Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"An Update on the Use of Exhaled Breath Analysis for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer.","authors":"Nir Peled,&nbsp;Vered Fuchs,&nbsp;Emily H Kestenbaum,&nbsp;Elron Oscar,&nbsp;Raul Bitran","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S320493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S320493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer has historically been the main responsible for cancer associated deaths. Owing to this is our current inability to screen for and diagnose early pathological findings, preventing us from a timely intervention when cure is still achievable. Over the last decade, together with the extraordinary progress in therapeutical alternatives in the field, there has been an ongoing search for a biomarker that would allow for this. Numerous technologies have been developed but their clinical application is yet to come. In this review, we provide an update on volatile organic compounds, a non-invasive method that can hold the key for detecting early metabolic pathway changes in carcinogenesis. For its compilation, web-based search engines of scientific literature such as PubMed were explored and reviewed, using articles, research, and papers deemed meaningful by authors discretion. After a brief description, we depict how this technique can complement current methods and present the value of electronic noses in the identification of the \"breathprint\". Lastly, we bring some of the latest updates in the field together with the current limitations and final remarks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":"12 ","pages":"81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/ca/lctt-12-81.PMC8378913.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39341046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlight on Mobocertinib (TAK-788) in NSCLC with <i>EGFR</i> Exon 20 Insertion Mutations.","authors":"Shannon S Zhang,&nbsp;Viola W Zhu","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S307321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S307321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>EGFR</i> exon 20 insertion (<i>EGFR</i>ex20ins) mutations are the third most common <i>EGFR</i> mutations seen in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). More than 50 variants of <i>EGFR</i>ex20ins mutations have been identified with A767_V769dupASV being the most common variant across multiple surveys. Treatment with currently available EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) including osimertinib is generally ineffective. Amivantamab (JNJ-372), a bispecific monoclonal antibody against EGFR and MET, has recently been approved by the US FDA for patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC harboring <i>EGFR</i>ex20ins mutations after disease progression on platinum-based chemotherapy. Among all the TKIs in clinical development, mobocertinib (TAK-788) has been granted priority review by the FDA for the same indication as amivantamab. Here, we provide a concise review on mobocertinib, with a focus on its chemical structure, preclinical data, and phase 1/2 trial results. Future directions will likely focus on combination approach such as TKI plus chemotherapy in the first-line setting, designing drugs with CNS activity, and exploring disease characteristics of various <i>EGFR</i>ex20ins mutation variants and how they may affect treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":"12 ","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5b/f8/lctt-12-61.PMC8286072.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Cancer with <i>MET</i> exon 14 Skipping Mutation: Genetic Feature, Current Treatments, and Future Challenges.","authors":"Toshio Fujino,&nbsp;Kenichi Suda,&nbsp;Tetsuya Mitsudomi","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S269307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S269307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>MET</i> exon 14 skipping mutation (<i>MET</i>∆ex14) is present about 3% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). NSCLC patients with <i>MET</i>∆ex14 are characterized by an average age of over 70 years at diagnosis, a smoking history and a higher frequency in pleomorphic carcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma. It has also been reported that NSCLCs with <i>MET</i>∆ex14 often have codriver alterations such as <i>EGFR</i> amplification (6-28%), <i>FGFR1</i> alterations (5-17%), <i>KRAS</i> alterations (~8%), <i>BRAF</i> alterations (~21%), or <i>PIK3CA</i> mutation/amplification (~14%). In 2020, the approval of two MET-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), capmatinib and tepotinib, for NSCLCs carrying <i>MET</i>∆ex14 dawned a new era for MET-targeted therapy. These drugs yielded progression-free survival of 5.4-12.4 months in clinical trials; however, it has also been reported that one-third to half of patients show inherent resistance to MET-TKIs. In addition, the emergence of acquired resistance to MET-TKIs is inevitable. In this review, we summarize the clinical and molecular characteristics of NSCLCs with <i>MET</i>∆ex14, the efficacy and safety of capmatinib and tepotinib, the inherent and acquired resistance mechanisms to MET-TKIs, and new treatment strategies for NSCLCs with <i>MET</i>∆ex14 in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":"12 ","pages":"35-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ed/5b/lctt-12-35.PMC8290191.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39210151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognizing Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs).","authors":"Nicholas Giustini,&nbsp;Lyudmila Bazhenova","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S235102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S235102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotherapy plays a central role in the treatment of NSCLC and biomarkers predicting response to ICIs are valuable therapeutic tools. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is integral in therapy selection as its positive predictive nature to ICIs in the metastatic setting is well documented. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has undergone much study and, while results are somewhat mixed, there is evidence for its positive predictive value with ICI use. Additional markers such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), gene expression profiling (GEP), mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI), somatic mutations, neutrophil to leukocyte ratio (NLR), smoking history, medication history, and immune-related adverse event (irAE) development can further guide clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":"12 ","pages":"21-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/39/lctt-12-21.PMC8006757.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25551175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Therapies for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with MET Exon 14 Alterations: A Spotlight on Capmatinib.","authors":"Aaron C Tan,&nbsp;Tracy J Loh,&nbsp;Xue Lin Kwang,&nbsp;Gek San Tan,&nbsp;Kiat Hon Lim,&nbsp;Daniel S W Tan","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S263610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S263610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MET exon 14 (METex14) alterations are now an established therapeutically tractable target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently reported trials of several MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in this patient population have demonstrated promising efficacy data in both the treatment naïve and pre-treated settings and have led to regulatory approvals. This review will focus on practical diagnostic considerations for METex14 alterations, the trial evidence for capmatinib in this molecular subset including dosing and toxicity management, and the future therapeutic landscape of METex14 altered NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":"12 ","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5c/2f/lctt-12-11.PMC7987308.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25526405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Acquired Resistance to Third-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Through Co-Targeting MEK/ERK Signaling.","authors":"Danlei Yu,&nbsp;Wen Zhao,&nbsp;Karin A Vallega,&nbsp;Shi-Yong Sun","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S293902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S293902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy has improved clinical outcomes of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying activating EGFR mutations, the development of acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including the promising third-generation ones, results in disease progression and has become an unavoidable problem that limits patient long-term benefit. The third-generation EGFR-TKIs, osimertinib and almonertinib, are now approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients harboring activating EGFR mutations (first-line) and/or the resistant T790M mutation (second-line). Clinically, appropriate management of acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs will substantially improve their long-term efficacy against EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest that activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway may be an important resistance mechanism and accordingly co-targeting this pathway effectively overcomes and abrogates acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs. This review focuses on discussing the scientific rationale for and potential of co-targeting MEK/ERK signaling in delaying and overcoming acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs, particularly osimertinib.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5d/48/lctt-12-1.PMC7872905.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25360269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Tumor Marker Dynamics as Predictive Biomarkers in NSCLC Chemo-Immunotherapy and Mono-Immunotherapy Maintenance: A Registry-Based Descriptive Study.","authors":"David Lang,&nbsp;Wolfgang Haslinger,&nbsp;Kaveh Akbari,&nbsp;Mario Scala,&nbsp;Benedikt Hergan,&nbsp;Christian Asel,&nbsp;Andreas Horner,&nbsp;Romana Wass,&nbsp;Elmar Brehm,&nbsp;Bernhard Kaiser,&nbsp;Bernd Lamprecht","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S286228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S286228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate serum tumor markers (STM) as predictive biomarkers in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemo-immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients having received platinum-based chemo-(CHT) and PD-1/PD-L1-directed immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy were retrospectively followed. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), cytokeratin-19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were routinely measured at NSCLC diagnosis. The marker with the highest relative elevation was defined \"leading STM\", its change was assessed between CHT-ICI as well as mono-ICI maintenance initiation and the respective subsequent restaging. Corresponding computed tomography evaluations were analyzed using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). For CHT-ICI combination and subsequent mono-ICI-maintenance therapy, leading STM and RECIST response were evaluated regarding progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in Kaplan-Meier analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 80 CHT-ICI patients (41% women, mean age 63 years), median PFS was 5 months (M;4,9), median OS was 15M (10,/). PFS was significantly (p=0.042) longer, when the leading STM had decreased at first restaging under CHT-ICI combination therapy (9M (5,12; n=41) vs 5M (3,6; n=16)). In the 54 (67.5%) patients who received subsequent mono-ICI maintenance therapy, STM decrease was similarly associated with significantly (p<0.001) longer PFS (16M (7,/; n=16) vs 3.5M (2,6; n=22)). Patients with radiologically stable or progressive disease and concomitant leading STM decrease had similar PFS in the CHT-ICI combination phase (4M (3,7; n=16) vs 4.5M (2,6; n=14)), but longer PFS in the mono-ICI maintenance setting (13M (7,16; n=10) vs 3M (2,4; n=17)). Median OS was not reached in most subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Leading STM dynamics provide predictive biomarker information additional to radiological response evaluation patients receiving CHT-ICI combination therapy, especially in the mono-ICI maintenance setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":"11 ","pages":"113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/9f/lctt-11-113.PMC7755331.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38762843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Proton Beam Therapy for Ground-Glass Opacity-Type Lung Cancer.","authors":"Ichiro Nagata,&nbsp;Takashi Ogino,&nbsp;Takeshi Arimura,&nbsp;Takashi Yoshiura","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S270283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S270283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Surgery is the standard treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including ground-glass opacity (GGO)-type lung cancer. However, some patients are inoperable or refuse to undergo surgery. To explore whether proton beam therapy (PBT) can be an alternative to surgical resection in these patients, this study aimed to examine the retrospective treatment outcomes of patients with GGO-type lung cancer who underwent PBT.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients with stage I NSCLC and GGOs who underwent PBT at the Medipolis Proton Therapy and Research Center (Kagoshima, Japan) between April 2011 and September 2015 were included. Patients were treated with a total dose of 66 GyE delivered in 10 fractions. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 48 patients (median age: 70.9 ± 9.2 years; men: 54.2%) were analyzed, among whom 53 tumors were observed. The 3-year overall survival rate after PBT was 91.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.3-96.8%), the 3-year disease-free survival rate was 85.4% (95% CI: 71.8-92.8%), and the 3-year local control rate among 53 tumors was 92.5% (95% CI: 81.1-97.1%). During the 3-year follow-up period, 4 patients died, and 3 survived despite recurrence or metastasis. Common AEs were radiation pneumonitis (89.6%), rib fracture (27.1%), and cough (27.1%). None of the patients developed grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study suggest that PBT may be a promising alternative for patients with GGO-type lung cancer when surgical resection is not feasible, with excellent survival outcomes and tolerable treatment-related AEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":"11 ","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/LCTT.S270283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38643538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Immune-Related Adverse Events and Effects of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Susumu Noguchi,&nbsp;Keiichiro Suminaga,&nbsp;Takahiro Kaki,&nbsp;Hiroaki Kawachi,&nbsp;Akari Fukao,&nbsp;Satoshi Terashita,&nbsp;Sadao Horikawa,&nbsp;Tatsuyoshi Ikeue,&nbsp;Takakazu Sugita","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S254146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S254146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors have been reported to be linked with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, who tested positive for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor can be used as a treatment, and it was found to improve overall survival. However, there are only a few reports on the relationship between the therapeutic effects of pembrolizumab in patients with lung cancer and the irAEs of pembrolizumab. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between immune-related adverse events and the effects of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>From February 2017 to August 2019, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the effects of pembrolizumab treatment and immune-related adverse events in 94 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with pembrolizumab only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 63 cases, irAEs were observed. The most common irAE was rash. PD-L1 positivity ≥ 50% tended to cause irAEs. The median progression-free survival (PFS) rates with and without irAEs were 371 days (95% CI, 184-NR) and 67 days (95% CI, 51-87 days), respectively. In a multivariate analysis, irAEs and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) were the factors related to PFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with lung cancer, who were treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy, the development of irAEs was likely indicative of the positive effects of pembrolizumab. This novel finding appears to be useful for clinicians who work with pembrolizumab for lung cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":"11 ","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/LCTT.S254146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38238882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of Everolimus in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung: Patient Selection and Special Considerations. A Systematic and Critical Review of the Literature.","authors":"Marta Peri,&nbsp;Nicola Fazio","doi":"10.2147/LCTT.S249928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/LCTT.S249928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung are well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) with a heterogeneous clinical behaviour. Unlike gastroenteropancreatic NENs where therapeutic armamentarium clearly increased over the last decade, everolimus represented the only clinical practical innovation for lung NET patients over the last years. Therefore, for lung NETs, a multidisciplinary discussion within a dedicated team remains critical for an adequate decision-making. Although the main regulatory authorities considered the everolimus-related evidence is enough to approve the drug in advanced lung NETs, several clinical features deserve to be discussed. In this review, we systemically and critically analysed the main clinical studies including patients with advanced lung NETs receiving everolimus. Furthermore, we reported the biological and clinical background of everolimus in lung NET setting. The purpose of this review is to help clinical community to contextualize evidence and experience for a personalised use of this drug in clinical practice in the context of advanced lung NET patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18066,"journal":{"name":"Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy","volume":"11 ","pages":"41-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/LCTT.S249928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38229078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}