Journal of Water Resource and Protection最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of the Water Quality of the Benin River, Southern Nigeria, Prior to the Seaport Development Project","authors":"Anthony E. Ogbeibu, Priscilla A. Oriabure","doi":"10.4236/jwarp.2023.1511033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2023.1511033","url":null,"abstract":"Water resources in the form of rivers, oceans and seas are prime natural resources that man has either explored or exploited. The need for clean water is on the increase and water degradation due to industrialization and development has further exacerbated the state of water bodies’ degradation. The need to assess the quality status of the Benin River prior to the seaport development was inherent to document the baseline of the physicochemical parameters of the study stretch. Four stations were studied from Ajoki to opposite Young Town between January 2019 and December 2020. Physicochemical parameters and heavy metals for water were collected and analyzed adhering to quality assurance/control measures and standard procedures. Significant spatial variations (P < 0.001) were observed in water physicochemical parameters, except pH across the four stations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Pollution Load Index and Water Quality Index (WQI) were used to establish a relationship among water quality parameters and determine the water quality status. The first six components of PCA accounted for 87.77% of observed variations. WQI for sampling Station 2 was very poor for drinking (90.46) and Stations 1, 3 and 4 were unsuitable (113.13 - 188.21) for human consumption. PLI showed turbidity as the major pollutant across stations. The concentrations of heavy metals in the Benin River stretch are within background concentration level, except Fe and Cd. The mean dissolved oxygen was below the recommended level of 7 mg/l for aquatic life. The continuous monitoring of this stretch of the River during the seaport development activities and during operational stage is very paramount to prevent further degradation of the environment.","PeriodicalId":17578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135662270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcystin Levels in Selected Cyanobacteria Exposed to Varying Salinity.","authors":"Dy'mon Walker,&nbsp;Somayeh Gharaie Fathabad,&nbsp;Behnam Tabatabai,&nbsp;Sanjeeda Jafar,&nbsp;Viji Sitther","doi":"10.4236/jwarp.2019.114023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2019.114023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microcystins produced by cyanobacteria pose a great threat to human health by releasing toxins upon cell death. In the present study, we studied microcystin production in the cyanobacterial strains <i>Anabaena cylindrica</i> (B629 and 2949) and <i>Fremyella diplosiphon</i> (SF33) exposed to 1, 2 and 4 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl). Cultures grown for 7 days in BG11/HEPES medium were pelleted, re-grown in the corresponding NaCl levels, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed. ELISA assays revealed enhanced microcystin production in <i>A. cylindrica</i> B629 exposed to 4 g/L NaCl and <i>A. cylindrica</i> 29414 exposed to 2 and 4 g/L NaCl, after growth in the corresponding NaCl levels for 14 days. We observed a significant decrease (p >0.05) in microcystin levels in the control strains after exposure to NaCl for 5 days. After exposure to 1, 2, or 4 g/L NaCl for 10 days, no microcystin release was observed in <i>A. cylindrica</i> B629, <i>A. cylindrica</i> 29414 or F. <i>diplosiphon</i> SF33. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified the presence of an additional band at 120 - 130 kDa in <i>A. cylindrica</i> B629 exposed to 2 and 4 g/L NaCl, and at 14 kDa in cultures amended with 1 and 2 g/L NaCl as well as the untreated control, indicating that exposure to salinity induces alterations in protein expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":17578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7010315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37630541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Structures of Phytoplankton with Emphasis on Toxic Cyanobacteria in an Ohio Inland Lake during Bloom Season.","authors":"Ke Chen,&nbsp;Joel Allen,&nbsp;Jingrang Lu","doi":"10.4236/jwarp.2017.911083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2017.911083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The community structures of phytoplankton are important factors and indicators of lake water quality. Harmful algal blooms severely impact water supply, recreational activities and wildlife habitat. This study aimed to examine the phytoplankton composition and variations using microscopy, and identify harmful Cyanobacteria in weekly samples taken from four sites at Harsha Lake in southwest Ohio. Over the course of the summer in 2015, the phytoplankton of Harsha Lake consisted mainly of 13 taxa belonging to Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Cyanobacteria, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta. Their significant successions started with Bacillariophyta and/or Chlorophyta, then bloomed with Cyanobacteria and ended with Chlorophyta and/or Dinophyta. Cyanobacteria members: <i>Microcystis</i>, <i>Planktothrix</i>, <i>Dolichospermum</i>, <i>Aphanizomenon</i>, <i>Cylindrospermopsis</i>, and <i>Oscillatoria</i> from the <i>Cyanophyceae</i> were identified to be dominant genera. These organisms varied spatially and temporally in similar patterns along with the variations of nutrients and formed the summer bloom with the total biomasses ranging from 0.01 to 114.89 mg L^-1 with mean of 22.88 mg L^-1. <i>M. aeruginosa</i> and <i>P. rubescens</i> were revealed as the microcystin producers, while <i>A. circinalis</i> and <i>Aphanizomenon</i> sp. were identified as a saxitoxin producer through cloning and sequencing PCR products of <i>mcyA</i>, <i>mcyE</i> and <i>sxtA</i> genes. The biomasses of phytoplankton, Cyanobacteria and <i>Microcystis</i> were positively correlated to nutrients, especially to total nitrogen. The total ELISA measurement for microcystin positively correlated with Cyanobacteria (R² = 0.66, P < 0.0001), <i>Microcystis</i> (R² = 0.64, P < 0.0001) and phytoplankton (R² = 0.59, P < 0.0001). The basic information on the occurrence and biomasses of Cyanobacteria and total phytoplankton, and the analysis for toxic species, which were the first report for the inland water in Ohio, USA, will document the succession patterns of phytoplankton and toxin production over a season and provide data to predict risk occurrence to both human and ecological factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":17578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6071676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36370628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between Soil Moisture and Air Temperature in the Mississippi River Basin.","authors":"Chunling Tang,&nbsp;Dong Chen","doi":"10.4236/jwarp.2017.910073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2017.910073","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing air temperatures are expected to continue in the future. The relation between soil moisture and near surface air temperature is significant for climate change and climate extremes. Evaluation of the relations between soil moisture and temperature was performed by developing a quantile regression model, a wavelet coherency model, and a Mann-Kendall correlation model from 1950 to 2010 in the Mississippi River Basin. The results indicate that first, anomaly air temperature is negatively correlated to anomaly soil moisture in the upper and lower basin, and however, the correlation between them are mixed in the middle basin. The correlation is stronger at the higher quantile (90th) of the two variables. Second, anomaly soil moisture and air temperature show strong coherency in annual frequency, indicating that the two variables are interannually correlated. Third, annual air temperature is significant negatively related to soil moisture, indicating that dry (wet) soil leads to warm (cool) weather in the basin. These results have potential application to future climate change research and water resource management. Also, the strong relationship between soil moisture and air temperature at annual scale could result in improved temperature predictability.","PeriodicalId":17578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6104848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36429897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Regional Karst Aquifer System and Assessment of Groundwater Resources in Manatí-Vega Baja, Puerto Rico.","authors":"Balati Maihemuti,&nbsp;Reza Ghasemizadeh,&nbsp;Xue Yu,&nbsp;Ingrid Padilla,&nbsp;Akram N Alshawabkeh","doi":"10.4236/jwarp.2015.712075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2015.712075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The North Coast karst aquifer system of Puerto Rico, the most productive aquifer of the island, is a vital water source for drinking water and local ecosystems. High freshwater demands alter the coastal groundwater system that impacts both human populations and coastal ecosystems of the island. To predict how this system might respond to rainfall events and high pumping demands, we used the equivalent porous medium (EPM) technique to develop a three-dimensional ground-water flow model to estimate hydrogeological parameters and assess groundwater resources in the Manatí-Vega Baja karst aquifer. The approach is based on the hypothesis that the simplified EPM approach will reproduce groundwater hydrodynamics in this complex karst environment. The steady-state model was calibrated with trial and error and parameter estimation methods using an observed groundwater table of 1995 (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001, n = 39). The large-scale simulation suggested that groundwater flow roughly follows the elevation slope [<i>i.e</i>. south to north). Calibrated hydraulic conductivities range from 0.5 to 86 m/d, whereas the hydro-geologic data strongly suggest higher permeability in the middle karst section of the study area. The transient model adequately estimates the observed groundwater fluctuations in response to rainfall events from 1980 until 2014. The transient results indicate that the conceptual model accuracy is more acceptable with a mean error (ME) of -0.132 m, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.542 m and root mean square (RMSE) error of 0.365 m. The results of water budget simulation show that the total recharge satisfies the total groundwater withdrawal rate in the past, but continuous closure of more contaminated wells causes groundwater levels to increase in the future. The results indicate that the assumption of applicability of EPM approach is sustained and supported by measured data in the study area. Taking future water demands into account, this model could be applied further to predict the changes of groundwater levels and mass balance under different exploitation scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":17578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Resource and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6530940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37273995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}