International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Review on Graphene Nanoparticle Composites","authors":"Ankita Ghosh, Soma Samaddar","doi":"10.15864/268963821834540191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15864/268963821834540191","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, graphene has attracted atlcntion. Grapheneis a thick planar sheet of Sp2 bonded carbon atoms. Its lattice is honey comb structure. Graphene is one of the most rising material due to its various fascinatingl properties. From recent study it is proved that\u0000 graphene based composites with different nanoparticle show extensive applielltion. In this review we focus on recent developement in the synthetic approach, properties and the facilities of use of graph nanoparticle comosites. The advantages of graphene-nanupartide composites are specifically\u0000 observed in catalytic reactions, electrochemical sensing, detection by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, purification of waterusing adsurbent and other applications are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":179049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115961848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Antimicrobial Resistance in Recreational Water Bodies","authors":"Udita Roy, Soumi GuhaPolley","doi":"10.15864/268963821834540173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15864/268963821834540173","url":null,"abstract":"Thc development and proliferation of antibiotic resistance in pathogen, commensal and environmcntal microorganisms is a major heallh conccrn. The natural environment may act as a site of propagation and maintenance of antibiotic resistance and greatly depends on various human activities.\u0000 The anthropogenic activities leading to rise and dissemination of antibiotic resistance should be studied extensively. Recreational water bodies can act both as the recipient and reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and thus serve as a potent site of horizntal transfer of antibiotic\u0000 resistant genes and dissemination of the same to environmental microbes. In the current study, water samples of recreational water bodies were investigated as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacterial population. Water samples from RabindraSarobar of Kolkata was surveyed and antibiotic\u0000 resistance patern of gram negative fecal coliforrnswere mainly evaluated. Many of them were found to be Multidrug resistant(MDR) which is of great concem to the public health.","PeriodicalId":179049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114660589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review On Arsenic Toxicity: Effect On Human Health And Biochemical Aspects","authors":"S. Roy, Soma Samaddar","doi":"10.15864/268963821834540164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15864/268963821834540164","url":null,"abstract":"Looking at the global scenario, it has been found that a huge perccntage of population around the globe consider groundwater as their main source for drinking. But unfortunately, this main source is being heavily exposed to various heavy metals like mercury, cadmium, arsenic making\u0000 it unfit for consumption, ultimately posing threat to human health out there. Although groundwater is considered as safe, but high concentrations of heavy metals like arsenic (As) (above the permissible limit) in ground water can pose risk to human health. Toxicity level of inorganic arsenic\u0000 is more than the organic one. Arsenic contamination is having a worldwide effect. Arsenic is found to be carcinogcnic in nature, genotoxic as well as cytotoxic. Prolonged exposure to arsenic causes various health hazards like arsenicosis, skin cancer, pigmentation, neurobehavioral effects,\u0000 impaired intellect and various other chronic illness. Creating awareness and providing proper medical care still remains a big challenge. The biomarkers of arsenic exposure include nails, hair, urine and blood sample. This paper provides an overall overview of ground water arsenic contamination,\u0000 its health hazards, its toxicity and metabolism in human body. The paper also reviews various analytical techniques that are being used to detect arsenic, the collective steps required to eradicate this global problem and provide high quality safe drinking water for the future generations\u0000 to come.","PeriodicalId":179049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116988148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian sacred groves: Floristic diversity, Ecology and conservation","authors":"S. Manna, A. Roy","doi":"10.15864/ijcaes.3103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15864/ijcaes.3103","url":null,"abstract":"Practice of conservation of biological diversity in India had been carried out since dates back and sacred groves, the socially protected forest patches, are such classic evidence. Since pre-Vedic period, India has its legacy of harbouring numerous sacred groves almost in every part\u0000 ofthe country especially in the Western Ghats , and North-East Himalayan region. These small fragmented forest patches are well known especially for sustaining rich biological heritage, entailing ecological history of the region and being a local biodiversity hotspot through in-situ\u0000 conservation of both floral and faunal components especially the rare and endemic ones. Sacred groves also represent ideal community organization for functioning of many ecological processes providing valuable ecosystem services like soil and water conservation, nutrient cycling and many more.\u0000 Tn India, various systems of traditional conservation practices have been reported as the country is known for its socio-cultural diversity. In the past few decades, the existence of sacred groves is being challenged through serious lhrcals like cncroachment, loss of belief in taboos and many\u0000 modern developmental practices. It is the need of hour to protect these ecological heritage by adopting integrated sustainable management practices through communlity involvement and convergence of various schemes of different sectors.","PeriodicalId":179049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126774631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"United Nations Environment Programme—Present and Future","authors":"Imrana Shahin","doi":"10.15864/ijcaes.2102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15864/ijcaes.2102","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental issues are posing a grave challenge to humanity since few decades now. In this regard, the role of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the international institution coordinating these concern has been an important subject of study. A number of studies since the\u0000 very inception of UNEP, have tried to examine and reform its functioning to meet global challenges. The purpose of this paper is to review existing literature on this subject. It summarizes the views of different analysts who have devoted their study to an understanding of the nature, functions\u0000 and shortcomings of UNEP. It further combines the recommendations suggested by them in order to strengthen UNEP or to replace it with UNEO. On having observed the arguments meticulously the paper synthesizes reform recommendation. It also tries to address the gap in existing literature that\u0000 tends to be arbitrarily tilted towards the study of functions rather that structure of UNEP and makes recommendation for the same as well.","PeriodicalId":179049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128312053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental variables regulating organic carbon dynamics of Sundarban mangrove ecosystem, India","authors":"N. Das, A. Mondal, Sohini Gangopadhay, R. Banerjee, S. Batabyal, P. Ghosh, S. Mandal","doi":"10.15864/ijcaes.2101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15864/ijcaes.2101","url":null,"abstract":"Mangrove forests produce significant quantities of organic carbon in tidally inundated, anoxic soils and maintain large carbon stocks. The influence of the environmental variables on organic carbon is studied and a conceptual model of the dynamics of organic carbon is framed herein.\u0000 In the mangrove system, various forms of organic carbon are present in soil and water such as soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and particulate organic carbon (POC). Among biotic components, organic carbon present in phytoplankton (OCP), organic carbon in the zooplankton\u0000 (OCZ) is important. Essential environmental variables like Litter biomass (LB), dissolved oxygen (DO), Primary productivity (PP), Atmospheric temperature (AT), Water temperature (WT) and Tidal height (TH) are considered as factors governing organic carbon dynamics. An univariate statistical\u0000 correlation was employed to assess the relationships between carbon forms and physical-chemical factors. This was followed by a multivariate statistical PCA (principle component analysis). The results reflect a close inter-correlation among the studied environmental variables and organic carbon.","PeriodicalId":179049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126997249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herd Immunity: A Success or a Failure","authors":"Sayantan Talapatra, Soaham Roy, S. Chakraborty, Nazeef Ahmed, Ayan Basu, Arindit Guha Sinha","doi":"10.15864/ijcaes.2105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15864/ijcaes.2105","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the most debated scientific topic has been Herd Immunity. It may be defined as a situation in which a major portion of a population (about 60 - 90%) develops some form of the disease and, therefore, becomes resistant to it. However, with such large number\u0000 of cases, the healthcare facilities are bound to get overloaded. Some patients with severe cases of COVID-19 will be required to get admitted into the ICU (intensive care units) – which have limited beds. This could lead to more preventable deaths. Herd immunity has both positive and\u0000 negative aspects. For instance, if we fail in the halfway for example in the country Sweden, then it will result in more deaths rather than decreasing the spread of infection. According to several theoretical modelling that people have conducted across the world and also in India suggest that\u0000 there could be few waves of COVID-19 and people need to be prepared for them. In this review we are trying to assess whether herd immunity is a success or a failure.","PeriodicalId":179049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115851569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal stratification of weeds under System of Rice Intensification and conventional rice cultivation","authors":"R. Banerjee, S. Batabyal, S. Guha, A. Mondal, S. Gangopadhyay, N. Das, P. Ghosh, S. Mandal","doi":"10.15864/ijcaes.2104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15864/ijcaes.2104","url":null,"abstract":"A synecological studyon weeds was conducted to observe their temporal stratification and diversity in rice fields. The survey was performed across thephenophasesof rice (vegetative phase, reproductive phase, and mature phase.) to understand the crop-weed interaction. In this study, two cultural practices of rice cultivation, conventional and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) were considered. The weeds collected from the field were identified, and biomass, relative abundances were calculated. Also, diversity indices such as Simpson’s Index, Shannon index andevennesswere computed. The ecosystem service generated from the weeds were documented.The study showed that the conventional plots were more diverse than the SRI plots. However, higher biomass for weed species was observed under SRI when compared to conventional plots. There were 24 dicotyledonous and 18 monocotyledonous weed species. From the abundance study,it was found that the SRI plots were more evenover the conventional plots. Thus, nutrient competition and sharing between the rice plants and weeds differ temporallyin SRI and conventional plots.The study suggests selective removal of weeds from the rice fields that will improve the crop yield as well as generate various ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":179049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116910608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessments of Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) for heavy metals (Pb and Hg) in an aquatic insect Laccotrephesruber: A major faunal component for three contrasting freshwater aquatic ecosystems of West Bengal and Odisha","authors":"Anindita Das, Santanu Ghara, S. Chakraborty","doi":"10.15864/ijcaes.2103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15864/ijcaes.2103","url":null,"abstract":"Although insects harbor almost all the terrestrial habitats but occur with negligible abundance in the aquatic environment mainly because of their tracheal mode of respiration. The present paper has attempted to find out the Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) of a major aquatic insect species,\u0000 Laccotrephesruber which inhabits in higher densities in three distantly located freshwater bodies having contrasting ecological factors overcoming even different environmental odds, especially the loads of two toxic heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg).Collection and preservation\u0000 of the aquatic insects alongwith estimation of different water quality parameters were made following standard methodologies (APHA, 2005). The heavy metals of the water, soil, selected aquatic plants and insect species were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) from three selected\u0000 study sites of [(1) a water impoundment – Rissia Dam in Odisha, (2) a large water body at Tamluk, West Bengal, and (3) a large pond at Haldia, West Bengal].In this study, above three study sites were selected in order to determine the concentrations and variation of two heavy metals\u0000 (Pb and Hg) and their trend of accumulation in water, soil, aquatic plants and one aquatic insect species. After undertaking a yearlong (March’2019 – February’2020) field survey, Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF) of those heavy metals in an aquatic insect species, Laccotrephesruber\u0000 and were deducted along with the recording ofdifferent pronounced ecological parameters (water quality – pH, temperature, conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids). It was seen that, lead (Pb) was found to be higher than mercury (Hg) in all the structural components (water, soil, vegetation\u0000 and insect) of the three aquatic ecosystems including within the body of Laccotrephesruber of all (slight exception for soil of Rissia Dam). Besides, the concentrations of both the heavy metals were highest in the study site 3 (within industrial belt) followed by study site 2 (under\u0000 the human activities) and study site 1 (in the natural undisturbed environment).From the BAFanalysis of Laccotrephesruber, it is seen that – (i) Hg is very bioaccumulative than Pb in Rissia Dam; (ii) Pb is moderately bioaccumulative than Hg in Tamluk; and (iii) Pb is very much bioaccumulative\u0000 thanHg in Haldia.","PeriodicalId":179049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123922153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticles (NPS)","authors":"Tathagata Kayal, Titas Ghosh","doi":"10.15864/ijcaes.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15864/ijcaes.1205","url":null,"abstract":"With the help of nanoparticles treatment of diseases without any side effects can be achieved with the help of nanotechnology. The devices operating at nanoscale range such as nanoparticles, paves the path for a new method for imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Nanoparticles have antimicrobial\u0000 properties which can locally destroy bacteria, without doing any harm to the surrounding tissues. This review focuses on the antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":179049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126489988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}