has been postulated to affect the digestive vacuole pH.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-kill kinetics of Piper betle L. ethanolic leaf extract on methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Ryan Christopher Co Lao, Ailyn Manglicmot Yabes","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.120","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main pathogens in community and hospital infections that could cause mild skin infections to severe life-threatening bacteremia. Piper betle has shown antibacterial activities against S. aureus but its pharmacodynamics remains unclear despite its widespread availability in many over-the-counter preparations. This study aimed to describe the time-kill kinetics of P. betle extract against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MSSA). Time-kill kinetics were conducted to describe the killing rate of P. betle extract by its effects on MSSA lag time duration, growth rate, and maximum optical density. The surviving colonies at different time-points after exposure to P. betle extract at minimum bactericidal concentration were also determined. Subinhibitory concentrations elucidated its concentration-dependent antibacterial activity by maintaining a trend of increasing lag time, decreasing growth rate, and decreasing maximum optical density as the concentration increases. In particular, concentration at 1250 μg/mL or 0.5 x minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed consistent significant findings across these parameters. Concentrations at MIC and above did not show growth, indicating MSSA growth inhibition or death. P. betle extract’s bactericidal effect started immediately within two (2) hours and was sustained until no growth was observed from the eighth hour and beyond. P. betle extract maintained antibacterial activities against MSSA at subinhibitory concentrations and has also exhibited immediate and sustained bactericidal effect at minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138943965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditioned medium of IGF-1-induced human synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells effects on inflammatory response of osteoarthritic in vitro model","authors":"M. Marlina, A. Armenia, R. Rahmadian, W. Widodo, Syarifah Fadhlira Haddeline, Maharani Safitri, N. Elida, Wahyu Widowati","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.121","url":null,"abstract":"Synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs) possess excellent regenerative potential, making them a viable option for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy. Moreover, these cells can be easily obtained from the human body.  Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) can be used to decrease the pro-inflammatory marker, these markers can trigger inflammation in OA. These challenges can be addressed by utilizing a conditioned medium (CM) derived from stem cell culture. This study aims to compare the effective way of OA therapy between CM SM-MSC and CM SM-MSC induced by IGF-1 by observe the pro-inflammatory markers such as NF-kB, RANTES, PGE2, COL1 and the anti-inflammatory marker, Aggrecan (ACAN). Chondrocyte cells induced IL-1β as OA model (IL1β-CHON002) treated with IGF-1 15% and 30% and without IGF1-induced SM-MSCs-CM to know its effectiveness in decreasing the pro-inflammatory markers. ELISA and RT-qPCR methods were performed to analyze this effect. Based on the data result, SM-MSCs-CM is estimated to have the potential to treat OA as seen from the content of growth factors in CM, decreasing the markers of inflammation. The most significant reduction in PGE2, RANTES, NF-kB, and COL1 concentration was found in the treatment of SM-MSCs-CM cultured with IGF1 concentrations of 150 ng/mL. The higher aggrecan (ACAN) concentration was found in IGF150 15%. Conclusion: CM from SM-MSCs cultured with IGF150 with concentrations of 15% and 30% resulted in the most effective concentration to decrease the concentration of pro-inflammatory markers and also to increase the anti-inflammatory markers.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic perturbations in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by Psidium guajava ethanolic leaf extract","authors":"Ailyn Manglicmot Yabes, Monica Angelique Orejas Ramos","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.118","url":null,"abstract":"Psidium guajava ethanolic leaf extract (PGele) showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in various in vitro and in vivo studies. It was also reported to be efficacious, safe, and well-tolerated in a phase 1/11a clinical trial of the Psidium guajava ointment among volunteer patients with persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonizers. However, its mechanism of antibacterial action is yet to be elucidated. Changes in bacterial metabolism can contribute to the susceptibility of the organism to antibiotics, thus screening for metabolic perturbations induced by PGele can give insight into its mechanism/s of antibacterial action. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PGele against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was determined using the agar dilution technique. The sole carbon utilization phenotype microarray was used to describe the metabolic perturbations. Psidium guajava ethanolic leaf extract showed antibacterial activity against MRSA with MIC at 1,250 µg/mL. The phenotypic profile of MRSA showed utilization of 51 carbon sources, however, when MRSA was treated with the plant extract at sub-MIC (625 µg /mL), the utilization of carbon sources belonging to carbohydrate group (51.43%), amino acid group (100%) and the group of esters, carboxylic acids and fatty acids (75%) were inhibited. The sub-MIC of PGele induced metabolic perturbations on carbon sources associated with Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP), pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and citric acid cycle (TCA) pathways of MRSA. This current study gave an insight into the mechanism of antibacterial action of the Psidium guajava ethanolic leaf extract, a promising plant-derived antibiotic.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alteration of pulmonary mitochondrial oxidation status, inflammation, energy metabolizing enzymes, oncogenic and apoptotic markers in mice model of diisononyl phthalate-induced asthma","authors":"Samuel Abiodun Kehinde, Abosede Temitope Olajide, Oyindamola Joy Akinpelu, Sanmi Tunde Ogunsanya","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.113","url":null,"abstract":"Primary plasticizer used in polyvinyl chloride is diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) and exposure to DiNP has been associated with the development of asthma and allergies. In the current study, how DiNP alters pulmonary antioxidant status, inflammation, energy metabolizing enzymes, oncogenic and apoptotic markers in DiNP-induced asthmatic mice was examined. Male BALB/c mice (n=20, 20-30 g) were divided into 2 groups of 10 mice each: group 1 (control) received saline (0.2ml/kg) orally for 23 days, and group 2 (DiNP) received 50 mg/kg DiNP (Intraperitoneal and intranasal) once per day. After the last administration, mice were sacrificed, lungs were removed and used for biochemical and histopathological analysis. DiNP treated mice experienced alterations in their lung histoarchitecture, levels of oncogenic and apoptotic factors, glycolytic, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and electron transport chain enzymes (ETC), antioxidant status, and inflammatory biomarkers. DiNP decreased the lungs levels of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-s-transferase. In the lungs of DiNP-treated mice compared to the control group, malondialdehyde and inflammatory biomarkers (nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase) were significantly greater (p<0.05). Furthermore, the activities of glycolytic enzymes hexokinase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase were downregulated with a concomitant increase in NADase (77%). TCA enzymes and ETC enzymes were significantly reduced as well. CAS-3, p53, Bax, c-MYC, K-Ras increased by 65%, 51%, 70%, 59% and 82% respectively while BCL-2 decreased by 74%. Histopathological analysis revealed distortion of the airway structure characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, oedema, hemorrhage, and constricted alveoli space. Exposure to DiNP caused oxidative stress which promotes lung inflammation via depletion of antioxidants, pulmonary energy transduction enzymes, levels of oncogenic and apoptotic factors were impaired as well, suggesting that the lungs may not be able to perform its morphological and physiological functions effectively.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of ciprofloxacin loaded alginate/cockle shell powder nanobiocomposite bone scaffold","authors":"Huai Li Wong, J. Santhanam, Shiow Fern Ng, B. H. Bharatham","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.7.1.2023.111","url":null,"abstract":"Orthopedic implant infection is one of the most challenging issues in bone tissue engineering industry. Hence, local delivery of antibiotics incorporated into a fabricated bone scaffold possibly provides a more rapid bacteria inhibitory effect. In this study, pure ciprofloxacin loaded alginate/cockle shell powder nanobiocomposite bone scaffolds are fabricated with 5 wt% and 10 wt% ciprofloxacin respectively and tested for drug encapsulation, drug release and antibacterial properties towards common implant infecting bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Results from the studies showed a low drug encapsulation and drug release regardless of the concentration of drugs loaded with no significant differences noted (p<0.05). However, bacterial inhibition studies through direct contact and using eluted samples from drug release studies showed some inhibitory effects towards the growth of both bacterial strains tested. These findings were further justified with microscopy observations on biofilm and bacterial colony formation. Mineralization studies conducted additionally indicated that the scaffolds characteristics was not compromised due to drug loading. Although pure ciprofloxacin may not be the most suitable antibiotic to be incorporated into the nanobiocomposite bone scaffold, the study did provide some insight to the possible use of the scaffold for future drug delivery applications.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76105446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}