SOSP History Day 2015最新文献

Reminiscences on SOSP history day 纪念SOSP历史日

SOSP History Day 2015 Pub Date : 2015-10-04 DOI: 10.1145/2830903.2847551

P. Neumann

引用次数: 0

SOSP History Day 2015 Pub Date : 2015-10-04 DOI: 10.1145/2830903.2830904

P. Denning

{"title":"Perspectives on OS foundations","authors":"P. Denning","doi":"10.1145/2830903.2830904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830903.2830904","url":null,"abstract":"My question is: how and when did the key OS principles emerge? Timelines of the evolution of operating systems follow available technologies and respond to market concerns. There were four stages from the 1950s to present: batch, interactive, distributed network, and cloud-mobile. The SOSP symposia, founded to focus on developing and validating OS principles, have involved thousands of researchers over the past fifty years. OS research has contributed a dozen great principles to all of computer science, including as processes, locality, interactive computing, concurrency control, location independent naming, and virtualization. I will look more closely at the research around two principles I was involved with: locality and location independent naming. Virtual memory -- a new, alluring, but controversial technology in the 1960s -- motivated both areas. The early concerns were whether the automation of paging would perform well, and whether name-to-location mappings could be done with no significant performance degradation. Performance was a major concern for virtual memory because the speed gap between a main memory access and a disk address was 10,000 or more; even a few page faults hurt performance. (The gap is worse today.) We hypothesized that paging would perform well if memory managers could guarantee that each process's working set is in memory. We justified this from intuitions about locality, which predicts that the working set is the maximum likelihood predictor of the process's memory demand in the immediate future. These ideas were extensively validated through years of study of paging algorithms, multiprogramming, and thrashing, leading to control systems that measured working sets, avoided thrashing, and optimized system throughput. Locality is harnessed today in all levels of systems, including the many layers of cache built into chips and memory control systems, the platforms for powering cloud computing, and in the Internet itself to cache pages near their frequent users and avoid bottlenecks at popular servers. Location independent naming is the other principle that permeated all generations of virtual memory over the years. This principle gave us hierarchical systems to generate names and very fast mappings from names to the physical locations of objects. This principle was present in the original virtual memory, which had a contiguous address space made of pages, and is present in today's Internet, which provides a huge address space made of URLs, DOIs, and capabilities.","PeriodicalId":175724,"journal":{"name":"SOSP History Day 2015","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132471824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Perspectives on protection and security 对保护和安全的看法

SOSP History Day 2015 Pub Date : 2015-10-04 DOI: 10.1145/2830903.2830905

引用次数: 3

The rise of cloud computing systems 云计算系统的兴起

SOSP History Day 2015 Pub Date : 2015-10-04 DOI: 10.1145/2830903.2830913

J. Dean

{"title":"The rise of cloud computing systems","authors":"J. Dean","doi":"10.1145/2830903.2830913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830903.2830913","url":null,"abstract":"In this talk I will describe the development of systems that underlie modern cloud computing systems. This development shares much of its motivation with the related fields of transaction processing systems and high performance computing, but because of scale, these systems tend to have more emphasis on fault tolerance using software techniques. Important developments in the development of modern cloud systems include very high performance distributed file system, such as the Google File System (Ghemawat et al., SOSP 2003), reliable computational frameworks such as MapReduce (Dean & Ghemawat, OSDI 2004) and Dryad (Isard et al., 2007), and large scale structured storage systems such as BigTable (Chang et al. 2006), Dynamo (DeCandia et al., 2007), and Spanner (Corbett et al., 2012). Scheduling computations can either be done using virtual machines (exemplified by VMWare's products), or as individual processes or containers. The development of public cloud platforms such as AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform, allow external developers to utilize these large-scale services to build new and interesting services and products, benefiting from the economies of scale of large datacenters and the ability to grow and shrink computing resources on demand across millions of customers.","PeriodicalId":175724,"journal":{"name":"SOSP History Day 2015","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132630819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The network and the OS 网络和操作系统

SOSP History Day 2015 Pub Date : 2015-10-04 DOI: 10.1145/2830903.2830912

D. Clark

引用次数: 5

Past and future of hardware and architecture 硬件和架构的过去和未来

SOSP History Day 2015 Pub Date : 2015-10-04 DOI: 10.1145/2830903.2830910

D. Patterson

{"title":"Past and future of hardware and architecture","authors":"D. Patterson","doi":"10.1145/2830903.2830910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830903.2830910","url":null,"abstract":"We start by looking back at 50 years of computer architecture, where philosophical debates on instruction sets (RISC vs. CISC, VLIW vs. RISC) and parallel architectures (NUMA vs clusters) were settled with billion dollar investments on both sides. In the second half, we look forward. First, Moore's Law is ending, so the free ride is over software-oblivious increasing performance. Since we've already played the multicore card, the most-likely/only path left is domain-specific processors. The memory system is radically changing too. First, Jim Gray's decade-old prediction is finally true: \"Tape is dead; flash is disk; disk is tape.\" New ways to connect to DRAM and new non-volatile memory technologies promise to make the memory hierarchy even deeper. Finally, and surprisingly, there is now widespread agreement on instruction set architecture, namely Reduced Instruction Set Computers. However, unlike most other fields, despite this harmony has been no open alternative to proprietary offerings from ARM and Intel. RISC-V (\"RISC Five\") is the proposed free and open champion. It has a small base of classic RISC instructions that run a full open-source software stack; opcodes reserved for tailoring an System-On-a-Chip (SOC) to applications; standard instruction extensions optionally included in an SoC; and it is unrestricted: there is no cost, no paperwork, and anyone can use it. The ability to prototype using ever-more-powerful FPGAs and astonishingly inexpensive custom chips combined with collaboration on open-source software and hardware offers hope of a new golden era for hardware/software systems.","PeriodicalId":175724,"journal":{"name":"SOSP History Day 2015","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131373776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Overview of the day 当日概览

SOSP History Day 2015 Pub Date : 2015-10-04 DOI: 10.1145/2830903.2839321

Jeanna Neefe Matthews

引用次数: 0

Evolution of file and memory management 文件和内存管理的演变

SOSP History Day 2015 Pub Date : 2015-10-04 DOI: 10.1145/2830903.2830907

M. Satyanarayanan

{"title":"Evolution of file and memory management","authors":"M. Satyanarayanan","doi":"10.1145/2830903.2830907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830903.2830907","url":null,"abstract":"Mahadev Satyanarayanan (Satya) presented his thoughts on \"The Evolution of Memory and File Systems\". He observed that over a 60-year period, there have been four drivers of progress: the quests for scale, performance, transparency, and robustness. At the dawn of computing, the quest for scale was dominant. Easing the memory limitations of early computers was crucial to the growth of computing and the creation of new applications, because memory was so scarce and so expensive. That quest has been phenomenally successful. On a cost per bit basis, volatile and persistent memory technologies have improved by nearly 13 orders of magnitude. The quest for performance has been dominated by the growing gap between processor performance and memory performance. This gap has been most apparent since the use of DRAM technology by the early 1980s, but it was already a serious issue 20 years before that in the era of core memory. Over time, memory hierarchies of increasing depth have improved average case performance by exploiting temporal and spatial locality. These have been crucial in overcoming the processor-memory performance gap, with clever prefetching and write-back techniques also playing important roles. For the first decade or so, the price of improving scale and performance was the need to rewrite software as computers were replaced by new ones. By the early 1960s, this cost was becoming significant. Over time, as people costs have increased relative to hardware costs, disruptive software changes have become unacceptable. This has led to the quest for transparency. In its System/360, IBM pioneered the concept of an invariant architecture with multiple implementations at different price/performance points. The principle of transparent management of data across levels of a memory hierarchy, which we broadly term \"caching\", was pioneered at the software level by the Atlas computer in the early 1960s. At the hardware level, it was demonstrated first in the IBM System 360 Model 85 in 1968. Since then, caching has been applied at virtually every system level and is today perhaps the most ubiquitous and powerful systems technique for achieving scale, performance and transparency. By the late 1960s, as computers began to used in mission-critical contexts, the negative impact of hardware and software failures escalated. This led to he emergence of techniques to improve robustness even at the possible cost of performance or storage efficiency. The concept of separate address spaces emerged partly because it isolated the consequences of buggy software. Improved resilience to buggy sofware has also been one of the reasons that memory and file systems have remained distinct, even though systems based on the single-level storage concept have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In addition, to cope with hardware, software and networking failures, technqiues such as RAID, software replication, and disconnected operation emerged. The quest for robustness ","PeriodicalId":175724,"journal":{"name":"SOSP History Day 2015","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127011031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The founding of the SOSP conferences SOSP会议的成立

SOSP History Day 2015 Pub Date : 2015-10-04 DOI: 10.1145/2830903.2839323

J. Dennis

引用次数: 0

Evolution of fault tolerance 容错性的演变

SOSP History Day 2015 Pub Date : 2015-10-04 DOI: 10.1145/2830903.2830908

K. Birman

{"title":"Evolution of fault tolerance","authors":"K. Birman","doi":"10.1145/2830903.2830908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830903.2830908","url":null,"abstract":"Ken Birman's talk focused on controversies surrounding fault-tolerance and consistency. Looking at the 1990's, he pointed to debate around the so-called CATOCS question (CATOCS refers to causally and totally ordered communication primitives) and drew a parallel to the more modern debate about consistency at cloud scale (often referred to as the CAP conjecture). Ken argued that the underlying tension is actually one that opposes basic principles of the field against the seemingly unavoidable complexity of mechanisms strong enough to solve consensus, particularly the family of protocols with Paxos-like structures. Over time, this was resolved: He concluded that today, we finally know how to build very fast and scalable solutions (those who attended SOSP 2015 itself saw ten or more of the paper on such topics). On the other hand, Ken sees a new generation of challenges on the horizon: cloud-scale applications that will need a novel mix of scalable consistency and real-time guarantees, will need to leverage new new hardware options (RDMA, NVRAM and other \"middle memory\" options), and may need to be restructured to reflect a control-plane/data-plane split. These trends invite a new look at what has become a core topic for the SOSP community.","PeriodicalId":175724,"journal":{"name":"SOSP History Day 2015","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128559215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3