Beyond the witch trials最新文献

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Witchcraft and magic in eighteenth-century Scotland 18世纪苏格兰的巫术和魔法
Beyond the witch trials Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.7765/9781526137265.00009
P. Maxwell-Stuart
{"title":"Witchcraft and magic in eighteenth-century Scotland","authors":"P. Maxwell-Stuart","doi":"10.7765/9781526137265.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526137265.00009","url":null,"abstract":"He was not alone in this opinion, but it may be significant that it was written only a few months after one of his extended stays in Scotland; for Defoe was a man who knew the Scottish Lowlands well and had even been on an extended trip via the east coast, the north, and the west coast of the Gaidhealtachd. Can we suggest, then, that his attitude was, or at least may have been, influenced by the popular beliefs and judicial practices he saw or heard there? If we were to judge from one Scottish reaction to the repeal of the Witchcraft Acts in 1736, we might be tempted to do so. ‘The Law of God hath been despised, and a Toleration upon the Matter, given to Diabolical Arts and Practices, by the Act repealing the penal Statutes against Witches’, was a stern rebuke delivered to the Associate Presbytery at Edinburgh on 3 February 1743.1 But it was given by Seceders, that is to say by clergymen who thought the official Presbyterian establishment had compromised with rationalism on the one hand and ‘enthusiasm’ on the other, thereby betraying fundamental doctrines and diluting the Calvinist confession. The Scotland with which Defoe had acquaintance was, in fact, no unified or monolithic state, but a concatenation of cultural and religious systems existing uneasily with each other – the Gaidhealtachd and the islands (still largely Gaelic speaking), the Lowlands and the Borders, much more open to English influences, each harbouring and cherishing its own differences, each ill at ease with the others, each diverse, indeed, within itself. A description of Scotland, therefore – or perhaps one should more accurately say, a","PeriodicalId":176832,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the witch trials","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116303684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Front matter 前页
Beyond the witch trials Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.7765/9781526137265.00001
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引用次数: 0
Marking (dis)order 标记(dis)秩序
Beyond the witch trials Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.7765/9781526137265.00005
Raisa Maria Toivo
{"title":"Marking (dis)order","authors":"Raisa Maria Toivo","doi":"10.7765/9781526137265.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526137265.00005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176832,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the witch trials","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128810475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public infidelity and private belief? 公开的不忠和私人的信仰?
Beyond the witch trials Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.7765/9781526137265.00011
J. Barry
{"title":"Public infidelity and private belief?","authors":"J. Barry","doi":"10.7765/9781526137265.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526137265.00011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176832,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the witch trials","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130284489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pro exoneratione sua propria coscientia
Beyond the witch trials Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.7765/9781526137265.00006
A. Ferraiuolo
{"title":"Pro exoneratione sua propria coscientia","authors":"A. Ferraiuolo","doi":"10.7765/9781526137265.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526137265.00006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176832,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the witch trials","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117080479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The archaeology of counter-witchcraft and popular magic 反巫术和流行魔法的考古学
Beyond the witch trials Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.7765/9781526137265.00013
B. Hoggard
{"title":"The archaeology of counter-witchcraft and popular magic","authors":"B. Hoggard","doi":"10.7765/9781526137265.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526137265.00013","url":null,"abstract":"One aspect of the study of witchcraft and magic, which has not yet been absorbed into the main stream of literature on the subject, is the archaeological record of the subject. Objects such as witch-bottles, dried cats, horse skulls, shoes, written charms and numerous other items have been discovered concealed inside houses in significant quantities from the early modern period until well into the twentieth century. The locations of these objects within houses, and primary literary sources relating to witch-bottles in particular, indicate that at least some of these artefacts were concealed to ward off witches and other perceived ‘evil’ influences such as ghosts and demons. The following discussion presents the results of a survey of United Kingdom museums and archaeological establishments, and introduces the current facts and theories about these artefacts. The material record makes up a substantial body of evidence and provides unwitting testimony to the beliefs and practices of the past, many of which were never recorded at the time. When studying periods when levels of literacy were poor, physical artefacts represent one of the few direct links with the actions and beliefs of the silent majority. In the case of dried cats, horse skulls and other practices it seems that the physical record is the only record we have that these practices went on. By studying these objects we can learn about their distribution and frequency, and also some idea of the level of effort, and by association maybe the depth of belief, involved in the act of depositing these ritual objects. Their analysis also provides additional clues and signs of practices which have never been recorded on paper before, giving us tangible, physical evidence in ways which the written archive does not. Viewed in conjunction with the written archive, this physical resource could contribute greatly to what is known about witchcraft, fear of witchcraft and counter-witchcraft. With the notable exception of Ralph Merrifield’s 1987 book, The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic, work on this subject has been largely confined to small journals, magazines and newspaper articles.1 Excepting Merrifield’s book, these papers tend to focus either on individual finds","PeriodicalId":176832,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the witch trials","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128855012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Index 指数
Beyond the witch trials Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.7765/9781526137265.00015
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引用次数: 0
Responses to witchcraft in late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Sweden 17世纪晚期和18世纪瑞典对巫术的反应
Beyond the witch trials Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.7765/9781526137265.00008
Marie Lennersand, Linda Oja
{"title":"Responses to witchcraft in late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Sweden","authors":"Marie Lennersand, Linda Oja","doi":"10.7765/9781526137265.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526137265.00008","url":null,"abstract":"The witch-hunts of the early modern period must have left a profound mark on many local communities. The intense trials and executions which took place during the second half of the seventeenth century were dreadful events that touched many people. All those involved, from the accused and the witnesses to the judges and the clergy, had to make decisions that changed and even ended people’s lives. Other people too must have remembered the accusations, and felt the fear and hatred for a long time afterwards. Those involved had families, neighbours and friends who were, at the very least, emotionally affected by the proceedings. Moreover, such events were difficult not only for individuals but also for local societies as a unit. In a time when unity, neighbourliness and harmony were meant to characterise a good Christian society, the disorder that a large-scale witch-hunt created was especially threatening. So what happened in a community following a witch-hunt? In the years that followed people had to go on living together. But what became of them? Were the accused witches who had not been executed reintegrated into the local society, or were they forever witches in the eyes of their neighbours? What relationship did the accusers have to the people they had accused, or the families of those who had been executed? Did the witch accusations go on in some other form? Were new conflicts created instead? The issue of the aftermath is important because witch-hunts did not begin or end with the trial proceedings. There was usually a long history of related events following a trial as well as leading up to it. In this context it is important to question both the ways in which local society affected a witch-hunt and how the witch-hunt altered the lives of everybody involved. In the historiography of witchcraft it has been recognised that the background and the relationships between the involved parties in a witchhunt were determining factors for how things would turn out. Even if accuser and accused had not been involved in face-to-face conflicts before the accusations were made, certain patterns can be detected in how the witch-hunt","PeriodicalId":176832,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the witch trials","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127715794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From illusion to disenchantment 从幻觉到幻灭
Beyond the witch trials Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.7765/9781526137265.00007
María Tausiet
{"title":"From illusion to disenchantment","authors":"María Tausiet","doi":"10.7765/9781526137265.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526137265.00007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176832,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the witch trials","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122450153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The dissemination of magical knowledge in Enlightenment Germany 启蒙时期德国魔法知识的传播
Beyond the witch trials Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.7765/9781526137265.00014
S. Doering-Manteuffel, S. Bachter
{"title":"The dissemination of magical knowledge in Enlightenment Germany","authors":"S. Doering-Manteuffel, S. Bachter","doi":"10.7765/9781526137265.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526137265.00014","url":null,"abstract":"The so-called Age of Enlightenment has traditionally been portrayed as a phase of European history during which new philosophies came into existence concerning people’s ability to determine their own fate through reason. This era saw the development of future-oriented conceptions of state and society as well as new ideas about mankind’s ability to control and govern nature. The dominance of theological world-views ceded considerable ground to secular intellectual concepts. Latin disappeared as the language of elite discourse. Increased educational provision provided access to sources of knowledge that were previously unattainable to all but a few. A market for books and newspapers, for journals and weeklies developed rapidly.1 More and more people lower down the social scale became increasingly involved in a literary culture. Accordingly, the ‘common’ people began to learn from their history. They were taught new methods of agriculture, trade and morals, were informed of the latest achievements and news from all over the world by self-appointed public enlighteners.2 As the eighteenth century progressed the populace became increasingly divorced from the old traditional oral cultures and conceptions of the world. Although there are some truths in this classic version of the Enlightenment there is reason to give it only partial credence, as the study of supernatural literature of the period demonstrates. The development of printed media during the second half of the seventeenth century created a new information culture, which came to play a dominant role in the spread of new, more ‘rational’ ideas, yet not all of the information disseminated immediately strikes one as being ‘enlightened’.3 Business-minded publishers took advantage of the continued, widespread belief in magic and supernatural phenomena. Belief in miracles, magic knowledge and fortune-telling were exploited in the new market, and the more literature that was printed in general, the more magic and occult literature was also printed. By the end of the eighteenth century, the market for mass-produced literature on magic and the occult had been established, and in the following century this","PeriodicalId":176832,"journal":{"name":"Beyond the witch trials","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130353590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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