PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Economic Case for Protecting Biodiversity","authors":"G. Heal","doi":"10.3386/w27963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w27963","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes in non-technical terms the economic case for conserving biodiversity, and explains why we cannot rely on market forces to do this task. It reviews the policy interventions that could help in biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128803148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary Ecolabels in International Trade Law: A Case Study of the EU Ecolabel","authors":"Ming Du","doi":"10.1093/jel/eqaa022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqaa022","url":null,"abstract":"One category of voluntary approaches to environmental governance is ecolabels used to nudge consumers towards purchasing environmentally friendly products. The purpose of this article is to critically review the trade law implications of voluntary ecolabels, with special reference to the EU Ecolabel. For a long time, the lack of trade disputes related to the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) before the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body rendered research on the legality of voluntary ecolabels in trade law unavoidably speculative. Consequently, the existing scholarship has failed to inform the environment law community clearly how trade law views voluntary ecolabels. This article aims to fill the gap in the literature by evaluating the consistency of the EU Ecolabel with the TBT rules. The article concludes that it is highly unlikely that the EU Ecolabel may be found inconsistent with the TBT Agreement. Nevertheless, there remains some legal risks.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121589573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Theoretical and Methodological Support for Evaluating the Feasibility of Strategic Measures to Ensure the Economic Sustainability of the Country","authors":"Rony Md. Masud","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2020.210854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.210854","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the process of assessing two different situations before and after COVID-19, as well as recognizing these problems and ways to minimize losses, using the example of Bangladesh. This paper describes the economy of Bangladesh before the outbreak of the pandemic, the relationship between the two different sides of the economy, the likely impact of this pandemic in the coming fiscal years, and proposals that can minimize the risks of loss.<br><br>The global economy is linked through cross-border flows of goods, services, financial capital, foreign direct investment, remittances, exchange rates, know-how, people, resources, experts, and international banking. There-fore, the most significant negative impacts on Bangladesh are the decline in exports of ready-made garments, the cessation of tourism and air travel, a decrease in the number of financial transactions, the closure of commercial firms, a decrease in local consumption, and many entrepreneurs and workers are left without work. Over the past 30 years, the country’s GDP has been growing. This gave the country the fastest growing economy in the Asia-Pacific region, even considering the fact that it is a land of natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, droughts, famines, storm surges, river bank erosion, earthquakes, droughts, salinization of groundwater and tsunamis. In addition, Bangladesh has a track record of accelerating GDP growth when the world faced a global recession called the Wal-Mart effect.<br><br>During the work, general scientific and special research methods were used. Data included Bangladesh’s real GDP, reserves, exports, imports, remittances, and foreign aid.<br><br>It has been proven that to stimulate the economy, governments must take both fiscal and monetary measures, and policies and rules will be more effective if fiscal and monetary policies are well aligned.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130587348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence of Sectoral CO 2 Emissions Across States and Territories in Australia","authors":"Sefa Awaworyi Churchill, K. Dogah, Kris Ivanovski","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3673249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3673249","url":null,"abstract":"We examine convergence in sectoral CO2 emissions across eight states and territories in Australia. We examine club convergence for nine sectors across the states and territories over the period 1990–2017. We find evidence of multiple convergence clubs for the total of all sectors as well as for the eight sectors under investigation. However, we find no evidence of full club convergence in any one sector highlighting that emissions across Australian states and territories converge to multiple equilibria depending on the sector under investigation. These results lend support to the need for tailored policies unique to particular cluster of regions that will target the reduction of CO2 emissions in specific sectors.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133208969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability in Asia: Family Business at the Forefront","authors":"S. Mezias, I. Pant, R. Abzug","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3370819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3370819","url":null,"abstract":"We interview the leaders of six successful family firms based in SE Asia about their efforts to make their organizations more sustainable. Although the sectors, histories, and locations of these firms differ, they share visions of sustainability rooted in continuing success for the family and the community. In reviewing these cases, we were struck by similarities in the sources that pushed these firms towards sustainability initiatives, the challenges of implementing them, and the winning strategies that helped the leaders of these firms overcome these challenges. After presenting the six cases, we develop these themes in more detail to suggest implications and consider the relevance of these efforts to global sustainability efforts.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129171569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology for the Study of Institutional Sustainability for Countering Contemporary Threats as a Tool for Improvement of the National Defense System Management","authors":"V. Terziev, Mitko Stoykov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3665270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3665270","url":null,"abstract":"In order to support the updating and improving of national expertise, it is necessary to develop scientific and scientifically applied tools such as methodologies for expert evaluation of the sustainability of modern administrative units and their institutional capacities, as well as the need for internal interinstitutional and international cooperation to counteract of modern threats to national security. Scientific instruments have been selected for the conduct of the study to carry out quantitative and qualitative measurements, evaluations and analyses, the application of which in a specific sequence forms a specialized scientific methodology for the complementary of measurement, evaluation and analytical techniques, as well as for the enhancement of representativeness and reliability of the obtained results.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123831113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 Prevention and Air Pollution in the Absence of a Lockdown","authors":"Hung‐Hao Chang, C. Meyerhoefer, Fengping Yang","doi":"10.3386/w27604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w27604","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies demonstrate that air quality improved during the coronavirus pandemic due to the imposition of social lockdowns. We investigate the impact of COVID-19 on air pollution in the two largest cities in Taiwan, which were not subject to economic or mobility restrictions. Using a generalized difference-in-differences approach and real-time data on air quality and transportation, we estimate that levels of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter increased 5 - 12 percent relative to 2017 - 2019. We demonstrate that this counterintuitive finding is likely due to a shift in preferences for mode of transport away from public transportation and towards personal automobiles. Similar COVID-19 prevention behaviors in regions or countries emerging from lockdowns could likewise result in an increase in air pollution.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114137731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El emprendimiento rural en la construcción de paz: análisis de la (des)articulación en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia (Rural Entrepreneurship in Peacebuilding: Analysis Of (Dis) Articulation in Valle Del Cauca, Colombia)","authors":"Cristian Bedoya-Dorado, M. Castro-Peña, Alexandra Hoyos-Bravo","doi":"10.18601/16578651.n27.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/16578651.n27.05","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl Valle del Cauca es uno de los departamentos donde mas impactos ha tenido el conflicto armado. Historicamente, ha tenido una tradicion agroindustrial, y gran parte de su territorio se caracteriza por zonas rurales en las que se desarrolla esta actividad economica. Algunas investigaciones sugieren que los emprendimientos desarrollados en las zonas rurales configuran un pilar fundamental para la construccion de paz, por el impacto en el desarrollo economico y social, asi como en los procesos de construccion de tejido social, reparacion y reincorporacion a la vida civil. El presente articulo tiene como objetivo analizar la articulacion de los emprendimientos rurales con las apuestas de construccion de paz en el Valle del Cauca. La discusion se desarrolla desde las nociones de ecosistema de emprendimiento y emprendimiento rural. Los resultados evidencian una desarticulacion del emprendimiento rural con los ecosistemas de emprendimiento del departamento, y con las apuestas de construccion de paz. EnglishValle del Cauca constitutes one of the Departments most affected by the armed conflict. Historically the department has had an agro-industrial tradition, and a large part of its territory is characterized by rural areas where this economic activity is carried out. Some research suggests that the enterprises developed in rural areas form a fundamental pillar for the construction of peace, due to their impact on economic and social development, as well as in the processes of construction of social fabric, reparation and return to civilian life. This article aims to analyse the articulation of rural enterprises with peacebuilding stakes in Valle del Cauca. The discussion takes place from the notion of Ecosystem of Entrepreneurship and Rural Entrepreneurship. The results show a disarticulation of rural entrepreneurship with the department’s entrepreneurial ecosystems, and with the peacebuilding stakes.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128388592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Environment, Society and Governance Scores on Investment Returns and Stock Market Volatility","authors":"Bharat Kumar Meher, Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar, Latasha Mohapatra, C. Spulbar, Felicia Ramona Birau","doi":"10.32479/ijeep.9311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9311","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability reporting and disclosure in India have received significant attention over the most recent few years propelled to a large extent by investors and policymakers. The sustainable business leadership forum (SBLF) has been closely working with many firms, owners of the companies, and policymakers to single out the relationship between investment and environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure. Besides that, SBLF has had a coordinated conversation about the anticipations, concerns, difficulties, and realities surrounding ESG estimation. This ESG criteria refer to three important elements that are considered by investors with regards to the ethical impact of firms and sustainable practices. As per the literature companies with higher ESG scores are better investment picks. This paper attempts to assess the volatility and returns of Indian companies and to measure the impact of ESG scores on returns and volatility with the help of panel regression.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"11 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129520545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrot or Stick? Supplier Diversity and its Impact on Carbon Emission Reduction Strategies","authors":"Herbie Huang, S. Narayanan, Jayashankar M. Swaminathan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3559770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3559770","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: This study examines the antecedents and consequences of knowledge sharing and monitoring based governance strategies on emissions reduction. We theorize, and empirically test, the impact of supply base diversity in industry and geographic locations on the governance strategy choices. \u0000 \u0000Academic/Practical relevance: Engaging in emissions reduction is an important priority for companies large and small. Few empirical studies have systematically examined supply chain governance strategies with large scale empirical data. Such a data-based analysis may provide managers with clues to implementing and assessing the efficacy of these strategies. \u0000 \u0000Methodology: We use a diverse set of data sources that include CDP, Compustat, Factset, and Trucost, among others. We used a multinomial logit framework to model the strategies choices. To evaluate implications of governance strategies, we used a treatment effect model to provide an estimate of the impact of adopting different governance strategies on the GHG emissions intensity changes. \u0000 \u0000Results: We find that sector and regional diversity both have a significant impact on emissions reduction strategies, yet their direct and interactive impacts are different. Regarding consequences, we find that engaging suppliers is associated with GHG emissions reduction for both buyers and suppliers. Specifically, monitoring (knowledge sharing) can lower total emissions intensity by 2.6% (3%) for the firm and 3.8% (1.3%) for supplier. \u0000 \u0000Managerial implications: Our findings provide insights for managers making decisions about GHG emissions reduction strategy and assess its magnitude.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126370649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}