{"title":"Crystal arthritis","authors":"K. Rome, E. Roddy","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198734451.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734451.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Many different crystal types can form in the body and potentially cause acute synovitis, chronic arthropathy, or periarticular syndromes. The most common and clinically relevant crystals are monosodium urate, the causative agent in gout, and calcium pyrophosphate, both of which commonly affect the foot and ankle. Foot involvement, particularly the first metatarsophalangeal joint, is the clinical hallmark of gout.","PeriodicalId":176554,"journal":{"name":"The Foot and Ankle in Rheumatology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116592058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Osteoarthritis","authors":"A. Keenan, S. Munteanu","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198734451.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734451.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we will cover osteoarthritis. First we will provide an overview, with definitions, pathogenesis and risk factors, and clinical features, followed by recommendations for holistic management of the disease. A detailed discussion on the prevalence and impact of foot disease is then given, by area of the foot. Specific non-pharmacological and pharmacological management are described, and surgical options are outlined. Finally, clinical trials and the future direction of research are covered.","PeriodicalId":176554,"journal":{"name":"The Foot and Ankle in Rheumatology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123614485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spondyloarthropathies","authors":"D. Turner, P. Helliwell","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198734451.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734451.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The spondyloarthropathies include ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. The hallmark clinical features are inflammatory spinal disease, dactylitis, and enthesitis, together with an asymmetrical oligoarthritis, often of the lower limbs. Psoriaform skin and nail changes are also frequently seen, and, less commonly, but characteristically, a mutilating arthritis with severe deformity of the toes. These unique features often allow a diagnosis to be made purely on clinical examination of the lower limbs. However, these features also provide challenges for local treatments as skin disease may complicate the use of orthoses and percutaneous steroid injections. However, the importance of mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of these disorders almost mandates a combined mechanical and pharmacological approach to treatment.","PeriodicalId":176554,"journal":{"name":"The Foot and Ankle in Rheumatology","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131468881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis","authors":"G. Hendry","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198734451.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734451.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of foot problems in adults with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases is generally well established. However, in contrast, the impact of foot problems in children with rheumatic diseases has received relatively little attention. Therefore this chapter provides an overview of the most common rheumatic disorder of childhood: juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), with a focus on how it affects the foot, how it impacts on foot function, gait, and activities of daily living, and its associated assessment and management strategies. We acknowledge that other rheumatic disorders of childhood such as (but not limited to) juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis may occasionally present with foot-related impairments; however, these are less likely to affect the foot and ankle in the same way or to the same extent as JIA, and podiatrists are often less involved in management of these conditions. Therefore this chapter will focus on JIA, which frequently affects the foot and ankle and often requires podiatric contributions to the overall management strategies implemented by a multidisciplinary team.","PeriodicalId":176554,"journal":{"name":"The Foot and Ankle in Rheumatology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131387465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathomechanics and gait analysis","authors":"G. Chapman, P. Helliwell","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198734451.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198734451.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Gait analysis is the systematic study of human walking. This chapter summarizes currently available gait analysis techniques that are available to the clinician and researcher. Gait analysis can be used alongside clinical history and examination and other special investigations to gain a better understanding of the relationship between joint disease, impairment, and compensatory gait mechanisms. Abnormal pathology leads to abnormal biomechanics, and tools that demonstrate these changes can lead to insights into the effects of the disease on function, in disease progression, and the impact of physical treatments. Plantar pressure measurement techniques yield valuable information on structure and function and are probably the most likely tool to be used in clinical practice. Three-dimensional joint kinematic and kinetic analyses are more difficult to perform and interpret and are likely to remain largely research tools. Gait analysis techniques will drive experimental work to further advance core knowledge and inform future development of customized approaches to conservative therapies such as footwear and orthosis manufacture, as well as foot surgery.","PeriodicalId":176554,"journal":{"name":"The Foot and Ankle in Rheumatology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126387996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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