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The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition最新文献

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Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Children and Adolescents 儿童和青少年预防和早期干预计划
The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0025
M. Brymer, A. Steinberg, P. Watson, R. Pynoos
{"title":"Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Children and Adolescents","authors":"M. Brymer, A. Steinberg, P. Watson, R. Pynoos","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0025","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of basic concepts that lie in the pathway from traumatic stress to a broad range of clinical and life-trajectory outcomes, including characterization of the nature and role of a variety of mediating and moderating factors. Such intervening factors fall within categories of child intrinsic and child extrinsic features. The individual/family and community types of early interventions for children and adolescents after trauma are reviewed. Although many early interventions hold promise, a good deal more methodologically sound research is required to support their use across a variety of contexts. Increased knowledge of mediating and moderating factors on the outcome of trauma can inform development of improved evidence-based screening, clinical assessment, early and intermediate interventions, trauma-informed services for traumatized children and their families across stages of recovery, and public policy.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116985824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Older Adults 老年人预防和早期干预方案
The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0026
M. Strachan, Lisa S. Elwood, Amstadter Ab, R. Acierno
{"title":"Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Older Adults","authors":"M. Strachan, Lisa S. Elwood, Amstadter Ab, R. Acierno","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Age appears to be a consistent protective factor against developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subsequent to trauma exposure, followed by social support and proper screening and intervention. However, factors associated with the aging process may complicate identification and treatment of PTSD in older persons, although interventions have been developed in recent years that may help mediate the impact of trauma and stress. This chapter reviews the current risk and protective factors associated with development and treatment of PTSD and comorbidities in older adults, describes research on secondary prevention and early intervention programs for older adults exposed to potentially traumatic events, provides an introduction to a screening/prevention instrument, and presents recommendations for adaptation of extant early traumatic stress treatment programs to meet the needs of older adults.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132052317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Traumatic Stress Disorders in Children and Adolescents 儿童和青少年的创伤应激障碍
The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0008
A. M. Greca, Cortney J Taylor, Whitney M. Herge
{"title":"Traumatic Stress Disorders in Children and Adolescents","authors":"A. M. Greca, Cortney J Taylor, Whitney M. Herge","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Youth’s exposure to natural disasters, acts of violence, motor vehicle accidents, and other injuries, interpersonal violence, and life-threatening medical illnesses often leads to significant psychological distress. Although most youth are resilient, a significant minority experience symptoms of acute stress disorder (ASD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or other psychological difficulties that interfere with their adjustment and functioning. This chapter provides a framework for understanding ASD and PTSD in children and adolescents. The chapter first reviews the most well-studied types of traumatic events and describes key components of trauma exposure. This is followed by a review of ASD and PTSD, with particular attention to diagnostic issues and major changes in the conceptualization of these diagnoses. Then, after reviewing the prevalence and course of PTSD across different types of traumatic events, the chapter addresses important developmental issues, issues of comorbidity, and key risk factors that play a role in the development or maintenance of trauma-focused diagnoses in youth. The chapter concludes with key issues for future research that will enhance our understanding of ASD and PTSD in youth.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131425014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Traumatic Stress in Older Adults 老年人的创伤性应激
The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0009
J. Cook, Tatyana Biyanova, D. Elmore
{"title":"Traumatic Stress in Older Adults","authors":"J. Cook, Tatyana Biyanova, D. Elmore","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on older adult trauma survivors. Information is presented on prevalence of acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); course, functional impairment, suicide risk, cognitive impairment, accelerated aging, healthcare utilization in older adults with PTSD, and the impact of demographic factors such as gender, ethnicity, and race on PTSD in older individuals. In general, rates of ASD and PTSD are lower in older adults compared to other age groups. PTSD in older adults has been linked to suicidal ideation and attempts, functional impairment, physical health, cognitive impairment, accelerated aging, and increased healthcare utilization. Although delayed onset of PTSD has been empirically verified in some military samples with veterans and younger adult civilians, it is rare in the absence of any prior symptoms and might more accurately be labeled “delayed recognition.” More information on trauma and PTSD in diverse populations of older adults is needed, such as racial/ethnic as well as sexual and gender minorities, those with severe physical or mental impairment, non–community-residing groups, and those from non-industrialized countries.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132323466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Classification of Acute Stress Disorder 急性应激障碍的分类
The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0003
M. Pacella, D. Delahanty
{"title":"Classification of Acute Stress Disorder","authors":"M. Pacella, D. Delahanty","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis of acute stress disorder (ASD) was originally introduced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) to identify survivors soon after a trauma who were likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, despite demonstrating acceptable predictive power, subsequent research often failed to display high rates of sensitivity or specificity for ASD predicting PTSD. This led researchers to question the utility of the diagnosis and ultimately led to a revision of the diagnosis in the fifth edition of DSM. The updated ASD diagnosis was intended to primarily promote access to healthcare services following a traumatic event, and symptoms were not selected with the aim of predicting likelihood of one developing PTSD. Ultimately, the DSM-5 ASD criteria align more closely with PTSD symptoms without an emphasis on dissociative symptoms (as was true of the DSM-IV). This chapter summarizes the development of the ASD criteria/diagnosis and evaluates the utility of the reconceptualized diagnosis for both clinicians and researchers.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131414673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing PTSD Symptoms 评估PTSD症状
The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0016
Michelle J. Bovin, F. Weathers
{"title":"Assessing PTSD Symptoms","authors":"Michelle J. Bovin, F. Weathers","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and prevalent mental health disorder that poses significant challenges for accurate assessment and diagnosis. This chapter describes some of the most widely used PTSD assessment tools for adult trauma survivors, including structured interviews, self-report measures, and biologically based methods, with an eye toward updates reflecting the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) PTSD criteria.  It also discusses several key issues in PTSD assessment, including identifying an index traumatic event for symptom inquiry, linking symptoms to the index event, assessing for the new dissociative subtype, and detecting exaggerated symptom reporting.  The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of future directions for research on PTSD assessment.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123847384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Community-Based Early Intervention with Trauma Survivors 基于社区的创伤幸存者早期干预
The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0023
J. Ruzek
{"title":"Community-Based Early Intervention with Trauma Survivors","authors":"J. Ruzek","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0023","url":null,"abstract":"The number of individuals affected by frequently occurring traumatic events such as accidents and assaults, as well as large-scale traumas such as war and disaster, calls for systematic, comprehensive community-based responses to manage mental health consequences of such exposure. This chapter reviews several key components of such a comprehensive response; these components can be initiated immediately after a trauma occurs. Communities should develop capacity to identify and engage those at risk for continuing problems; provide phased support to include immediate assistance, brief counseling after the immediate period, and treatment for trauma-related problems; and provide opportunities for participation in trauma-related community activities. Two domains of posttrauma care, hospital-based acute care of injury and assault survivors and disaster mental health, are reviewed to illustrate ways of developing some of these components. Key challenges include engagement of survivors with early interventions, training of providers and effective implementation of interventions, program monitoring and evaluation, and integration of Internet and mobile interventions into community-based service delivery. In the future, there remains significant opportunity for service innovation and improvement of interventions, a need to develop and implement population-based intervention approaches, and an imperative to increase research into early posttrauma interventions in community settings.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129261516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Traumatic Stress in Special Populations 特殊人群的创伤压力
The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0010
K. Mueser, Weili Lu
{"title":"Traumatic Stress in Special Populations","authors":"K. Mueser, Weili Lu","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Special populations are individuals who by virtue of psychiatric, behavioral, cognitive, or physical disabilities are more likely to be exposed to psychological trauma. Individuals with severe psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, or developmental disabilities and persons who are incarcerated are more likely to experience trauma throughout their lives, especially interpersonal victimization, and are more likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma and PTSD have a negative impact on special populations, often exacerbating symptoms and substance use problems and interfering with community functioning. Despite the high rates of trauma and PTSD in special populations, these problems are often not identified, and when they are, they are rarely treated. Recent progress has been made in adapting treatments developed for PTSD in the general population to special populations, including persons with severe mental illness and individuals with substance use disorders.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"166 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125973929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetics and Genomics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 创伤后应激障碍的遗传学和基因组学
The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0011
M. Uddin, Amstadter Ab, N. Nugent, K. Koenen
{"title":"Genetics and Genomics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","authors":"M. Uddin, Amstadter Ab, N. Nugent, K. Koenen","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex disorder; a range of molecular features likely contributes to individuals’ increased risk for, or resistance to, developing PTSD when exposed to trauma. The focus here is on studies that investigate molecular factors that may be associated with this disorder. This chapter reviews the existing studies on molecular genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression associations with PTSD. This chapter also reviews novel statistical approaches used with genome-, methylome-, and expression-wide data. Future research in this rapidly evolving area should focus on the combined examination of genetic sequence, epigenetic effects, and gene expression to obtain a more complete picture of the systems biology of PTSD.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132858848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Treating Trauma-Related Symptoms in Children and Adolescents 儿童和青少年创伤相关症状的治疗
The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition Pub Date : 2012-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0033
E. Deblinger, Elisabeth Pollio, F. Neubauer
{"title":"Treating Trauma-Related Symptoms in Children and Adolescents","authors":"E. Deblinger, Elisabeth Pollio, F. Neubauer","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0033","url":null,"abstract":"The significant impact of trauma on children is well documented. This chapter focuses on trauma-specific treatments for children and adolescents that have at least two randomized controlled trials in which one or more standardized outcome measures were used. These treatments address varying traumas, including sexual abuse, physical abuse, exposure to violence or loss, and disasters. The efficacy of one such treatment, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), has been documented in over 50 scientific studies, including 22 randomized trials. A more detailed description of TF-CBT is presented in the chapter. Also discussed are future research directions, including specific scientific questions, to advance our knowledge about trauma treatment for children and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129137320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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