{"title":"Resistance mechanisms and approach to chronic lymphocytic leukemia after BTK inhibitor therapy.","authors":"Christine Gruessner, Adrian Wiestner, Clare Sun","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2466101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2466101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), an essential component of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, is a validated target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and zanubrutinib are covalent BTK inhibitors (cBTKi) that bind to residue C481, leading to sustained target inhibition. A significant proportion of patients develop resistance to continuous cBTKi therapy, predominantly via mutations in <i>BTK</i> and its immediate downstream effector, <i>PLCG2</i>. The noncovalent BTKi pirtobrutinib does not require binding to C481 and can restore BTK inhibition after progression on a cBTKi. However, non-C481 <i>BTK</i> mutations conferring resistance to pirtobrutinib have been identified. Furthermore, the scaffolding function of BTK, activation of bypass signaling pathways, and the tumor microenvironment may contribute to BTKi resistance. Targeting BTK for degradation is an emerging strategy that appears effective against multiple <i>BTK</i> mutations, and inhibitors of downstream BCR signaling proteins are under development. This review addresses BTKi resistance mechanisms and therapeutic approaches after cBTKi failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Shestakova, Nahideh Haghighi, Ying Zhang, Jana Tarabay, Mark G Evans, Anton Burtsev, Jefferson Y Chan, Ashley Gamayo, Xiaohui Zhao, Susan O'Brien, Fabiola Quintero-Rivera, Sherif A Rezk
{"title":"Mutational landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) involving the central nervous system.","authors":"Anna Shestakova, Nahideh Haghighi, Ying Zhang, Jana Tarabay, Mark G Evans, Anton Burtsev, Jefferson Y Chan, Ashley Gamayo, Xiaohui Zhao, Susan O'Brien, Fabiola Quintero-Rivera, Sherif A Rezk","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2452341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2452341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoe Loh, Michael Ashby, Marzia Rahman, Evangeline Y Wong, Doen Ming Ong, Susan Morgan, Chong Chyn Chua
{"title":"High burden and poor outcomes of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) in the real-world: a 10-year audit of three Australian hospitals.","authors":"Zoe Loh, Michael Ashby, Marzia Rahman, Evangeline Y Wong, Doen Ming Ong, Susan Morgan, Chong Chyn Chua","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2467783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2467783","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentina Bellani, Barbara Mora, Alessandra Iurlo, Francesco Passamonti
{"title":"<i>CALR</i>-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms.","authors":"Valentina Bellani, Barbara Mora, Alessandra Iurlo, Francesco Passamonti","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2465551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2465551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calreticulin (CALR) is a chaperone protein that plays a crucial role in protein folding quality control and calcium homeostasis. Mutations in <i>CALR</i> result in a mutated protein lacking key calcium-binding sites and the KDEL sequence, leading to a constitutive activation of the MPL-JAK2-STAT5 pathway, which is involved in the pathogenesis of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Despite advancements in understanding the role of <i>CALR</i> mutations, current therapeutic strategies remain focused on managing symptoms and complications, with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) as the only curative option. Emerging research is exploring novel immunotherapeutic approaches targeting mutant CALR, including the development of anti-CALR antibodies and T-cell receptor-mediated therapies, offering potential new avenues for treatment in <i>CALR</i>-mutated MPNs. In this review, we will discuss on the role of <i>CALR</i> in MPNs, focusing on its biological structure and its implications on the prognosis and treatment of essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Gambella, S Carlomagno, A M Raiola, S Sivori, E Angelucci
{"title":"(CAR-)T cell dynamics following chimeric antigen receptor T cells for large B cell lymphoma: a translational tale.","authors":"M Gambella, S Carlomagno, A M Raiola, S Sivori, E Angelucci","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2456096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2456096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents a breakthrough in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. CAR-T cells infusion generally follows a chemotherapy regimen whose lymphodepleting properties create a favorable environment for the expansion of engineered T cells. While this process appears straightforward, emerging evidence reveals that complex mechanisms, collectively representing immune dynamics following CAR-T cell infusion, influence CAR-T cells behavior. In advance of infusion, a final-product enriched with less stressed CAR-T cells can improve their expansion and persistence, providing a biological rationale for early apheresis and administration. Following infusion, the emergence of dysfunctional CAR-T subpopulations, like regulatory or NK-like CAR-T cells, can impair efficacy. The recovery of non-CAR transduced T cells adds further complexity, as these cells could either impact outcomes or exacerbate complications, such as infections or prolonged cytopenia. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in understanding the immune dynamics following CAR-T cell infusion for large B-cell lymphomas, with a focus on both CAR-engineered and native T cell populations, and their impact on treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clozapine is associated with an increased risk of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.","authors":"Connor Frey, Mahyar Etminan","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2461663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2461663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clozapine is a cornerstone treatment for schizophrenia, though long-term use has been associated with significant adverse effects, including hematologic risks. This study analyzed FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data from 2003 to 2024 to assess the potential link between clozapine and lymphoma. Disproportionality analyses revealed elevated reporting odds ratios (RORs) for clozapine: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (3.76; 95% CI: 2.84-4.97) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (3.62; 95% CI: 2.88-4.54), while other antipsychotics showed no significant associations. Although causality cannot be established, the results underscore the need for targeted research into clozapine-associated risks and improved monitoring strategies to protect patients reliant on this medication. Further studies are essential to refine safety protocols and understand population-specific risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa S Chen, Prithviraj Bose, Wei Qiao, Yongying Jiang, Qi Wu, Nichole D Cruz, Michael J Keating, Varsha Gandhi
{"title":"A pilot study of lower doses of ibrutinib: patient body weight does not correlate with plasma ibrutinib levels during therapy.","authors":"Lisa S Chen, Prithviraj Bose, Wei Qiao, Yongying Jiang, Qi Wu, Nichole D Cruz, Michael J Keating, Varsha Gandhi","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2461672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2461672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven M Horwitz, Tatyana A Feldman, Jing Christine Ye, Michael S Khodadoust, Javier Munoz, Paul A Hamlin, Youn H Kim, Ryan A Wilcox, Manish R Patel, Greg Coffey, Alison Innes, Andreas Betz, Jaymes Holland, Cristina B Guzman, Sonali M Smith
{"title":"Results from an open-label phase 2a study of cerdulatinib, a dual spleen tyrosine kinase/janus kinase inhibitor, in relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma.","authors":"Steven M Horwitz, Tatyana A Feldman, Jing Christine Ye, Michael S Khodadoust, Javier Munoz, Paul A Hamlin, Youn H Kim, Ryan A Wilcox, Manish R Patel, Greg Coffey, Alison Innes, Andreas Betz, Jaymes Holland, Cristina B Guzman, Sonali M Smith","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2455489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2455489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this phase-2a study (NCT01994382), patients aged ≥18 years with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL; angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma/T follicular helper [AITL/TFH], <i>n</i> = 29); PTCL-not otherwise specified [NOS], <i>n</i> = 11; and Other, <i>n</i> = 25) received 30 mg oral cerdulatinib, a reversible dual inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase and Janus kinase, twice daily in 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Overall response rate (ORR) was 36.2% (12 complete responses [CR],9 partial responses [PR], and 14 stable disease); median time to response was 1.9 months. ORR was 51.9% for AITL/TFH (10 CR, 4 PR) and 31.8% for Other (2 CR, 5 PR); median duration of response was 12.9 and 5.3 months, respectively. The most common grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events were asymptomatic amylase elevation (23.1%), anemia (20.0%), and asymptomatic lipase elevation (18.5%). These data suggest clinical activity and acceptable tolerability for cerdulatinib in patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabian Lang, Andreas Voss, Guido Kobbe, Christian Junghanss, Joachim Beck, Andreas Viardot, Knut Wendelin, Jens Panse, Lisa Heberling, Vladan Vucinic, Boris Böll, Max Topp, Dieter Hoelzer, Hubert Serve, Nicola Goekbuget, Oliver G Ottmann, Heike Pfeifer
{"title":"Final analysis of the GMALL-PH-01 trial: phase II study of standard chemotherapy in combination with dasatinib in first line treatment of Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.","authors":"Fabian Lang, Andreas Voss, Guido Kobbe, Christian Junghanss, Joachim Beck, Andreas Viardot, Knut Wendelin, Jens Panse, Lisa Heberling, Vladan Vucinic, Boris Böll, Max Topp, Dieter Hoelzer, Hubert Serve, Nicola Goekbuget, Oliver G Ottmann, Heike Pfeifer","doi":"10.1080/10428194.2025.2460737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2025.2460737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imatinib (IMA) plus chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is established treatment for Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We investigated the use of dasatinib (DASA) combined with intensive chemotherapy in ALL (18-55 years) first-line in a prospective, multicenter phase II trial by the GMALL study group. 140 mg DASA QD was used with a pediatric-based induction and consolidation chemotherapy according to GMALL 07/2003 protocol with recommended consecutive HCT. Nineteen of 20 planned patients were enrolled in 12 centers. The hematologic CR rate after induction was 79% with an overall MRD negativity rate of 62.5%. Six patients died during induction and two discontinued therapy. This regimen achieved deep molecular responses but was associated with a higher than expected early mortality (21%) and was stopped prematurely due to toxicities. The GMALL therefore adopted a combination of low intensity chemotherapy plus IMA as its current induction regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":18047,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}