Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan最新文献

{"title":"Vertical Structure and Dynamical Properties during Snow Events in Middle Latitudes of China from Observations by the C-band Vertically Pointing Radar","authors":"Ye Cui, Zheng Ruan, M. Wei, Feng Li, Runsheng Ge","doi":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","volume":"98 1","pages":"527-550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49447748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bayesian Correction Approach for Improving Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar Rainfall Rate Estimates","authors":"Yingzhao Ma, V. Chandrasekar, S. Biswas","doi":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-025","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate estimation of precipitation is an important objective for the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR), which is located on board the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite core observatory. In this study, a Bayesian correction (BC) approach is proposed to improve the DPR’s instantaneous rainfall rate product. Ground dual-polarization radar (GR) observations are used as references, and a log-transformed Gaussian distribution is assumed as the instantaneous rainfall process. Additionally, a generalized regression model is adopted in the BC algorithm. Rainfall intensities such as light, moderate, and heavy rain and their variable influences on the model’s performance are considered. The BC approach quantifies the predictive uncertainties associated with the Bayesiancorrected DPR (DPR_BC) rainfall rate estimates. To demonstrate the concepts developed in this study, data from the GPM overpasses of the Weather Service Surveillance Radar (WSR-88D), KHGX, in Houston, Texas, between April 2014 and June 2018 are used. Observation errors in the DPR instantaneous rainfall rate estimates are analyzed as a function of rainfall intensity. Moreover, the best-performing BC model is implemented in three GPM-overpass cases with heavy rainfall records across the southeastern United States. The results show that the DPR_BC rainfall rate estimates have superior skill scores and are in better agreement with the GR references than with the DPR estimates. This study demonstrates the potential of the proposed BC algorithm for enhancing the instantaneous rainfall rate product from spaceborne radar equipment.","PeriodicalId":17476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","volume":"98 1","pages":"511-525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41993730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation near the Southwestern Coast of Sumatra by Mixed Rossby-Gravity Waves","authors":"B. Geng, M. Katsumata, K. Taniguchi","doi":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-026","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the impact of mixed Rossby-gravity waves (MRGWs) on the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the southwestern coastal area of Sumatra using data captured during a pilot field campaign of the Years of the Maritime Continent (YMC) project. The study focused on a 19-day period from 24 November to 12 December 2015, using data from intensive surface observations, radiosondes, and a C-band polarimetric radar (collected aboard the research vessel Mirai at 4°4′S, 101°54′E), as well as data from a global objective analysis. The results indicated a relationship between oscillations with periods of several days in the intensity of diurnal precipitation and the wind field. Wind oscillations were attributed to several westward-propagating MRGWs traversing the study site. Diurnal convection and precipitation over the land and ocean were enhanced (suppressed) when MRGW-induced offshore (onshore) wind perturbations dominated. Large-scale low-level convergence and upper-level divergence, stronger sea-breeze flow, and colder land-breeze flow were also observed with the intensification of MRGW-induced offshore wind perturbations. However, diurnal precipitation displayed a similar well-defined phase and propagation pattern over the land and ocean, coherent with the regular evolution of seaand land-breeze circulations, regardless of wind perturbations induced by MRGWs. The results suggest that local convergence induced by the land–sea contrast is mainly responsible for driving the diurnal cycle. Notwithstanding, MRGWs exert a significant impact on the amplitude of diurnal convection and precipitation by modulating the large-scale dynamic structure of the atmosphere and the intensity of local seaand land-breeze circulations.","PeriodicalId":17476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","volume":"98 1","pages":"463-480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48583756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Modeling Study of the Severe Afternoon Thunderstorm Event at Taipei on 14 June 2015: The Roles of Sea Breeze, Microphysics, and Terrain","authors":"Jyong-En Miao, Ming-Jen Yang","doi":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-008","url":null,"abstract":"On 14 June 2015, a severe afternoon thunderstorm event developed within the Taipei basin, which produced intense rainfall (with rainfall rate of 131 mm h-1) and urban-scale flooding. Cloud-resolving simulations using the WRF model were performed to capture reasonably well the onset of see breeze, the development and evolution of this afternoon thunderstorm system. The WRF model had four nested grids (with the finest grid size of 0.5 km) in the horizontal and 55 layers in the vertical to explicitly resolve the deep convection over complex terrain. It is found that convection was initiated by sea breeze at foothill and by upslope wind at mountain peak, respectively. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) was increased from 800 to 3200 J kg-1 with abundant moisture transport by the sea breeze from 08 to 12 LST, fueling large thermodynamic instability for the development of afternoon thunderstorm. Strong convergence between sea breeze and cold-air outflow triggered further development of intense convection, resulting in heavy rainfall over Taipei city. Microphysics sensitivity experiments show that evaporative cooling played a major role in the propagation of cold-air outflow and the production of heavy rainfall within basin plain (terrain height < 100 m), while melting cooling played a minor role. The terrain-removal experiment indicates that the local topography of Mount Datun at coastal region may produce the channel effect through Danshui River Valley, intensify sea-breeze circulation and transport more moisture. This terrain-induced modification of sea breeze circulation made its dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics more favorable for convection development, resulting in stronger afternoon thunderstorm system with heavier rainfall within the Taipei City.","PeriodicalId":17476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","volume":"98 1","pages":"129-152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2151/jmsj.2020-008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49405536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Added Value of Large-eddy and Storm-resolving Models for Simulating Clouds and Precipitation","authors":"B. Stevens, C. Acquistapace, Akio Hansen, Rieke Heinze, C. Klinger, D. Klocke, H. Rybka, Wiebke Schubotz, J. Windmiller, P. Adamidis, I. Arka, V. Barlakas, J. Biercamp, M. Brueck, S. Brune, S. Buehler, U. Burkhardt, G. Cioni, Montserrat Costa-Surós, S. Crewell, T. Crüger, H. Deneke, P. Friederichs, C. C. Henken, C. Hohenegger, M. Jacob, F. Jakub, N. Kalthoff, M. Köhler, Thirza van Laar, Puxi Li, U. Löhnert, A. Macke, N. Madenach, B. Mayer, C. Nam, A. K. Naumann, K. Peters, S. Poll, J. Quaas, N. Röber, N. Rochetin, Leonhard Scheck, V. Schemann, Sabrina Schnitt, A. Seifert, F. Senf, M. Shapkalijevski, C. Simmer, Shweta Singh, O. Sourdeval, D. Spickermann, J. Strandgren, Octave Tessiot, N. Vercauteren, J. Vial, A. Voigt, Günter Zängl","doi":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-021","url":null,"abstract":"More than one hundred days were simulated over very large domains with fine (0.156 km to 2.5 km) grid spacing for realistic conditions to test the hypothesis that storm (kilometer) and large-eddy (hectometer) resolving simulations would provide an improved representation of clouds and precipitation in atmospheric simulations. At scales that resolve convective storms (storm-resolving for short), the vertical velocity variance becomes resolved and a better physical basis is achieved for representing clouds and precipitation. Similarly to past studies we found an improved representation of precipitation at kilometer scales, as compared to models with parameterized convection. The main precipitation features (location, diurnal cycle and spatial propagation) are well captured already at kilometer scales, and refining resolution to hectometer scales does not substantially change the simulations in these respects. It does, however, lead to a reduction in the precipitation on the time-scales considered – most notably over the ocean in the tropics. Changes in the distribution of precipitation, with less frequent extremes are also found in simulations incorporating hectometer scales. Hectometer scales appear to be more important for the representation of clouds, and make it possible to capture many important aspects of the cloud field, from the vertical distribution of cloud cover, to the distribution of cloud sizes, and to the diel (daily) cycle. Qualitative improvements, particularly in the ability to differentiate cumulus from stratiform clouds, are seen when one reduces the grid spacing from kilometer to hectometer scales. At the hectometer scale new challenges arise, but the similarity of observed and simulated scales, and the more direct connection between the circulation and the unconstrained degrees of freedom make these challenges less daunting. This quality, combined with already improved simulation as compared to more parameterized models, underpins our conviction that the use and further development of storm-resolving models offers exciting opportunities for advancing understanding of climate and climate change.","PeriodicalId":17476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","volume":"98 1","pages":"395-435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41771351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Seasonal Transitions of ENSO on Atmospheric River Activity over East Asia","authors":"Moeka Naoi, Y. Kamae, H. Ueda, W. Mei","doi":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-027","url":null,"abstract":"29 Atmospheric rivers (ARs), narrow water vapor transport bands over the mid-latitudes, 30 often cause great socio-economic impacts over East Asia. While it has been shown that 31 summertime AR activity over East Asia is strongly induced by preceding-winter El Niño 32 development, it remains unclear the extent to which seasonal transitions of El Niño 33 Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from winter to summer affect the AR activity. Here we 34 examine the relationship between the seasonal transitions of ENSO and the summertime 35 AR activity over East Asia using an atmospheric reanalysis and high-resolution 36 atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) ensemble simulations. A rapid transition 37 from preceding-winter El Niño to summertime La Niña results in more AR occurrence over 38 northern East Asia via northward expansion of an anomalous low-level anticyclone over the 39 western North Pacific compared to sustained or decayed El Niño cases. The northward 40 expansion of the anticyclone is consistent with a steady response of the atmosphere to the 41 anomalous condensation heating over the Maritime Continent and equatorial Pacific. 42 Meridional positions of the extratropical AR occurrence and circulation anomalies are 43 different between the reanalysis and AGCM simulations, which is possibly contributed by a 44 limited sample size and/or AGCM biases and suggests that seasonal prediction of 45 AR-related natural disaster risk over East Asia on a regional scale remains a challenge.","PeriodicalId":17476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68295036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of Polar Mesocyclone Genesis to Topographic Forcing along the Eastern Coast of Eurasian Continent","authors":"K. Tamura, Tomonori Sato","doi":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68295197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Resolution and Parameterized Convection on the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in a Global Nonhydrostatic Model","authors":"N. Arnold, William M. Putman, S. Freitas","doi":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","volume":"98 1","pages":"1279-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68295314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"East Asian-Australian Monsoon Variations and their Impacts on Regional Climate during Boreal Summer","authors":"W. J. Chen, Z. Guan, Huadong Yang, Qi Xu","doi":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-014","url":null,"abstract":"The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the Australian winter monsoon (AWM) are two important components of the Asian−Australian monsoon system during boreal summer. The simultaneous variations of these two monsoons would have remarkable impacts on climate in the Asian−Australian region. Using the reanalysis datasets, we investigated the mechanisms of variation and impacts of East Asian−Australian monsoons (EAAMs). The singular value decomposition (SVD) is performed of the June−July−August (JJA) mean anomalous zonal wind for AWM as the left field and JJA mean anomalous meridional wind for EASM as the right field after both El Niño−Southern Oscillation and India Ocean Dipole signals are filtered out. Our results demonstrate that Corresponding author: Zhaoyong Guan, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Meteorological Disaster/International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China E-mail: guanzy@nuist.edu.cn J-stage Advance Published Date: 8 December 2019 Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Vol. 98, No. 2 284","PeriodicalId":17476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","volume":"98 1","pages":"283-297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68294884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Explanation for the Diagonally Predominant Property of the Positive Symmetric Ensemble Transform Matrix","authors":"L. Duc, Kazuo Saito, D. Hotta","doi":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17476,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","volume":"98 1","pages":"455-462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68294986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}