{"title":"The Uses of Philosophy","authors":"M. Moriarty","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198849117.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849117.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter gives an account of the reported conversation between Pascal and Isaac Le Maître de Sacy, one of the leading presences in the Port-Royal community, in which Pascal explains his views about Montaigne (considered as a representative of scepticism) and Epictetus the Stoic. Pascal’s reduction of all philosophy to a contest between these opposed views is discussed. Both writers have insights of value to the Christian. Montaigne destroys an excessive confidence in human reason, and Epictetus preaches lofty moral ideals and submission to Providence; but Montaigne can encourage moral and religious laziness, and Epictetus pride in human capacities. In different ways, they have failed to take account of the truth proclaimed by Christianity: that humanity is a fallen race.","PeriodicalId":179526,"journal":{"name":"Pascal: Reasoning and Belief","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125521154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Wager","authors":"M. Moriarty","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198849117.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849117.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Pascal argues, on the basis of the logic of probability, that it is more advantageous to believe in God than not, since the gains of belief, if he exists, are far greater than any loss we would incur by believing if he does not exist. In the light of this, he argues that anyone who cannot believe should condition himself or herself to do so by the bodily discipline of practising Christian rituals. These arguments are clarified in detail, and the objections addressed to both are evaluated, especially the argument that the Wager would validate belief in any God. The conclusion is that our assessment of the Wager’s efficacy must depend on our views as to its relation to the anthropological, scriptural, and historical arguments discussed in earlier chapters.","PeriodicalId":179526,"journal":{"name":"Pascal: Reasoning and Belief","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129332391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}