Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy最新文献_第9页

Probability of failure and factor of safety in the design of interramp angles in a large open iron ore mine 大型露天铁矿匝道角设计中的失效概率与安全系数

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/2025/2022

V. N. Torres, R. Dockendorff, J. Sotomayor, C. Castro, A.F. Silva

{"title":"Probability of failure and factor of safety in the design of interramp angles in a large open iron ore mine","authors":"V. N. Torres, R. Dockendorff, J. Sotomayor, C. Castro, A.F. Silva","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/2025/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2025/2022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the importance of performing probabilistic analyses in open pits, especially for mine planning, which can lead to more efficient ore extraction and meeting the acceptability criteria for safety in mine slopes. Three-dimensional stability analyses were performed to evaluate the future geometry of a large open pit for iron ore extraction in Brazil. The strength parameters of the lithologies were calibrated using ruptures in the pit walls. After determining the factors of safety (FoSs) from the calibrated parameters, probabilistic analyses were performed using the total range of values of each parameter under different field conditions to verify the reliability of the initial analysis. In this sense, it was possible to plot the probability of failure (PoF) and the FoS on the graph of slope height versus slope interramp angle (IRA) for the future pit in each lithology. IRA recommendations are made for two scenarios: (1) the best scenario: dry without ubiquitous joints and (2) the worst scenario: the water table at 10 m depth with ubiquitous joints in the most unfavourable direction. The results show that probabilistic evaluation is an important tool for establishing alert mechanisms in slopes that can be termed stable.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47217451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quality control in tailings resource exploration at Havelock Mine, Eswatini 斯威士兰Havelock矿尾矿资源勘探的质量控制

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1612/2022

S. Gan, L. Birrell, D. Robbertze, B. Zhao, E. van Niekerk, L. Ncubi

{"title":"Quality control in tailings resource exploration at Havelock Mine, Eswatini","authors":"S. Gan, L. Birrell, D. Robbertze, B. Zhao, E. van Niekerk, L. Ncubi","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1612/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1612/2022","url":null,"abstract":"Quality assurance and quality control (or QAQC) plays a key role in safeguarding the level of confidence of the data generated during mineral exploration and mine development, and is also part of the reporting code requirements for resource estimation and reporting, as well as mining investment. Implementation of good policies and working protocols in quality management will result in the generation of reliable information, which is critical for decision-making on the future of the mining project. The use of certified reference materials, i.e., standard, blank, and duplicate samples, proves effective and efficient for ensuring the level of data confidence in terms of precision, accuracy, and sample contamination. This is well demonstrated by the practice of QC in the exploration programme for the chrysotile tailings storage facilities of Havelock Mine, using 1254 samples from 53 drill-holes. Different statistical tools were applied to analyse the assay results from these samples. The outcome substantiates that the QC practice established during the Havelock exploration project is aligned to best practice guidelines in the industry. The resource delineated indicates that the tailings material at Havelock could potentially become a significant source of supply to the global magnesium market.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47236797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Modelling and analysis of a hydraulic support prop under impact load 液压支柱在冲击载荷作用下的建模与分析

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1574/2022

G. Zhai, X. Yang

{"title":"Modelling and analysis of a hydraulic support prop under impact load","authors":"G. Zhai, X. Yang","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1574/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1574/2022","url":null,"abstract":"The prop is the most important part to ensure the proper functioning of hydraulic support. When the hydraulic support is impacted by the roof, the prop is prone to extrusion deformation, expansion, and even bursting. In order to study the stress on a doubly-telescopic hydraulic support prop under impact load, an impact simulation was carried out based on the drop weight method. First, the impact model of the hydraulic system of the prop was established in AMESim software and the dynamic response curves of the bottom and middle cylinder of the prop obtained. Then, according to the conservation of energy, the pressure formulaes in the hydraulic cylinder of the prop under impact load were derived and verified by the AMESim simulation results, and the maximum pressure on the inner surface of the hydraulic cylinder of the prop obtained. Lastly, the transient dynamic simulation of a hydraulic support prop was carried out in ANSYS Workbench software, and cloud diagrams of stress and deformation of the prop obtained using Workbench simulation. The AMESim simulation process describes the change in fluid pressure in the prop, and the pressure formulae can be used to estimate the internal pressure of the prop under impact load. The finite element analysis results show that the stress of the middle hydraulic cylinder is much greater than that on the bottom hydraulic cylinder under impact load, which can provide a reference for prop design.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49399244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of titanium content on solidification structure of ferritic stainless steel gas-tungsten and gas-metal arc welds 钛含量对铁素体不锈钢钨极气体保护焊凝固组织的影响

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1944/2022

L. Linda, P. Pistorius

{"title":"Effect of titanium content on solidification structure of ferritic stainless steel gas-tungsten and gas-metal arc welds","authors":"L. Linda, P. Pistorius","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1944/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1944/2022","url":null,"abstract":"Ferritic stainless steel is utilized to fabricate automotive exhaust systems using a ferritic weld metal. Ductility of the weld metal is higher if its microstructure contains a significant proportion of equiaxed grains. The formation of equiaxed (rather than columnar) grains is favoured by a higher titanium weld metal content. In this study, the Ti content of ferritic stainless steel weld metal was changed by using Ti-free (Type 436) and Ti-containing (441) ferritic stainless steel as base metals. The metal-cored welding consumable contained 0.4% Ti. Gas-tungsten arc welding and gas-metal arc welding processes were compared. The weld metal Ti content ranged from zero to 0.5% Ti, as determined from scanning electron microscopy supplemented by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Cross-sections of the weld beads were subjected to point counting (to estimate the fraction of equiaxed grains) and image analysis (to estimate the average grain size). Point counting proved to be more reliable. The fraction of equiaxed grains was sensitive to the Ti content, but not to the welding process. Below 0.4% Ti, the fraction of equiaxed grains gradually increased with an increase in the weld metal Ti content; above 0.4% Ti, the fraction of equiaxed grains rapidly increased with increasing Ti content. The transition in behaviour at 0.4% Ti corresponded to a Ti content at which Ti-rich precipitates became stable at the estimated liquidus temperature of the weld metal.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48561355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of electrode flux composition on impact toughness of austenitic stainless-steel weld metal 焊条焊剂成分对奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属冲击韧性的影响

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1879/2022

G. Lubbe, P. Pistorius, D. Konadu

{"title":"Effect of electrode flux composition on impact toughness of austenitic stainless-steel weld metal","authors":"G. Lubbe, P. Pistorius, D. Konadu","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1879/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1879/2022","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this investigation was to determine whether the composition of a shielded-metal arc-welding electrode coating affected the low-temperature impact toughness of austenitic stainless-steel weld metal. It is generally accepted that increases in the 5-ferrite and nitrogen contents result in a decrease in toughness at low temperatures. Weld metal from electrodes with a basic coating also generally exhibit better toughness than those from rutile (acidic) electrodes. An increase in basicity was expected to decrease the number and size of inclusions, which in turn provides a tougher weld metal. Three commonly available potassium-rutile E308L electrodes were used, complying with the E308L-16 and E308L-17 specifications. Analysis of the electrode coatings showed very similar chemistry and basicity. Significant differences in the inclusion contents of the weld metals were observed: the E308L-17 weld metal had a lower inclusion content (1.4% by volume) than the E308L-16 weld metal (3.7%). The former had higher impact toughness at all temperatures, despite a slightly higher nitrogen content. Regression analysis confirmed that the inclusion content had a significant effect on the impact toughness at all temperatures.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48417601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of remote-sensing unmanned aerial vehicles in the mining industry 遥感无人机在矿业中的应用综述

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1602/2022

M. Loots, S. Grobbelaar, E. Van der Lingen

{"title":"A review of remote-sensing unmanned aerial vehicles in the mining industry","authors":"M. Loots, S. Grobbelaar, E. Van der Lingen","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1602/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1602/2022","url":null,"abstract":"The increased adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may improve the productivity and cost-effectiveness of remote sensing in the mining industry. This review's objective is to enable stakeholders to identify possible application adoption, improvement, and innovation opportunities. The review merges a building block strategy and practical screening criteria to identify possible avenues of research to answer the review questions. After the screening process, 72 documents were included in the review. Papers were classified into four categories: exploration, development, exploitation, and reclamation. Fifteen applications were identified, the majority of which were in the exploration phase. The most often researched applications were topographic surveys, reclamation monitoring, and slope management. From the two UAV types identified, multi-rotor vehicles were the most favoured for all applications. From the eight remote sensing techniques identified, photogrammetry was the one most often used. Other techniques were limited because of complexity, cost, or the incompatibility of sensors and UAVs. The review was limited to published papers in academic journals. Future studies could aim to include empirical data on the latest UAV applications used in the mining industry.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44802950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A limit equilibrium approach to the use of stability bunds in the design of HDPE-lined tailings storage facilities 稳定带在高密度聚乙烯衬砌尾矿贮存设施设计中的极限平衡方法

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1787/2022

J. Visagie, T. Bezuidenhout

{"title":"A limit equilibrium approach to the use of stability bunds in the design of HDPE-lined tailings storage facilities","authors":"J. Visagie, T. Bezuidenhout","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1787/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1787/2022","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years the requirements for a barrier system between the waste body of tailings storage facilities (TSFs) and the natural ground (NG) has necessitated the use of HDPE-lined TSFs in South Africa and other countries. The addition of an HDPE liner creates an interface between, inter alia, the tailings and surrounding soils on the footprint of the TSF. It is known that low-strength materials beneath slopes can cause slope instability. One method which can theoretically mitigate this instability of a lined TSF is the addition of stability bunds along the footprint of the TSF. Altering the profile of the footprint to include slope changes which oppose the direction of the failure creates passive slices in a limit equilibrium analysis. The passive slices actively oppose the movement of active slices, resisting the mobilization of tailings, thus greater active slice forces are required to develop a failure surface running along the liner interface. Two scenarios are presented and compared. The first scenario retains the ground profile unaltered and the second scenario includes stability bunds along the ground profile. An in-depth assessment is made of the interslice forces and the interface shear stresses for each scenario. The theoretical background is discussed in greater detail to determine the mechanisms of reinforcement provided by the bunds.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45218123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Defining optimal drill-hole spacing: A novel integrated analysis from exploration to ore control 确定最佳钻孔间距：从勘探到控矿的一种新的综合分析

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/2024/2022

B.C. Afonseca, V. Miguel-Silva

{"title":"Defining optimal drill-hole spacing: A novel integrated analysis from exploration to ore control","authors":"B.C. Afonseca, V. Miguel-Silva","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/2024/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2024/2022","url":null,"abstract":"Drill-hole spacing analysis (DHSA) and optimization are becoming commonplace for uncertainty assessment and management in the mining industry. However, there is no standardized DHSA workflow, and the outputs of certain methodologies are not interchangeable. We group available simulation-based DHSA methods according to their accounted uncertainty into (i) raw uncertainty, assessed by drawing realizations from synthetic data-sets with the drilling spacings to be tested; and (ii) model uncertainty, in which these synthetic data-sets are used to assess the variation between the estimated model and the (unknown) actual value. DHSA workflows available in the literature ignore the differences between both types of uncertainty. Commonly, the DHSA algorithm is chosen without a detailed analysis of its uncertainty output, which may lead to misleading results and suboptimal decisions. While available solutions are based only on assessing raw or model uncertainty, the proposed approach simultaneously analyses both and their relationship for models at different stages of the mine. The integrated analysis results deliver more information to support decision-making than available methods. Principles, practical considerations, and discussions of the advantages of the proposed integrated analysis are presented. The approach is applied to a real gold deposit to illustrate its use.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43294156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Practical steps to Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM) compliance for operational tailings storage facilities in South Africa 南非运营尾矿储存设施符合全球尾矿管理行业标准（GISTM）的实际步骤

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1887/2022

S. Dladla, S. Ramsamy

引用次数: 0

GISTM: Who are the responsible individuals? gstm:谁是责任人?

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1918/2022

C. MacRobert, J. Wates, A. Coetzee, G. Howell

引用次数: 0