Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology of respiratory virus before and during COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"M. Avolio, S. Venturini, Rita De Rosa, M. Crapis, G. Basaglia","doi":"10.53854/liim-3001-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3001-12","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID pandemic has forcefully turned the spotlight on the importance of the diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. Viruses have always been a frequent and common cause of respiratory tract infections. Rapid molecular diagnostics applied to the diagnostics of respiratory virus infections has revolutionized microbiology laboratories only a few years ago. Few studies illustrate the epidemiology of respiratory viruses, and fewer still those that have compared the pre-pandemic to the pandemic period. During the first year of the pandemic (2020-2021) it was clear to everyone to witness a sudden disappearance of the circulation of all the other respiratory viruses, especially those typically isolated during the winter time, such as RSV and Influenza virus. In our study we wanted to verify this phenomenon and to study the epidemiology of our local reality, analyzing three consecutive flu seasons (2018-2019, 2019-2020, 2020-2021). The results lead us to note that the prevalence of positivity to respiratory virus infections went from 49.8% (2018-2019) and 39% (2019-2020) to 13.4% (2020-2021). This decrease is at least partly attributable to the security measures adopted (social distancing and mask), but it certainly opens up new scenarios when the restriction measures will be terminated. We believe such studies can provide real-world evidence of the effectiveness of public health interventions implemented during current and future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":17977,"journal":{"name":"Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive","volume":"2 1","pages":"104-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83181700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of COVID-19 characteristics in Egyptian patients according to their Toll-Like Receptor-4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism.","authors":"Sara I. Taha, A. Shata, E. El-Sehsah, M. Mohamed, Nouran M. Moustafa, Mariam K. Youssef","doi":"10.53854/liim-3001-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3001-11","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 plays a vital role in recognizing viral particles, activating the innate immune system, and producing pro-inflammatory cytokines.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objectives\u0000This cross-sectional study aimed to compare COVID-19 severity, progression, and fate according to TLR-4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism in Egyptian patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A total of 145 COVID-19 patients were included in this study. TLR-4 (Asp299Gly) genotyping was done using the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The most commonly encountered TLR-4 genotype in relation to the amino acid at position 299 was the wild-type AA (73.1%); meanwhile, the homozygous mutant GG genotype (8.3%) was the least encountered. At hospital admission, 85.8% of the AA group had free (with no ground glass opacities) chest computed tomography (CT) examination, and 16.0% were asymptomatic. On the other hand, of the AG and GG groups, 81.5% and 83.3%, respectively showed bilateral ground-glass opacities in chest CT, as well as 25.9% and 75.0%, respectively were dyspneic. Values of the total leucocytic count, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and D dimer increased in the AAAG>GG sequence. ICU admission (83.3%) and in-hospital death (33.3%) rates were significantly higher in the GG group.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000In COVID-19 patients, the TLR-4 mutant G allele may be associated with a more aggressive disease course and in-hospital death. New therapeutic alternatives could be aimed at this area.","PeriodicalId":17977,"journal":{"name":"Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive","volume":"45 1","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90720830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spondylodiscitis associated with skin lesions caused by Rhizopus in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Larissa Silva de Saboya, Moara Borges, Diego Gonçalves Camargo, Maria Auxiliadora de Paula Carneiro Cysneiros, M. E. Oliveira, A. Guilarde","doi":"10.53854/liim-3001-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3001-17","url":null,"abstract":"Mucormycosis is a serious and rare fungal disease caused by opportunistic fungi of the zygomycete class, order Mucorales. The main clinical presentations are rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and disseminated infections. There are few reports in the literature of spondylodiscitis caused by mucormycosis. We report a 53-year-old male patient presenting with subcutaneous nodules and severe low back pain radiating to the lower limbs. The patient had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for 8 years and corticoid-induced diabetes. He had been using 60 mg/day of prednisone in the last year, with a recent pulse therapy regimen with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide to control the renal dysfunction. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the spine showed spondylodiscitis. The patient underwent spinal arthrodesis and lesion biopsy. The histopathological study of the vertebra reported a necro suppurative inflammation with numerous fungal structures described as a wide range of hyaline hyphae. The histopathology of the cutaneous nodule exhibited an extensive suppurative lesion centered on the subcutaneous tissue, associated with a large amount of hyphae, similar to that found in the spinal lesion, suggestive of mucormycosis. The fungal culture showed the growth of Rhizopus spp. Treatment was performed with amphotericin B lipid complex 5 mg/kg/day for 60 days. After antifungal treatment, there was a progressive reduction in the number of subcutaneous nodules and total improvement of the patient's low back pain, with recovery of his gait. At the 18-month outpatient visit follow-up, the patient was stable and without recurrence. In our case, timely diagnosis enabled the removal of the osteoarticular focus and the targeted therapy resulted in a satisfactory clinical response, without sequelae or complications, despite the patient's underlying immunosuppressed status.","PeriodicalId":17977,"journal":{"name":"Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive","volume":"3 1","pages":"134-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84933089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent erysipelas led to diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.","authors":"Mari Yamaoka, Y. Kanzawa, Shun Tatehara, K. Sasaki, Shimpei Mizuki, J. Ohnishi, Takahiro Nakajima, Naoto Ishimaru, Saori Kinami","doi":"10.53854/liim-3001-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3001-16","url":null,"abstract":"Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a risk of infection, such as by brain abscess associated with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. However, association between HHT and recurrent erysipelas is not well described. HHT can cause vessel malformations in organs, leading to various serious outcomes. Prophylactic treatment is effective, but many people with HHT are undiagnosed. HHT is not described as a risk factor for soft tissue infection, but may increase the risk of serious infections requiring hospitalization. Our 72-year-old female patient was admitted for recurrent erysipelas. Pulmonary nodules indicated pulmonary arteriovenous fistula on chest computed tomography. By recognizing this combination, although seemingly unrelated problems, we could diagnose HHT and the patient could receive adequate treatment to prevent life-threatening events. The recurrent erysipelas was likely associated with HHT. Recurrent erysipelas is an important presentation which may facilitate early diagnosis of HHT.","PeriodicalId":17977,"journal":{"name":"Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive","volume":"88 5 1","pages":"129-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84055299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whipple's disease: a case report in Santa Catarina, Brazil.","authors":"Camila Kleber Stroher, A. Santos, Leandra Ceron, Liandra Luisa Fabrin","doi":"10.53854/liim-3001-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3001-18","url":null,"abstract":"Whipple's disease is a rare systemic infection caused by a diastase-resistant and Gram-positive bacillus called Tropheryma whipplei. The diagnosis of the disease is difficult and often late due to the variety of the symptoms. The objective of this study was to report a rare case of Whipple's disease treated at the Internal Medicine service of a hospital in the Midwest of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The patient was invited for an interview to describe the history of symptoms and previous treatments. Additionally, test results and treatments performed during hospitalization were assessed through the medical records. The case report describes a 39-year-old white male who presented, at the time of diagnosis, severe diarrhea, hematochezia, weight loss, fever, and inguinal adenomegaly, in addition to preceding migratory polyarthritis. After investigation, the diagnosis of Whipple's disease was achieved in conjunction with antibiotic treatment, with improvement of clinical and laboratory symptoms after 15 days. This case highlights the broad array of symptoms and the non-specific features of the Whipple's disease. Establishing an early diagnosis is essential for the success of the treatment, avoiding a long-lasting escalation of symptoms, which lead to cachexia and a devastating loss of the patient's quality of life.","PeriodicalId":17977,"journal":{"name":"Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive","volume":"53 5 1","pages":"139-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83404055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trueperella bernardiae bloodstream infection following onco-gynaecologic surgery and literature review.","authors":"Roberto Casale, G. Bianco, Stefano Cosma, L. Micheletti, S. Comini, M. Iannaccone, M. Boattini, R. Cavallo, C. Benedetto, C. Costa","doi":"10.53854/liim-3001-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3001-15","url":null,"abstract":"Trueperella bernardiae is a Gram-positive commensal bacillus of the human skin and oropharynx. It is known as an opportunistic human pathogen causing surgical wound, skin, and soft tissue, osteoarticular, and bloodstream infections (BSIs) with severe complications. We report a case of surgical wound related T. bernardiae BSI following onco-gynaecologic surgery together with a comprehensive literature review of T. bernardiae infections to alert clinicians about this emerging pathogen.","PeriodicalId":17977,"journal":{"name":"Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive","volume":"30 1","pages":"124-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87489452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential mortality with COVID-19 and invasive mechanical ventilation between high-income and low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.","authors":"Anwar Khedr, Hussam Al Hennawi, Ibtisam Rauf, M. K. Khan, H. Mushtaq, Hana Sultana Lodhi, J. P. Garces, Nitesh Kumar Jain, T. Koritala, S. A. Khan","doi":"10.53854/liim-3001-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3001-6","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has markedly affected the health care of patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but no systematic study to corroborate this effect has been undertaken. In addition, the survival outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) have not been well established. We pooled evidence from all available studies and did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess and compare mortality outcomes between LMICs and high-income countries (HICs). We searched MEDLINE and the University of Michigan Library according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from December 1, 2019, to July 15, 2021, for case-control studies, cohort studies, and brief reports that discussed mortality ratios and survival outcomes among patients with SARS-CoV-2 who received IMV. We excluded studies and case reports without comparison groups, narrative reviews, and preprints. A random-effects estimate of the arcsine square root transformation (PAS) of each outcome was generated with the DerSimonian-Laird method. Seven eligible studies, consisting of 243,835 patients with COVID-19, were included. We identified a significantly higher mortality rate (i.e., a larger PAS) among the patients receiving IMV in LMICs (PAS, 0.754; 95% CI, 0.569-0.900; P<.001) compared to patients in HICs (PAS, 0.588; 95% CI, 0.263-0.876; P<.001). Considerable heterogeneity was present within the individual subgroups possibly because of the extent of the included studies, which had data from specific countries and states but not from individual hospitals or health care centers. Moreover, the sample population in each study was diverse. Meta-regression showed that a higher mortality rate among patients with COVID-19 who received IMV in both HICs (P<.001) and LMICs (P=.04) was associated with chronic pulmonary disease. Our study suggests that chronic pulmonary diseases and poor demographics lead to a worse prognosis among patients with COVID-19 who received IMV. Moreover, the survival outcome is worse in LMICs, where health care systems are usually understaffed and poorly financed.","PeriodicalId":17977,"journal":{"name":"Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive","volume":"26 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86424562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a nomogram to assess the impact of the myocardial injury on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.","authors":"M. Jin, Zhijun Li, Xinwei Li, Mengtong Xie, Weizhen Li, L. Ai, Yaoyao Sun, Xiaodan Cheng, Yan Sheng, Jinnan Zhang, N. Jiang, Qiong Yu","doi":"10.53854/liim-3002-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3002-8","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide. Many COVID-19 patients were accompanied by myocardial injury during the course of the disease. To evaluate the association of cardiac injury with clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, we recruited 261 COVID-19 cases admitted to Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in this study. Compared with patients without myocardial injury, those with myocardial injury were older, with shorter hospital stays and lower survival rates. They also had higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers (Interleukin-6,8,10 and C-reactive protein), coagulation biomarkers, liver and kidney function markers. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with myocardial injury had a higher mortality rate. The multivariate Cox regression model and the nomogram revealed that myocardial injury, co-morbidity, and abnormal procalcitonin (PCT) levels were independent risk factors of the mortality of COVID-19 patients. The linear correlation analysis and the ROC curve suggested a predictive value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in cardiac injury. Summarily, myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients is associated with a higher mortality risk. Attention should be paid to monitoring myocardial injury in patients with significantly elevated myocardial markers and NLR at admission.","PeriodicalId":17977,"journal":{"name":"Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive","volume":"22 1","pages":"231-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73709165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher viral load of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric cancer compared with non-cancerous gastroduodenal tissues.","authors":"Arghavan Zebardast, M. Pazhoohan, Azadeh Yazdani Cherati, M. Salehi, Saghar Saber Amoli, Y. Yahyapour, Mohammad Ranaee, J. Shirvani, Farzin Sadeghi","doi":"10.53854/liim-3002-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3002-12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer is a distinct molecular subtype of gastrointestinal carcinomas as defined by the Cancer Genome Atlas. Methods In the present study 237 samples from Iranian patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and gastroduodenal disease were retrospectively examined for EBV infection by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Results Of the 237 samples tested, EBV DNA was detected in 37 samples (15.6%), in 13 of the 81 gastric cancer cases (16%), and 24 of the 156 non-cancerous samples (15.4%). The EBV infection rate was found higher in patients with gastric ulcer (35%) and duodenal ulcer (21.9%) compared to patients with gastric cancer (16%) and gastritis (19.6%). The EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) copy number in the gastric cancer group (mean = 2.14×10-1 with range of 2.14×10-2 to 4.10×10-1 copies/ cell) was higher than gastroduodenal diseases group (mean = 1.39×10-2 with range 1.11×10-3 to 2.35×10-2 copies/ cell), and this difference was statistically significant (P >0.001). Conclusion The higher number of copies of EBV-EBER in the gastric cancer group compared to the non-cancer group confirmed the possible role of EBV in inducing cancer.","PeriodicalId":17977,"journal":{"name":"Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive","volume":"161 1","pages":"263-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76420956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracic aorta graft infection by avibactam-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae treated with meropenem/vaborbactam: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Alessandra Belati, Roberta Novara, D. Bavaro, A. Procopio, C. Fico, L. Diella, F. Romanelli, S. Stolfa, A. Mosca, F. Di Gennaro, A. Saracino","doi":"10.53854/liim-3002-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3002-14","url":null,"abstract":"Meropenem/vaborbactam (M/V) is a new carbapenem-carbapenemase inhibitor combination drug active against extensively drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Studies about its efficacy and place in therapy are limited in \"real-life\" and no data are available for deep site infections, like vascular graft infections. We present a case of a patient successfully treated with M/V for a thoracic aorta graft infection, placed for a traumatic penetrating aortic ulcer, due to an extensively KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to ceftazidime/ avibactam. Furthermore, we conducted a systematic literature review concerning vascular graft infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and the papers published until now about the use of M/V for the treatment of ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant K. pneumoniae. Meropenem/vaborbactam is a promising antibiotic for difficult-to-treat Gram-negative bacteria with limited therapeutic options. Only few reports have been published and more studies are needed to assess which is the best place in therapy of M/V.","PeriodicalId":17977,"journal":{"name":"Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive","volume":"28 1","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75029303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}