Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy最新文献_第5页

Purification of titanium sponge produced by lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride: Effect of leaching conditions 四氯化钛锂热还原海绵钛的提纯:浸出条件的影响

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/2117/2022

M. Serwale, T. Coetsee, K. C. Sole, S. Fazluddin

{"title":"Purification of titanium sponge produced by lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride: Effect of leaching conditions","authors":"M. Serwale, T. Coetsee, K. C. Sole, S. Fazluddin","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/2117/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2117/2022","url":null,"abstract":"The CSIR-Ti process employs lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride feedstock to produce titanium sponge. The product is therefore contaminated by a range of lithium and chloride species. In this study we examine the effects of particle size, temperature, and HCl concentration as input leaching variables on the removal of chlorides from the crude titanium sponge. A review of the aqueous chloride chemistry of Li and Ti provided initial conditions for leaching of impurity species from the sponge. Experimental results confirm that the effectiveness of leaching and removal of dissolved impurities from the sponge are dependent on leaching kinetics, which are influenced by temperature, particle size, and morphology. Of the variables tested, reaction temperature had the strongest influence on the oxygen content of the leached product. The HCl lixiviant concentration had a negligible effect under the conditions tested. Leaching of crude titanium sponge (-10 mm size fraction after crushing) at 14°C in either 1 M or 0.032 M HCl yielded a titanium sponge product that met the ASTM standard specification for commercially pure Grade 1 titanium, i.e., oxygen content < 0.18 mass% and chloride content < 0.15 mass%.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48691135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Flyrock in surface mining - Limitations of current predictive models and a better alterative through modelling the aerodynamics of flyrock trajectory 露天采矿中的飞岩-当前预测模型的局限性和通过模拟飞岩轨迹的空气动力学的更好的替代方案

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1873/2022

T. Szendrei, S. Tose

{"title":"Flyrock in surface mining - Limitations of current predictive models and a better alterative through modelling the aerodynamics of flyrock trajectory","authors":"T. Szendrei, S. Tose","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1873/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1873/2022","url":null,"abstract":"Historical approaches to the problem of flyrock based on correlation studies and regression analysis, including artificial neural networks and similar techniques, are inherently incapable of addressing two core issues - root causes of flyrock and projection velocity. A further shortcoming of correlation techniques is that they give no information on the influence of rock size and shape on the flight distance. The scaled depth of burial model for crater blasting in the collar zone and bench face does not specifically address the question of flyrock velocity. A third approach, based on flight trajectory calculations, often neglects the very significant effects of air resistance on the trajectory. Some trajectory models incorporate air resistance but use an implausible fragment velocity model that cannot propel sizeable rocks to distances much beyond 150 m. Nonetheless, trajectory calculation incorporating the effects of air drag affords the most promising approach to the prediction of flyrock range. A unique and insightful feature of the proposed realistic flight modelling is that it collapses all suspected causes of flyrock, many of which are not well understood, to just a single parameter - the launch velocity. This indicates that the root causes of flyrock lie in the mechanisms of momentum transfer to broken rock and suggests new avenues of study.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41787753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ventilation optimization through digital transformation 通过数字化转型实现通风优化

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1950/2022

T. Chikande, H. Phillips, F. Cawood

{"title":"Ventilation optimization through digital transformation","authors":"T. Chikande, H. Phillips, F. Cawood","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1950/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1950/2022","url":null,"abstract":"Underground mines require electricity to operate both the main surface fans and auxiliary systems, with primary ventilation systems typically accounting for approximately 40-60% of the mine's overall electricity consumption. The primary reason for this considerable expense is that most underground ventilation systems are designed for peak demand, regardless of the actual demand, which is commonly dictated by diesel equipment usage in trackless mining operations. Most platinum mines on the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe tend to operate their ventilation systems at this peak level, despite the mine's air quantity being well in excess of the 'true' ventilation needs. This is due to a lack of appropriate ventilation controls. The authors designed and installed a ventilation-on-demand system at one of the bord and pillar platinum mines to minimize the use of redundant air in underground operations. Fourth industrial revolution techniques were applied to the environmental monitoring and tracking systems thereby optimizing air quantity demands. The mine managed to reduce its annual power consumption by 23% through the implementation of manual control and time-of-day scheduling levels of the ventilation-on-demand concept. There was also a 6% productivity improvement, mainly attributable to an increased face time as a result of the significant reduction in the re-entry period following a blast. This paper introduces a novel concept of ventilation optimization through digital transformation targeting mainly room and pillar platinum mines. A system was designed, installed, and commissioned, though there is currently an ongoing optimization process to harness the full benefits such as productivity enhancement, reduced power costs, and improved worker health.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49229401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A new method for determining muckpile fragmentation formed by blasting 一种确定爆破形成的堆屑破碎度的新方法

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1104/2022

A. Tosun

{"title":"A new method for determining muckpile fragmentation formed by blasting","authors":"A. Tosun","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1104/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1104/2022","url":null,"abstract":"Muckpile fragmentation formed by blasting depends on the specific charge factor, the discontinuities in the rock mass, and the rock strength. Determination of the discontinuity characteristics and rock strength is a long and difficult process. These two parameters are directly associated with the rock drilling speed. Therefore, it is the drilling speed of the machine used for the blast-hole, rather than the blasthole discontinuity characteristics and rock strength parameters, that is used in the prediction of muckpile fragmentation before blasting. Primarily, it has been suggested that the muckpile fragmentation values can be correctly determined by establishing correlations between the efficiency of the loader and muck pile fragmentation, since fragmentation is directly correlated with the former parameter. Subsequently, a correlation predicting the drilling speed of the drill machine was developed according to the discontinuity characteristics of the blasting surface and the rock strength. Finally, a correlation was developed predicting muckpile fragmentation according to the specific charge factor and the drilling speed of the drill machine The data was obtained by conducting blasting tests in two different limestone quarries.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44008474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of overburden and confined stress state on cave mining propagation 覆岩和承压状态对洞室开采扩展的影响

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1910/2022

N. Schoeman, S. Jacobsz, E. Kearsley, Johan Wesseloo

{"title":"The effect of overburden and confined stress state on cave mining propagation","authors":"N. Schoeman, S. Jacobsz, E. Kearsley, Johan Wesseloo","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1910/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1910/2022","url":null,"abstract":"A physical modelling approach was adopted to simulate the process of cave mining propagation at various horizontal to vertical stress state ratios, and image data was captured and used to characterize the resulting failure mechanisms. Image processing was integrated into the study to determine minor principal strains in models to identify where critical extensional strains had been exceeded relative to crack propagation. The study exhibited a scale factor magnitude of 119 using a calculated critical extensional strain value of 0.014% for the modelling material used. It was perceived that cave propagation occurred through successive parallel extensional 'fracture bands' in all cases, as noticed in models of prior studies, deviating from that described by the Duplancic model. Cracks tended to bisect regions of minor principal strain equal to the critical extensional strain, which suggests 'fracture banding' is an acceptable failure mode for brittle, rock-like materials. Moreover, it was found that models with lower horizontal to vertical stress ratios (K ratios) showed a greater degree of vertical development of the caving mechanism (at similar vertical stresses), while the vertical extent of the cave was suppressed in models with higher K ratios. Models subjected to larger vertical stresses experienced slower cave formation in latter time-steps. These models exhibited larger two-dimensional caved perimeters and areas, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43473534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of machine learning-based Mineral Resource estimation 基于机器学习的矿产资源估算综述

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1250/2022

M. Mahboob, T. Çelik, B. Genc

{"title":"Review of machine learning-based Mineral Resource estimation","authors":"M. Mahboob, T. Çelik, B. Genc","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1250/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1250/2022","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral Resources estimation plays a crucial role in the profitability of the future of mining operations. The conventional geostatistical methods used for grade estimation require expertise, understanding and knowledge of the spatial statistics, resource modelling, geology, mining engineering as well as clean validated data to build accurate block models. However, the geostatistical models are sensitive to changes in data and would have to be rebuilt on newly acquired data with different characteristics, which has proved to be a time-consuming process. Machine learning methods have in recent years been proposed as an alternative to the geostatistical methods to alleviate the problems these might suffer from in Mineral Resource estimation. In this paper, a systematic literature review of machine learning methods used in Mineral Resource estimation is presented. This has been conducted on such studies published during the period 1990 to 2019. The types, performances, and capabilities, of several machine learning methods have been evaluated and compared against each other, and against the conventional geostatistical methods. The results, based on 31 research studies, show that the machine learning-based methods have outperformed the conventional grade estimation modelling methods. The review also shows there is active research on applying machine learning to grade estimation from exploration through to exploitation. Further improvements can be expected if advanced machine learning techniques are to be used.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46290543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drawpoint loading optimization strategies in block caving: A case study of Palabora Mining Company 分段崩落法工作面加载优化策略——以帕拉博拉矿业公司为例

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1664/2022

M.S. Nyarela, R. Khumalo, R.C. Nemathithi

引用次数: 0

Fines generation from South African manganese ores during preheating in a rotary kiln 南非锰矿在回转窑预热过程中产生的细粒

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1724/2022

M. Moholwa, J. Steenkamp, H. Rutto

{"title":"Fines generation from South African manganese ores during preheating in a rotary kiln","authors":"M. Moholwa, J. Steenkamp, H. Rutto","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1724/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1724/2022","url":null,"abstract":"Manganese ores are the major source of manganese for the production of manganese ferroalloys. There is a gap in the knowledge of the decrepitation behaviour of manganese ores, which presents a problem in the operation of smelters. Decrepitation, which is the breakage of the ore particles upon heating, is an important quality parameter for these ores. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the extent to which South African manganese ores decrepitate during preheating in a rotary kiln. The effects of temperature, rotational speed, and particle size decrepitation were investigated. Manganese ores were heated in a laboratory-scale rotary kiln at temperatures of 600, 800, and 1000°C, and rotational speeds of 3, 6, and 12 r/min. The size ranges were +6-20, +20-40, and +40-75 mm and the residence time was constant at 30 minutes. The decrepitation index (DI) is quantified as the ratio of the mass of <6 mm particles after pre-heating to the total mass of the sample. It was found that the DIs for all ores used were proportional to the temperature and the rotational speed and inversely proportional to the particle size range with temperature being the most important parameter. Ore A was the most susceptible to decrepitation followed by ore C and ore B; this was mainly to the decomposition of kutnohorite, the content of which was the highest in ore A and the lowest in ore B.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48080039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applicability of the risk ranking methodology designed for water reservoirs to tailings storage facilities 为水库设计的风险排序方法对尾矿库设施的适用性

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/1492/2022

D. Nišić, D. Knežević, A. Cyjetic, N. Nisic, V. Jovanovic

{"title":"Applicability of the risk ranking methodology designed for water reservoirs to tailings storage facilities","authors":"D. Nišić, D. Knežević, A. Cyjetic, N. Nisic, V. Jovanovic","doi":"10.17159/2411-9717/1492/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1492/2022","url":null,"abstract":"The risks associated with operating water reservoirs and tailings storage facilities (TSFs) are different because of their different purposes, methods of construction and operation, and characteristics of the materials impounded and their flow behaviour. Regardless of the differences, these two types of structures are often put in the same category when it comes to risk assessment and the application of relevant methodologies, which may result in unrealistic outcomes. In this paper we investigate whether it is possible to apply the risk ranking methodology designed for water reservoirs to TDFs and overview the key differences between these two types of structures. We also provide a comparative analysis of the results obtained by conducting a risk assessment of the operation of a TSF, applying the method recommended by the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD), and analyse the results using the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) technique. It is concluded that a more realistic evaluation of risk levels can be obtained by adopting a systematic approach to risk assessment in accordance with the traditional risk definition on which the FMEA technique is based.","PeriodicalId":17492,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49475938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of zinc process water recycling on galena flotation from a complex sulphide ore 锌工艺水回用对复杂硫化矿方铅矿浮选的影响

IF 0.9 4区材料科学

Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/241/2022

K. Boujounoui, A. Abidi, A. Baçaoui, K. Amari, D. He, A. Yaacoubi

引用次数: 0