JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH最新文献

{"title":"Influence of tillage systems and herbicides on weed control and yield of cotton in wheat-cotton system","authors":"N. Khan, A. Khan, S. Ullah, Imran Ullah, Shitab Khan","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i3.841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i3.841","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat–cotton system is a major production system in Pakistan, however, cotton yield is declining in the system most likely due to weeds infestation and intensive tillage practices. Conservation tillage such as reduced and zero tillage in combination with appropriate herbicide may have the potential to enhance cotton yield on sustainable basis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of herbicides under different tillage systems on weed control and cotton yield in wheat-cotton system. A field experiment was conducted at Cotton Research Station, Ratta Kulachi, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, during 2017 and 2018. In the experiment, post-emergence herbicides, i.e. floxyfop-R-methyl 10.8 EC (108 g a.i. ha-1), lactofen 24 EC (168 g a.i. ha-1), floxyfop 10.8 EC + lactofen 24 EC, hand weeding, weedy check and three tillage systems (zero tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage) were evaluated in randomized compete block design (RCBD), with split plot arrangements, replicated 4 times. Tillage was allotted to main plots while herbicides were applied to subplots. The results revealed that hand weeding and floxyfop as post emergence alone or in combination with lactofen reduced weed density to the minimum irrespective of the tillage systems. Maximum dry weed biomass was recorded in control. Interaction effects revealed that reduced tillage in combination with broad spectrum herbicides had maximum weed population reduction percentage. Reduced tillage with broad spectrum herbicides had seed cotton yield compared to zero and conventional tillage. In conclusion, broad-spectrum herbicides under reduced tillage were more productive in wheat based cropping system on silty clay soil of D.I.Khan.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78965828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ATTACKING TOMATO CROPS IN DISTRICT BAJAUR, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA","authors":"A. Hazrat, M. Yahya","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i3.998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i3.998","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum) is a widely cultivated vegetable crop. The plant is economically very important. To ensure a successful and economically viable harvest, it is essential that all aspects of its production to be monitored. At present, there is a limited scientific data regarding the use of pesticides in relation to the seasonal incidence of insect pests in the Bajaur district of Pakistan. This study was carried out at a local farm, where the efficacies of Flurofenafire pesticide were examined. The pesticide Flurofenafire was applied once a week to examine its efficacy. The stability of the pesticide was highly dependent on the weather. The occurrence of rain within 24 hours of spraying resulted in Aphid, Jassid, White fly, Thrips and Fruit borer infestations. Aphid infestations were observed on the tomato crop in May 2019, which peaked in July. Bemisia Tabaci infestations peaked in August. Amrasca Biguttula populations peaked in September 2019. Scirtothrips dorsalis and Helicoverpaarmigera infestations were also observed on the tomato crops and caused significant damage. The application of Flurofenafire was able to control these infestations. In conclusion the pesticide Flurofenafire was found effective against a wide range of insect pest of tomato plant. Key Words: Flurofenafire, Pest, Pesticide, Seasonal incidence, Lycopersicon esculentum","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86694286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SURVEY STUDY OF NURSERY MANAGEMENT AND SURVEILLANCE OF ORNAMENTAL PLANT SPECIES AT PESHAWAR CITY, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA-PAKISTAN","authors":"S. Ullah, A. Basit","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i3.917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i3.917","url":null,"abstract":"The current survey study was carried out at Peshawar Development Authority Nursery Hayatabad Peshawar-Pakistan during the year 2019-20. This survey was based on recording the current situation and various methods practiced by the garden staff to look after their nursery. The main objective was to improve the current situation of the nursery and suggest recommendations in light of the highlighted problems. The different parameters studied were identification of plants, total area of nursery, soil type, irrigation system, weeding, fertilizer application, propagation method, propagation time, transplanting time, field situation and finally problem of the nursery. All the agricultural and horticultural practices were not fully applied and practiced in proper recommended way. Out of the total studied parameters, irrigation system that was sprinkler irrigation, was impressive and appreciable. Proper fertilizer at proper time played a vital role in plant growth and nursery development. The gardeners and other technical and field staff did not conduct their jobs to their fullest and their nursery management was unsatisfactory. It was concurred that good quality plants production was not achieved and disease identification was missing due to lack of germ plasm unit facility. Weeds were badly impacting nursery plants and affected their beauty and yield. Various weedicides were used by the nursery staff to reduce the negative influence of weed infestation. It was recommended that effective planning, punctual staff duty and modern practices should be applied to improve the overall structure of the nursery.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80810505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allelopathy Weed management and yield improvement in mungbean through allelopathic action of sunflower and bermuda grass (a weed) extract in conjunction with irrigation frequencies","authors":"Muhammad Naeem Korejo, M. N. Kandhro, A. Soomro, N. A. Wahocho","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i3.980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i3.980","url":null,"abstract":"Allelopathy is the effect of one plant species by reducing the germination and growth of the neighbouring plants of another species through releasing chemical compounds. It has been reported by many researchers that weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield but it can be managed effectively through phytotoxic properties of plants. A field study was conducted at Students Experimental Farm, Agronomy Department, Crop Production Faculty, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan during spring 2019 and repeated during 2020 to validate the previous results. The research conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of sunflower and Bermuda grass extracts under various irrigation levels on weeds density and yield of mungbean cultivar ‘AEM-96’. Split plot design having four replications was managed. The experiment consisted of weed control practices: Weedy check, various levels of sunflower and bermuda grass extracts as sole and in combination with each other, different levels of herbicides as alone and in integration with allelopathic plant extracts as well as hand weeding under three irrigation frequencies (2, 3 and 4 watering applications). The analysis variance of results showed that various levels of sunflower and bermuda grass extracts as sole and in combination with each other, different levels of herbicides as alone and in integration with allelopathic plant extracts as well as hand weeding caused significant suppression of weeds and increased in seed yield as compared to weedy check. The combined treatment Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1 + Sunflower extract: 15 L ha-1 resulted in less weed density (51.6 m-2) and produced maximum seed yield of 2404.4 kgs ha-1. Bermuda grass extract: 15 Ltr ha-1 integration with low dose of herbicides Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1+ Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1 showed weed density of 61.3 m-2 resulted seed yield of 2282.1 kgs ha-1. The application of herbicides treatment Atlantis: 0.2 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.312 Ltr ha-1 suppressed weed density of 70.9 m-2 and produced seed yield of 2162.5 kgs ha-1. It is noted that Hand weeding: 30 days after sowing showed weed density of 76.1 m-2 and seed yield 2042.5 kgs ha-1. The combined allelopathic plant applications of Sunflower +Bermuda grass extract each: 15 Ltr ha-1 reduced weed density 80.7 m-2 and obtained seed yield of 1923.2 kgs ha-1. Sole application of sunflower extract: 30 Ltr ha-1 resulted weed density 91.0 m-2 and recorded seed yield of 1804.2 kgs ha-1. Alone allelopathy application of Bermuda grass extract: 30 Ltr ha-1 noticed weed density 103.3 m-2 and produced seed yield of 1684.8 kgs ha-1. The highest weed density 140.9 m-2 and lowest seed yield 1343.1 kgs ha-1 noticed in weedy check treatment where no any application applied for weed reduction. According to irrigation frequencies the 4 watering applications resulted less weed density 82.2 m-2 and obtained maximum seed yield 1996.3 kgs ha-1 followed by 3 watering applications noted w","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89865731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF Calotropis procera FLOWERS","authors":"M. Ferdosi, Iqra Khan, A. Javaid, A. Munir","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i3.982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i3.982","url":null,"abstract":"Calotropis procera is a medicinal weed of family Asclepiadaceae. This study was carried out to explore the biochemical profile of C. procera flowers collected from Southern Punjab region of Pakistan. Methanolic flower extract of C. procera was subjected to GC-MS analysis. There were 30 compounds identified in this extract. The predominant compound was γ-sitosterol with 15.39% peak area. Other abundantly occurring compounds included stigmasterol (9.22%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (9.01%), campesterol (8.63%), α-amyrin acetate (8.25%), β-amyrin (8.09%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (7.91%), 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (6.15%), and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (5.66%). Moderately abundant compounds included nonacos-1-ene (2.83%), methyl stearate (1.57%), pentacosane (1.44%), phytol (1.33%), heptacos-1-ene (1.20%), heneicosane (1.19%), and 1-hexacosene (1.09%). The remaining less abundant compounds were present with peak areas less than 1%. Literature survey showed that the major compounds identified in the flower extract of C. procera possess various bioactivities including antidiabetic, anticancer, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflamatory.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81581175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A, The Evaluating Allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of Sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) on emergence and seedling growth of Red rice (Oryza punctata)","authors":"B. Khan","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chemical weed control method caused environmental hazards and residual effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of weed is getting scientific attention as eco-friendly alternative to chemical herbicides especially under scenario of fast increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extract of winter weed of Sonchus oleraceus L. (Sow thistle) on summer weed Oryza punctate L. (red rice) seed emergence and initial seedling growth, a study was planned. In this study, seeds of O. punctate were incubated in seven concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) of different parts i.e. leaves, stem, flower of S. oleraceus. All the tested concentrations of various plant parts of S. oleraceus significantly inhibited the mean emergence time, emergence index, emergence percentage (%), time taken to 50% emergence as well as growth of O. punctata weed. However, maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days), minimum germination index (1.69), germination percentage (40%), root length (2.04 cm), shoot length (5.71 cm), fresh weight (59 g), dry weight (4.06 g) was noted at 8% concentration with fruit aqueous extract of S. oleraceus. Seed of O. punctata take maximum time to complete 50% emergence (3.33 days) under control where we applied distilled water. Results suggested fruit extract of S. oleraceus at 8% concentration can be used potential bio-herbicide for the control of O. punctate. Key words: Chemical, eco-friendly, herbicidal potential, fruit extract","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83180264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A, The Allelopathic effects of Papavare somniferum on germination and initial seedling growth of Echinochloa cruss-galli","authors":"B. Khan, M. Nadeem, S. Afzal, R. Maqbool, Aneela Nijabat, M. Ikram","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.951","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are unwanted plants in crop that can be control by different methods among them use of aqueous extract of crop is an imperative method. To investigate the allopathic potential of aqueous extract of winter crop Papavare somniferum (opium) on summer weed Echinochloa cruss-galli (barnyard grass) laboratory experiments were conducted. The experiment coomprised seven concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) of different plant parts i.e., leaves, stem and flower of P. somniferumwere. All the tested concentrations and plant parts of P. somniferum significantly reduced mean emergence time, germination index, germination percentage, time to 50% germination as well as well growth of E. cruss-galliweed. However, maximum mean emergence time (9.07 days), time to 50% germination (3.67 days) was noted at leaves and stem extract, respectively. Application of aqueous extract of stem at 8% concentration resulted in greatest time to complete 50% germination (5.42 days) and lowest fresh weight (6.28 g), dry weight (1.00 g) and root length (0.33 cm) of E. cruss-galli. Whereas leaf extract at 8% concentration produces less shoot length (1.13 cm) and more emergence time (9.18 days). Lowest emergence percentage (6.67%) and germination index (0.89) were produced by aqueous extract of fruit at 8% concentration. On the basis of this experiment, it can be concluded that higher concentration (8%) of stem extract of P. somniferumwas used to biologically control the infestation of E. cruss-galli weed.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74994337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS IN METHANOLIC FLOWER EXTRACT OF Ageratum conyzoides","authors":"M. Ferdosi, A. Javaid, Iqra Khan, Muhammad F. A. Ferdosi, A. Munir","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.954","url":null,"abstract":"In order to find out various bioactive compounds in flowers of Ageratum conyzoides, a weed of the family Asteraceae, the dried powdered flowers were extracted in analytical grade methanol and the extract was examined by GC-MS. In total, eight constituents were identified. The predominant compound in the extract was precocene II (59.50%). Three moderately abundant compounds included ethanone, 1-(7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl)- (9.77%), precocene I (8.61%) and caryophyllene (7.60%). Three compounds namely (E)-β-famesene (4.23%), β-cubebene (4.19%) and 1-nonadecene (4.07%) were categorized as less abundant. The eighth compounds phytol was the least abundant one with peak are of 1.99%. The literature survey showed that most of the identified compounds possessed various biological properties such as aphid repellant, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and/or anti-inflammatory.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86249463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory impact of Daraikh (Melia Azedarach) leaves litter on wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedling","authors":"I. Hussain","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.876","url":null,"abstract":"A biological phenomenon by which one plant releases some chemicals in the environment that affect the rate of germination, its seedling emergence and physiology and overall growth of neighboring plants is called allelopathy. The significance of study was checked allelopathic phytochemical potential of Daraikh (Melia Azedarach L.) leaves on Wheat. Leaves litter were used to examine the allelopathic effects of Daraikh (Melia Azedarach) at five concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 g, control) parameters studied germination percentage (%), Speed of germination, plant height (cm), root length (cm), Shoot length (cm), coleoptile length (cm), Fresh weight (g) and dry weight (g), Tiller (plant-1) and chlorophyll content (µ cm-2) of Triticum aestivum. All concentration of Leaves litter of Melia Azedarach showed pronounced inhibitory effect on all parameters of Triticum aestivum. Melia Azedarach exerted phytotoxic influence on Triticum aestivum at initial growth stages. Melia Azedarach exhibited a significant negative impact on germination of Triticum aestivum at 100, 200, 300, 400 g litter of leaves than control (Sterilized soil) repectively. Melia Azedarach halted the coleoptile length of Triticum aestivum @ 400 g leaves litter. Powdered leaves of Melia Azedarach in clay loam soil appeared to have strong allelopathic inhibition under maximum concentrations on growth and germination of Triticum aestivum. Hence, Melia Azedarach proved a strong allelopathic plant that should be planted aside from field to avoid harmful impacts during early growth stages of Triticum aestivum.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87730485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring different weeds management practices in wheat","authors":"M. Arif","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i2.936","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent utilization of herbicides has caused ecological and health complications for human beings as well as for animals. Moreover, its unwise application also developed resistance in some weed species against the herbicides. Therefore, a field investigation was planned to assess the effect of multi-approached weed suppression in wheat at Reclamation Research Station, 7/3-L Ahmad Pur Sial District Jhang during Rabi 2019-20. Experimental treatment was comprised of two wheat cultivars i.e. Ujala 2016 and Faisalabad 2008 and seven weeds control approaches i.e. hand weeding, organic mulching, eucalyptus extract, neem extract, clodinafop, bromoxynil + MCPA and clodinafop + bromoxynil + MCPA including control. Results of the experiment showed that hand weedings, combined application of clodinafop + bromoxynil + MCPA and mulching significantly reduced the weeds density, fresh and dry weight of weeds. However, covering the soil surface with the organic mulch may have a great impact on the growth and yield-contributing attributes, hence produced maximum grain yield.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85660752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}