Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Precision Feeding Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine to Meet the Lactating Sow’s Requirement and Maximize Piglet Growth Performance","authors":"Mikayla S. Spinler, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Hyatt L. Frobose, Jason C. Woodworth","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8504","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 56 mixed parity sows (DNA 241, Columbus, NE) and litters (DNA 241 × 600) were used across two batch farrowing groups to evaluate the effects of precision feeding SID Lys during lactation. Sows were blocked by parity and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments on day 2 of lactation (the day after the start of farrowing). The first treatment was a control treatment where sows were provided a 1.10% SID Lys diet throughout lactation. The second and third treatments included sows fed either a static blend curve or a dynamic blend curve. Both blend curve treatments utilized the Gestal Quattro Opti Feeder (Jyga Technologies, St-Lambert-de-Lauzon, Quebec, Canada) to blend a low and high Lys diet to target a specific SID g/d of Lys intake for each day of lactation. The only difference between the static blend curve and dynamic blend curve was that the dynamic blend curve of the low and high Lys diet was adjusted every 2 days based on a rolling average of Lys intake to more closely reach target g/d of Lys intake while the static blend curve was not adjusted throughout lactation. Lysine intake curves were based on the NRC (2012) model estimates, but targets were increased by 20% to reach an average Lys intake of approximately 60 g/d across parities. Dietary treatments for sows on the blend curve treatments were formed by blending a low Lys diet (0.40% SID Lys) and the control high Lys diet (1.10% SID Lys). Actual SID Lys intake was 97% of the targeted g/d for sows fed the static blend curve and 96% of targeted g/d for sows fed the dynamic blend curve. Sows fed the control treatment had greater Lys intake (g/day; P < 0.05) compared to sows fed either of the blend curve treatments, with no differences between the two blend curve treatments (P > 0.05). No differences in sow ADFI or sow body weight, backfat, or loin depth at entry or weaning were observed among treatments (P > 0.05). There were no differences among treatments observed in litter size, piglet weight at birth or weaning, ADG, and litter weight or ADG (P > 0.05). Because sows fed either blend curve had a numerically greater ADFI, no differences in sow feed cost were observed (P > 0.05). Sows fed the control treatment excreted more N and had a higher serum urea N concentration compared to sows fed either blend curve treatment (P > 0.05). Based on the results of the study, blending a low and high Lys diet can be used during lactation to decrease N excretion and achieve similar piglet growth performance compared to results for piglets from sows fed only a high Lys diet throughout lactation. Furthermore, these data would suggest that 60 g/d of SID Lys is sufficient to maximize litter weight gain for litter sizes of 13.5 weaned piglets.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Anchovy Fish Meal with or without Added Fish Solubles Compared to Other Specialty Protein Sources on Nursery Pig Performance","authors":"Ethan B. Stas, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8519","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 2,172 pigs (L337 × 1050 PIC; initially 11.4 lb) were used to evaluate anchovy fish meal with or without added anchovy fish solubles compared to other specialty protein sources on nursery pig performance in a commercial environment. At weaning, pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments containing 6 different specialty protein sources added on an SID Lys basis. Dietary treatments consisted of diets with: 1) 7.0% enzymatically treated soybean meal (HP 300; Hamlet Protein; Findlay, OH); 2) 3.5% spray-dried bovine plasma (APC Inc, Ankeny, IA); 3) 5.0% microbially enhanced soybean meal (MEPro, Prairie Aquatech, Brookings, SD); 4) 5.2% microbially enhanced soybean meal with added anchovy fish solubles (TASA, Lima, Peru); 5) 4.85% anchovy fish meal (TASA Prime, TASA, Lima, Peru); and 6) 5.1% anchovy fish meal with added fish solubles (TASA Swine, TASA, Lima, Peru). Pigs were fed experimental diets in phases 1 and 2 based on feed budget with phase 1 fed at 5 lb/pig and phase 2 fed at 12 lb/pig. Experimental diets were fed for approximately 21 d after weaning and then all pigs were fed a common corn-soybean meal-based diet until the completion of the study. During the experimental period (d 0 to 21), pigs fed bovine plasma or anchovy fish meal had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed anchovy fish meal with solubles, with pigs fed other treatments intermediate. Pigs fed bovine plasma had improved (P < 0.05) F/G compared to pigs fed anchovy fish meal with solubles, with pigs fed other treatments intermediate. Overall (d 0 to 42), a tendency was observed (P = 0.061) with pigs fed anchovy fish meal having numerically greater ADG compared to those fed the other treatments. On a per pig placed basis, there was a significant treatment effect (P = 0.032) where pigs fed anchovy fish meal had numerically higher ADG compared to the other treatments without significant mean separation. In conclusion, results of this trial indicated that anchovy fish meal as the sole specialty protein source can be utilized in nursery pig diets, but added fish solubles in combination with fish meal requires further investigation.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"2019 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating HiPhorius Phytase in Two Diet Formulation Strategies on Finishing Pig Growth Performance, Serum Chemistry, Bone Mineralization, and Carcass Characteristics","authors":"Macie E. Reeb, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jon R. Bergstrom","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8531","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of HiPhorius (DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) phytase on finishing pig growth performance, serum chemistry, bone mineralization, and carcass characteristics. In Exp. 1, 1,161 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 80.9. ± 1.06 lb) were used in a 105-d trial. There were 27 pigs per pen and 10 or 11 replications per treatment. Treatments consisted of: 1) Control diet with no added phytase and formulated to NRC (2012) requirement estimates for standard total tract digestible (STTD) P; 2) 600 FYT/kg added phytase formulated to the same STTD P as the control diet considering a release of 0.13% STTD P and 0.095% STTD Ca; 3) 1,000 FYT/kg added phytase formulated to the same STTD P as the control diet considering release of 0.16% STTD P and 0.107% STTD Ca; and 4) high STTD P (no phytase; approximately 22% above NRC requirement estimates). All diets were formulated to a 1.30:1 STTD Ca:STTD P ratio. Overall, pigs fed NRC (2012) or high STTD P had increased ADG (P < 0.05) compared to pigs fed the treatments with added phytase. Pigs fed diets with phytase tended to have decreased (P = 0.056) 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 compared to pigs fed NRC levels of STTD P without phytase. In Exp. 2, 1,160 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 167.4 ± 2.92 lb) were used in a 58-d trial. There were 27 pigs per pen and 11 replications per treatment. Treatments were the same as in Exp. 1, except diets were formulated to the same total Ca:P ratio (the phase 1 ratio was 1.15:1; the phase 2 ratio was 1.12:1) without an STTD Ca release consideration from phytase. Overall, there were no differences in ADG, ADFI, or F/G among treatments (P > 0.10). For pigs fed NRC or high STTD P, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in metacarpal bone density, and a tendency for increased bone ash weight (g) (P < 0.10) and percentage bone ash (P < 0.10) compared to pigs fed treatments containing phytase. In conclusion, regardless of diet formulation strategy, pigs fed diets with phytase had decreased growth performance (Exp. 1) and bone mineralization (Exp. 2). The unexpected result may be caused by several, or a combination of, factors, such as low or no monocalcium phosphate being included in the diets with phytase, lower analyzed than formulated P (based on sampled diets), not enough phytate-bound P in the diets for phytase to provide sufficient P, too wide of an analyzed Ca:P ratio that may have reduced phytase activity compared to the intended Ca:P ratio, or the expected P attributed to the phytase being overestimated.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword, Swine Day 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8542","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2023 Southeast Research and Extension Center Agricultural Research Report","authors":"J. Farney","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75258117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hard Red and Soft Red Winter Wheat Variety Testing - 2023","authors":"G. Sassenrath, J. Lingenfelser, Xiaomao Lin","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8444","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This is a summary of the winter wheat production conditions in southeast Kansas in 2021-2022 and the results of the winter wheat variety testing. Wheat production in 2022 benefited from dry conditions at flowering and harvest. Overall yields of hard red wheat were above multi-year averages, while soft red wheat yields were below the 15-year average. As in previous years, soft red winter wheat out-yielded hard red winter wheat varieties, but the extent was not as dramatic as in previous years.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"371 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76610125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat and Grain Sorghum Sequencing for Three Crops in Four-Year Rotations","authors":"L. Haag, Dewayne Bond, A. Burnett, Jeff W. Slattery, A. Schlegel","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87896790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Novel Semen Evaluation Technologies and Breed Comparisons in Yearling Beef Bulls","authors":"A. Hartman, I. E. Batey, D. Grieger, K. Fike","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8416","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate correlations of sperm quality assessments and breed comparisons as observed during yearling beef bull breeding soundness exams (BSE). Ejaculates were collected via electroejaculation from yearling Charolais (n = 23) and Angus (n = 23) bulls as part of BSE. One veterinarian conducted BSE, and one technician conducted sperm quality assessments. Additional sperm motility analysis was conducted with the iSperm. Ejaculates meeting minimum thresholds for passing a BSE were subjected to flow cytometry. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were determined, and breed comparisons were made using GLIMMIX in SAS. The iSperm analyzer gross and progressive motilities were correlated ( r = 0.30; 0.38; P < 0.001) with the progressive motility assessed by the technician. Neither iSperm ( P = 0.26) nor visual assessment ( P = 0.66) of sperm motility differed between breeds. Bull breed did not influence total percentage of viable cells ( P = 0.83), percentage of viable cells with intact acrosomes ( P = 0.83), or percentage of live sperm cells with positive reactive oxygen species (ROS) status ( P = 0.92). Sperm from Charolais bulls (31.1% ± 3.35) tended ( P = 0.10) to have greater percentage of positive mitochondrial energy potential as compared with Angus bulls (17.6% ± 3.35). Percentage of live spermatozoa with negative ROS status was moderately correlated with the percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting secondary abnormalities ( r = 0.33; P = 0.02). Percentage of live spermatozoa with disrupted acrosomes was strongly correlated ( r = 0.66; P < 0.001) with percentage of live spermatozoa with negative ROS. Percentage of live spermatozoa with positive ROS status was correlated ( r = 0.58; P < 0.001) with percentage of spermatozoa with active mitochondrial membranes. Sperm motility data assessed by the technician and iSperm data are positively correlated, offering producers an on-farm evaluation tool. Though the bull breed had little influence on sperm quality assessments, negative ROS status appears to impair sperm health and function.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83411392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Corn Hybrids with Contrasting Maturity in Northeastern Kansas","authors":"L. N. Lingua, I. Massigoge, A. Carcedo, I. Ciampitti","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8461","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Corn ( Zea mays L.) hybrid selection is one of the most important agricultural management decisions made by farmers. Both genetic yield potential and adaptation to the local environment vary widely across corn hybrids, and have a direct impact on yield and input costs. This study compared the performance of corn hybrids with contrasting comparative relative maturity (CRM, referring to their growth cycle), to evaluate their differences in crop phenology, grain yield and its components—grain number and grain weight. The field experiment was conducted during the 2022 growing season in Manhattan, KS (U.S.), testing five commercial corn hybrids with contrasting CRM under rainfed conditions. The overall length (days) of crop growth cycle across all corn hybrids ranged from 92 to 120 days, and the grain yield ranged from 102 to 146 bu/a. The variation in grain yield across hybrids was mainly explained by differences in grain number and grain weight.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83992764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of Methodology Used in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Challenge Experiments in Weanling Pigs and Quantitative Assessment of Observed Variability","authors":"Payton L. Dahmer, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Chad B. Paulk, Cassandra K. Jones","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8517","url":null,"abstract":"Post-weaning diarrhea in pigs can be caused by the F4 or F18 strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). To evaluate interventions for ETEC, experimental infection via a challenge model is critical. To our knowledge, there is a lack of explanation for the variability in responses observed across ETEC challenge studies. Our objective was to quantitatively summarize the responses and variability among recent ETEC challenge studies and develop a tool for sample size calculation. The most widely evaluated response criteria across ETEC challenge studies are growth performance, fecal consistency and bacterial shedding, intestinal morphology, and immune responses. Factors that contribute to the variability seen across studies include the type of ETEC studied, dose and timing of inoculation, and the number of replications. Generally, a reduction in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) are seen following an ETEC challenge, as well as a rapid increase in diarrhea. Fecal bacterial shedding is a common indicator of ETEC infection, but the responses seen across the literature are not consistent due to differences in bacterial enumeration procedures. Emphasis should also be placed on the piglet’s immune response to ETEC, which is commonly assessed by quantifying levels of immunoglobulins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Again, there is variability in these responses across published work. Small intestinal morphology is drastically altered following infection with ETEC and appears to be a less variable response criterion to evaluate. While there is a large degree of variability across ETEC challenge experiments, we have provided a quantitative summary of these studies, and a Microsoft Excel-based tool was created to help calculate sample sizes for future studies.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}