Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal最新文献_第2页

Blockchain in the World of Work: Hype or Hope? 区块链在工作领域:炒作还是希望?

Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal Pub Date : 2020-05-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3604103

Aida Ponce

{"title":"Blockchain in the World of Work: Hype or Hope?","authors":"Aida Ponce","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3604103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3604103","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many disruptive new technologies that have emerged recently, blockchain is the one that has the most potential to profoundly revolutionise society and the labour market. For blockchain to be socially acceptable, however, accountability and transparency in the governance of its architecture is necessary – as is giving all actors, including workers, the ability to become co-creators in its technological development and to shape its implementation. \u0000 \u0000This Foresight Brief describes blockchain technology and analyses its implications for the world of work and possible uses in certain sectors, including value chains. On a more experimental basis, it discusses whether blockchain can help to manage trade union organisations, including membership aspects, without establishing a specific ‘use case’. The publication finally highlights one (r)evolution for which society needs to be prepared, namely the way blockchain and artificial intelligence will increasingly be combined in the future. It outlines four important areas that need to be considered if these technologies are to be more widely adopted: data quality; privacy and data protection; environmental sustainability; and solving issues related to ‘smart contracts’ and ‘decentralised autonomous organisations’.","PeriodicalId":177971,"journal":{"name":"Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121033120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Intellectual Legacy of Jaroslav Vanek: How the Twain Met 雅罗斯拉夫·瓦内克的知识遗产:吐温是如何相遇的

Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal Pub Date : 2020-05-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3599110

J. Bonin

{"title":"The Intellectual Legacy of Jaroslav Vanek: How the Twain Met","authors":"J. Bonin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3599110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3599110","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis essay is a tribute to Jaroslav Vanek who spent 32 years at Cornell University where he founded the Program on Participation and Labor-Managed Systems (PPLMS) in 1970, which became the home for economic research on these issues in the US. It is a brief intellectual history of a multi-dimensional scholar.Design/methodology/approachVanek's seminal work in the American Economic Review in 1969 marked the culmination of a decade of work on labor management inspired by his brother Jan's work on Yugoslavia, considered then to be a worker-managed economic system. In two rapidly following tomes, Vanek laid out the landscape for the development of a new subfield in economics by providing precursors to many of the results to follow. In that previous decade, Vanek produced papers in traditional economic theory, e.g. international trade and economic growth.FindingsVanek's mindset persists in the interplay between the emerging theory of labor-managed firms and traditional economic literature that takes seriously the role of organizational form. This essay develops that cross-pollination and seeks to identify the remaining questions and issues for future work that the economics profession owes to Jaroslav Vanek.Originality/valueConnection of strands of literature in the economic theory with the literature on labor-managed firms and worker-managed economies tracing the evolution of the latter to the work of Jaroslav Vanek.","PeriodicalId":177971,"journal":{"name":"Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117055186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Certifiably Responsible? Self-Regulation and Market Response in China 不折不扣的责任?中国的自我监管与市场反应

Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3593837

G. Distelhorst, J. Stroehle, Duanyi Yang

{"title":"Certifiably Responsible? Self-Regulation and Market Response in China","authors":"G. Distelhorst, J. Stroehle, Duanyi Yang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3593837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3593837","url":null,"abstract":"Do self-regulatory institutions in high-corruption environments attract more socially responsible firms? Or do irresponsible firms use self-regulatory institutions to shield themselves from scrutiny? Previous research suggests that self-regulation in these settings often attracts less responsible organizations (adverse selection). However, studying the SA8000 socially responsible employment certification in the high-corruption context of mid-2000s China, we show that firms holding the certification exhibited 11% higher average wages than non-adopters in the same industry and region. To explain this puzzle, we theorize the use of self-regulatory institutions in pursuit of reputation-sensitive buyers. Such buyers privately monitor their suppliers, making up for deficiencies in the institutional environment and reducing the expected returns of low-road firms bribing their way into self-regulatory institutions. Using longitudinal industrial microdata, we show that the wage advantage of self-regulators in China is indeed attributable to selection, with no evidence of a causal effect of self-regulation on wages. Consistent with our theory, foreign buyers and domestic buyers responded differently to self-regulation. In longitudinal analyses including subsamples balanced on levels and trends of pretreatment outcomes, exports increased markedly, and domestic sales did not. Finally, this form of self-regulation appears to pay off, with certification-adopters growing in size and showing slightly higher rates of firm survival.","PeriodicalId":177971,"journal":{"name":"Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128302047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Would You be Paid Without Antitrust Law? 如果没有反垄断法，你会得到多少报酬?

Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3561714

Louis-Daniel Pape

引用次数: 0

Thorstein Veblen, Joan Robinson, and George Stigler (Probably) Never Met: Social Preferences, Monopsony, and Government Intervention Thorstein Veblen, Joan Robinson和George Stigler(可能)《从未谋面:社会偏好，垄断和政府干预》

Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal Pub Date : 2020-01-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3524483

L. Goerke, M. Neugart

引用次数: 1

Wrongful Discharge Laws and Asymmetric Cost Behavior 不当排放法与不对称成本行为

Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3813326

Yongtae Kim, Siqi Li, Hyungshin Park

引用次数: 0

Employment, Skill Upgrading, and International Trade: The Case of Sanctions Against Iran 就业、技能提升与国际贸易:以制裁伊朗为例

Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal Pub Date : 2019-12-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3501790

Javad Nosratabadi

{"title":"Employment, Skill Upgrading, and International Trade: The Case of Sanctions Against Iran","authors":"Javad Nosratabadi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3501790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3501790","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effects of the trade sanctions imposed on Iran in 2010 on employment, demand for skilled labor, and wages by using industrial manufacturing data that cover 10 years before and 5 years after the sanction, 28 provinces, and more than 200 different industries. The results regarding the employment impact of the trade sanctions show that there was remarkable job destruction, most notably in domestically active industries, during the sanction period. The decomposition of the increase in the aggregate demand for skilled labor sheds light on the fact that it comes from labor reallocation within industries, not from across industries. The trade sanctions adversely affected both exporters' and non-exporters' total-factor productivity; however, non-exporters endured a larger negative impact. This induced biased technological change between exporters and non-exporters, which resulted in a market share reallocation towards exporters. As a result, the demand for skilled production workers increased which results in a rise in the real average wage, whereas the demand for non-production workers decreased which results in a fall in the real average wage during the sanction years. This opposite effect is explained by the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled workers.","PeriodicalId":177971,"journal":{"name":"Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127243952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Wage Differential between Palestinian Non-Refugees and Palestinian Refugees in the West Bank and Gaza 西岸和加沙的巴勒斯坦非难民和巴勒斯坦难民之间的工资差异

Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3503112

Sameh Hallaq

引用次数: 0

The U.S. Private Sector Job Quality Index 美国私营部门工作质量指数

Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3566575

Daniel Alpert, J. Ferry, R. Hockett, Amir Khaleghiyan

{"title":"The U.S. Private Sector Job Quality Index","authors":"Daniel Alpert, J. Ferry, R. Hockett, Amir Khaleghiyan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3566575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3566575","url":null,"abstract":"The Job Quality Index (JQI) assesses job quality in the United States by measuring desirable higher-wage/higher-hour jobs versus lower-wage/lower-hour jobs. The JQI results also may serve as a proxy for the overall health of the U.S. jobs market, since the index enables month-by-month tracking of the direction and degree of change in high-to-low job composition. By tracking this information, policymakers and financial market participants can be more fully informed of past developments, current trends, and likely future developments in the absence of policy intervention. Economists and international organizations have in recent years developed other, complementary conceptions of job quality such as those addressing the emotional satisfaction employees derive from their jobs. For the purposes of this paper, “job quality” means the weekly dollar-income a job generates for an employee. Payment, after all, is a primary reason why people work: the income generated by a job being necessary to maintain a standard of living, to provide for the essentials of life and, hopefully, to save for retirement, among other things. This paper presents the rationale for development of the JQI, the mathematical properties of the index, the design of its ongoing release and maintenance, the utility of the JQI in understanding related economic phenomena, and the JQI’s application to economic and market forecasting.","PeriodicalId":177971,"journal":{"name":"Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128301016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Importance of Political Systems for Trade Union Membership, Coverage, and Influence: Theory and Evidence 政治制度对工会成员资格、覆盖面和影响的重要性:理论与证据

Economic Perspectives on Employment & Labor Law eJournal Pub Date : 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3425452

J. Budd, J. Lamare

引用次数: 0