Chang-Wan Kim, Chang-Rack Lee, Dae-Hyun Park, Doo-Yeol Kim, Jeong-Woo Kim
{"title":"Clinical outcomes of two-stage revision for chronic periprosthetic joint infection of the knee: culture-negative versus culture-positive.","authors":"Chang-Wan Kim, Chang-Rack Lee, Dae-Hyun Park, Doo-Yeol Kim, Jeong-Woo Kim","doi":"10.1186/s43019-021-00112-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00112-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of negative culture on the treatment outcomes of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the outcomes of two-stage revision in culture-negative chronic PJI differ from those in culture-positive PJI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patients who received two-stage revisions due to chronic PJI during the period between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The culture-negative and culture-positive PJI group included 57 cases and 79 cases, respectively. The demographic data, as well as reoperation, mortality, reinfection, and failure rates of each group were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference in reoperation rate between the two groups for the period from the first-stage surgery to the second-stage revision arthroplasty (p = 0.045). The reoperation rate of the culture-positive group was 25.3% (20/79) whereas that of the culture-negative group was 10.5% (6/57). Among the 136 PJI cases, 97 cases (71.3%) received reimplantation surgery (culture-negative group, 43 cases; culture-positive group, 54 cases). No significant difference was noted between the culture-negative and culture-positive groups with respect to the number of cases that did not undergo reimplantation surgery and the reoperation, reinfection, mortality, and failure rates after two-stage surgery (p > 0.05, all parameters).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The culture outcome had no significant effect on the outcome of the two-stage revision in patients with chronic PJI. The reoperation rate after first-stage surgery was significantly higher in the culture-positive group, but the overall failure rate did not significantly differ in both the groups. The presence of a negative culture might be a good prognostic factor for chronic PJI.</p>","PeriodicalId":17886,"journal":{"name":"Knee Surgery & Related Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8414865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39384509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical outcomes of two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty in infected cases with antibiotic-loaded cement spacers produced using a handmade silicone mold.","authors":"Takashi Hoshino, Toshifumi Watanabe, Yusuke Nakagawa, Hiroki Katagiri, Nobutake Ozeki, Toshiyuki Ohara, Mikio Shioda, Yuji Kono, Ichiro Sekiya, Hideyuki Koga","doi":"10.1186/s43019-021-00113-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00113-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study assessed the clinical outcomes of periprosthetic joint infection patients who underwent two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty with antibiotic-loaded cement spacers fabricated using a handmade silicone mold.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study included seven patients (average age 77 years, average follow-up time 54 months) who underwent surgery at our hospital between 2009 and 2013. Clinical outcomes including knee scores, function scores, knee range of motion, and walking ability at the final observation, period from the primary total knee arthroplasty to implant removal, period from implant removal to revision total knee arthroplasty, and follow-up period after revision total knee arthroplasty were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the final follow-up, the average knee range of motion was 99°, with no significant differences at each stage; average knee and function scores were 84 and 77, respectively. With cement spacers, five patients were able to walk with a t-cane. No recurrence of infection was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical outcomes of the current case series demonstrated good knee function with preserved walking ability, without any recurrence of periprosthetic joint infection. This study suggests that using a handmade silicone mold could be an effective option for periprosthetic joint infection after a total knee arthroplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":17886,"journal":{"name":"Knee Surgery & Related Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8400397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39362320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamer Sweed, Mohamed Mussa, Ahmed El-Bakoury, Guido Geutjens, Andrew Metcalfe
{"title":"Management of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: a systematic review.","authors":"Tamer Sweed, Mohamed Mussa, Ahmed El-Bakoury, Guido Geutjens, Andrew Metcalfe","doi":"10.1186/s43019-021-00110-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00110-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of management of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MDACL) by performing a systematic review of methods of treatment that have been reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search in the databases MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane, ISI web of science and Scopus was performed through July 2020 by three independent reviewers. The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42018087782). Quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of nine studies were eligible for review. All nine studies assessed the outcome of arthroscopic debridement of MDACL. A total of 313 knees in 292 patients were included. The mean follow up ranged from 13 to 72 months. There was strong association between MDACL and chondral lesions (82%) and between MDACL and meniscal tears (69%). The rate of simultaneous meniscectomy ranged from 13 to 44%. Postoperative pain relief ranged from 53.8 to 95%. There was an improvement in postoperative range of motion and outcome scores (Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score). Postoperative Lachman test was positive in 40% of patients, and 6% of patients had symptomatic instability. The mean MINORS score was 9.5 out of 16 (4-12).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Arthroscopic debridement of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) results in satisfactory pain relief and improvement in knee outcome scores. Postoperative ACL laxity is common after arthroscopic ACL debridement, however, symptomatic instability is not. The need for delayed ACL reconstruction should be discussed preoperatively, especially if complete resection of the ACL is to be performed.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":17886,"journal":{"name":"Knee Surgery & Related Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8379741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39332353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Müjgan Yilmaz, Christina Enciso Holm, Thomas Lind, Gunnar Flivik, Anders Odgaard, Michael Mørk Petersen
{"title":"Bone remodeling and implant migration of uncemented femoral and cemented asymmetrical tibial components in total knee arthroplasty - DXA and RSA evaluation with 2-year follow up.","authors":"Müjgan Yilmaz, Christina Enciso Holm, Thomas Lind, Gunnar Flivik, Anders Odgaard, Michael Mørk Petersen","doi":"10.1186/s43019-021-00111-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00111-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aseptic loosening is one of the major reasons for late revision in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The risk of aseptic loosening can be detected using radiostereometric analysis (RSA), whereby micromovements (migration) can be measured, and thus RSA is recommended in the phased introduction of orthopedic implants. Decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), as measured by dual-energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA), is related to the breaking strength of the bone, which is measured concurrently by RSA. The aim of the study was to evaluate bone remodeling and implant migration with cemented asymmetrical tibial and uncemented femoral components after TKA with a follow up period of 2 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 29 patients (number of female/male patients 17/12, mean age 65.2 years), received a hybrid Persona® TKA (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) consisting of a cemented tibial, an all-polyethylene patella, and uncemented trabecular metal femoral components. Follow up: preoperative, 1 week, and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery, and double examinations for RSA and DXA were performed at 12 months. RSA results were presented as maximal total point of motion (MTPM) and segmental motion (translation and rotation), and DXA results were presented as changes in BMD in different regions of interest (ROI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MTPM at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months was 0.65 mm, 0.84 mm, 0.92 mm, and 0.96 mm for the femoral component and 0.54 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.64 mm, and 0.68 mm, respectively, for the tibial component. The highest MTPM occurred within the first 3 months. Afterwards most of the curves flattened and stabilized. Between 12 and 24 months after surgery, 16% of femoral components had migrated by more than 0.10 mm and 15% of tibial components had migrated by more than 0.2 mm. Percentage change in BMD in each ROI for distal femur was as follows: ROI I 26.7%, ROI II 9.2% and ROI III 3.3%. BMD and at the proximal tibia: ROI I 8.2%, ROI II 8.6% and ROI III 7.0% after 2 years compared with 1 week postoperative results. There was no significant correlation between maximal percentwise change in BMD and MTPM after 2 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Migration patterns and changes in BMD related to femoral components after TKA in our study correspond well with previous studies; we observed marginally greater migration with the tibial component.</p>","PeriodicalId":17886,"journal":{"name":"Knee Surgery & Related Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8369662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39320785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satit Thiengwittayaporn, Nicolaas Budhiparama, Chotetawan Tanavalee, Saran Tantavisut, Rami M Sorial, Cao Li, Kang-Il Kim
{"title":"Asia-Pacific venous thromboembolism consensus in knee and hip arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery: Part 3. Pharmacological venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.","authors":"Satit Thiengwittayaporn, Nicolaas Budhiparama, Chotetawan Tanavalee, Saran Tantavisut, Rami M Sorial, Cao Li, Kang-Il Kim","doi":"10.1186/s43019-021-00100-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00100-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17886,"journal":{"name":"Knee Surgery & Related Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8359614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39305373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Should prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in Asian patients undergoing knee and hip arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery be an issue?","authors":"Aree Tanavalee","doi":"10.1186/s43019-021-00105-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00105-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17886,"journal":{"name":"Knee Surgery & Related Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s43019-021-00105-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39257338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The association between bone mineral density and postoperative drainage volume following cruciate-substituting primary total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yuthasak Peerakul, Jirapong Leeyaphan, Karn Rojjananukulpong","doi":"10.1186/s43019-021-00107-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00107-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients who undergo a primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is related to unfavorable outcomes following TKA such as migration of uncemented tibial components. Postoperative blood loss in TKA is an important complication. Non-modifying predicting factors for postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing primary TKA need further elucidation. Studies on the association between BMD and blood loss after TKA are limited. We aimed to demonstrate the relationship between BMD and postoperative drainage volume following primary TKA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2014 and August 2020. A total of 119 primary varus osteoarthritis knees with BMD results were included in the study. Patients with secondary causes of osteoporosis were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median postoperative drainage volume of participants in the normal total hip BMD group and the normal trochanter BMD group was higher than that of patients in the low total hip BMD group and the low trochanter BMD group (285.0 ml vs 230.0 ml, P = 0.003; 282.5 ml vs 240.0 ml, P = 0.013, respectively). Multivariate regression analyses showed that operative time, spinal anesthesia, and normal total hip BMD status were significant predictive factors associated with increased postoperative drainage volume (P = 0.014, 0.022, and 0.013, respectively). No association was identified between the lumbar spine BMD status and postoperative drainage volume.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The relationship between BMD and postoperative blood loss in primary TKA was identified in this study. Normal total hip BMD was found to be associated with an increased postoperative drainage volume after primary TKA compared with low BMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":17886,"journal":{"name":"Knee Surgery & Related Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s43019-021-00107-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39253325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of post-operative three-dimensional and two-dimensional evaluation of component position for total knee arthroplasty.","authors":"Osamu Tanifuji, Tomoharu Mochizuki, Hiroshi Yamagiwa, Takashi Sato, Satoshi Watanabe, Hiroki Hijikata, Hiroyuki Kawashima","doi":"10.1186/s43019-021-00106-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00106-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the post-operative three-dimensional (3D) femoral and tibial component positions in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by the same co-ordinates' system as for pre-operative planning and to compare it with a two-dimensional (2D) evaluation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty-five primary TKAs due to osteoarthritis were included. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the femur and tibia was obtained and pre-operative 3D planning was performed. Then, 3D and 2D post-operative evaluations of the component positions were performed. KneeCAS (LEXI, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), a lower-extremity alignment assessment system, was used for the 3D post-operative evaluation. Standard short-knee radiographs were used for the 2D post-operative evaluation. Differences between the pre-operative planning and post-operative coronal and sagittal alignment of components were investigated and compared with the results of the 3D and 2D evaluations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the 3D evaluation, the difference between the pre-operative planning and actual post-operative sagittal alignment of the femoral component and the coronal and sagittal alignments of the tibial component were 2.6° ± 1.8°, 2.2° ± 1.8° and 3.2° ± 2.4°, respectively. Using the 2D evaluation, they were 1.9° ± 1.5°, 1.3° ± 1.2° and 1.8° ± 1.4°, making the difference in 3D evaluation significantly higher (p = 0.013, = 0.003 and < 0.001). For the sagittal alignment of the femoral component and the coronal and sagittal alignment of the tibial component, the outlier (> ± 3°) ratio for the 3D evaluation was also significantly higher than that of the 2D evaluation (p < 0.001, = 0.009 and < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The difference between the pre-operative planning and post-operative component alignment in the 3D evaluation is significantly higher than that of the 2D, even if the same cases have been evaluated. Two-dimensional evaluation may mask or underestimate the post-operative implant malposition. Three-dimensional evaluation using the same co-ordinates' system as for pre-operative planning is necessary to accurately evaluate the post-operative component position.</p>","PeriodicalId":17886,"journal":{"name":"Knee Surgery & Related Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s43019-021-00106-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39180469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chavarin Amarase, Aree Tanavalee, Viroj Larbpaiboonpong, Myung Chul Lee, Ross W Crawford, Masaaki Matsubara, Yixin Zhou
{"title":"Asia-Pacific venous thromboembolism consensus in knee and hip arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery: Part 2. Mechanical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.","authors":"Chavarin Amarase, Aree Tanavalee, Viroj Larbpaiboonpong, Myung Chul Lee, Ross W Crawford, Masaaki Matsubara, Yixin Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s43019-021-00101-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43019-021-00101-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17886,"journal":{"name":"Knee Surgery & Related Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8243471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39125082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oisin J F Keenan, Lauren A Ross, Matthew Magill, Matthew Moran, Chloe E H Scott
{"title":"Immediate weight-bearing is safe following lateral locked plate fixation of periprosthetic distal femoral fractures.","authors":"Oisin J F Keenan, Lauren A Ross, Matthew Magill, Matthew Moran, Chloe E H Scott","doi":"10.1186/s43019-021-00097-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00097-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether unrestricted weight-bearing as tolerated (WBAT) following lateral locking plate (LLP) fixation of periprosthetic distal femoral fractures (PDFFs) is associated with increased failure and reoperation, compared with restricted weight-bearing (RWB).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with unilateral PDFFs undergoing LLP fixation, patients prescribed WBAT were compared with those prescribed 6 weeks of RWB. The primary outcome measure was reoperation. Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariable analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 43 patients (mean age 80.9 ± 11.7 years, body mass index 26.8 ± 5.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and 86.0% female): 28 WBAT and 15 RWB. There were more interprosthetic fractures in the RWB group (p = 0.040). Mean follow-up was 3.8 years (range 1.0-10.4). Eight patients (18.6%) underwent reoperation. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated no difference in 2-year survival between WBAT (80.6%, 95% CI 65.3-95.9) and RWB (83.3%, 95% CI 62.1-100.0; p = 0.54). Cox analysis showed increased reoperation risk with medial comminution (hazard ratio 10.7, 95% CI 1.5-80; p = 0.020) and decreased risk with anatomic reduction (hazard ratio 0.11, 95% CI 0.01-1.0; p = 0.046). Immediate weight-bearing did not significantly affect the risk of reoperation compared with RWB (relative risk 1.03, 95% CI 0.61-1.74; p = 0.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LLP fixation failure was associated with medial comminution and non-anatomic reductions, not with postoperative weight-bearing. Medial comminution should be managed with additional fixation. Weight-bearing restrictions additional to this appear unnecessary and should be avoided.</p>","PeriodicalId":17886,"journal":{"name":"Knee Surgery & Related Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s43019-021-00097-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39108161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}