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The Reluctant En of Inana — or the Persona of Gilgameš in the Perspective of Babylonian Political Philosophy 伊娜娜的不情愿的恩——或巴比伦政治哲学视角下的吉尔伽美斯的人格
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2018-0010
P. Steinkeller
{"title":"The Reluctant En of Inana — or the Persona of Gilgameš in the Perspective of Babylonian Political Philosophy","authors":"P. Steinkeller","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Both the literary tradition and historical data proper indicate that, during the first few centuries of third millennium BC, Babylonian kingship underwent a significant transformation. While the original leaders of city-states were primarily ritual officials, beginning at ca. 2900–2800 various individuals began emancipating themselves from their ritual roles and the concomitant power of temple households, becoming instead purely secular officials, who strived to establish an independent power base for themselves, and to create hereditary dynastic lines. This paper argues that the paragon of this development was Gilgameš, the presumed early king of Uruk, as his persona and accomplishments are presented in the Sumerian and Akkadian literary sources. Toward that end, various compositions devoted to Gilgameš are discussed, in particular, “Gilgameš, Enkidu, and the Netherworld.”","PeriodicalId":174647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124057365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Frontmatter
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2018-frontmatter1-2
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引用次数: 0
“As Your Name Indicates”: Philological Arguments in Akkadian Disputations “如你的名字所示”:阿卡德语辩论中的语言学论证
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2018-0007
Enrique Jiménez
{"title":"“As Your Name Indicates”: Philological Arguments in Akkadian Disputations","authors":"Enrique Jiménez","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Contenders in Akkadian disputation poems make use of a large array of arguments to build their cases. The most common ones are material arguments, which rely on the benefits that they offer to humans. A second type of argument, termed here philological, is predicated on the alleged superiority of a litigant’s name or title over its rival’s. This superiority is demonstrated by means of the same set of hermeneutical techniques that are found in Mesopotamian exegesis and Mesopotamian literature at large. The present paper collects the philological arguments that can be found in debate poetry, discusses their discursive role and studies their parallels in Sumerian and Akkadian literature. Particular attention is given to the phrase mu-ni|bi-gin₇ || kīma šumīšū-ma, “like its name,” which is argued to be a technical term for introducing such philological discussions. Akkadian debate poems are lighthearted texts, but elucubrations of this type are common in serious texts as well. This fact suggests we should take these arguments seriously, however unpalatable from a modern etymological point of view they might be, just like the fanciful etymologies of Plato’s Cratylus.","PeriodicalId":174647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122799614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An Exemplificational Critique of Violence: Re-Reading the Old Babylonian Epic Inūma ilū awīlum (a.k.a. Epic of Atramḫasīs) 暴力的典范批判:重新解读古巴比伦史诗Inūma iluaw<e:1>(又名Atramḫasīs史诗)
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2018-0011
G. Gabriel
{"title":"An Exemplificational Critique of Violence: Re-Reading the Old Babylonian Epic Inūma ilū awīlum (a.k.a. Epic of Atramḫasīs)","authors":"G. Gabriel","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2018-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2018-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article approaches the mythical epic Inūma ilū awīlum with respect to its narrative structure and procedure. Within this framework, it investigates the ideas pertaining to the nature of violence that is communicated through the sequence of events within the poem. The mode chosen to inform the epic’s reader is understood as narrative exemplification, being an equivalent to the demonstration of general principles through representative examples that can often be found in other epistemic contexts in ancient Mesopotamia, e. g. in mathematics or divination. Thus, the paper not only reconstructs a specific concept of violence but also elaborates on the more general question of whether and how these intellectual means might represent some form of a Babylonian philosophy.","PeriodicalId":174647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121718827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Language, Translation, and Commentary in Cuneiform Scribal Practice 楔形文字抄写实践中的语言、翻译和评论
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2018-0005
C. Jay Crisostomo
{"title":"Language, Translation, and Commentary in Cuneiform Scribal Practice","authors":"C. Jay Crisostomo","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cuneiform scholarly practices systematized an exploration of meaning potential. In cuneiform scholarship, knowledge making emerged from multiple scribal practices, most notably list-making, analogical reasoning, and translation. The present paper demonstrates how multilingualism stands at the core of cuneiform scholarly inquiry, enabling hermeneutical exploration of possibility and potential. Cuneiform scholarly practices of translation and analogical hermeneutics coupled with an understanding of the cuneiform writing system constituted a system analogous to the medieval artes grammaticae.","PeriodicalId":174647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131767806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Perils of Omnisignificance: Language and Reason in Mesopotamian Hermeneutics 无所不在的危险:美索不达米亚解释学中的语言与理性
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2018-08-21 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2018-0008
E. Frahm
{"title":"The Perils of Omnisignificance: Language and Reason in Mesopotamian Hermeneutics","authors":"E. Frahm","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article discusses the Mesopotamian commentary corpus, assesses its intellectual underpinnings, explores its place within Mesopotamia’s scholarly tradition, and addresses the question of whether Mesopotamian hermeneutics should be considered a “philosophical” pursuit. It is argued that the cuneiform commentaries are characterized, on one hand, by certain limitations and, on the other, by an overabundance of interpretational opportunities, and that the answer should therefore be negative; but it is admitted that, depending on what one considers the defining features of philosophy, other views are possible.","PeriodicalId":174647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124722037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Origins of the Assyrian King List 亚述王表的起源
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2018-08-17 DOI: 10.1515/JANEH-2017-0009
Jonathan Valk
{"title":"The Origins of the Assyrian King List","authors":"Jonathan Valk","doi":"10.1515/JANEH-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JANEH-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Assyrian King List (AKL) is central to the reconstruction of Assyrian and broader Near Eastern history and chronology. Because of AKL’s significance, locating its original moment of composition has far-reaching historiographical implications. There is no scholarly consensus on the dating of AKL, but a closer look at the internal evidence of AKL indicates a firm, fifteenth century terminus post quem for the creation of AKL, while the bilingual tablet fragment BM 98496 establishes the thirteenth century reign of Tukulti-Ninurta I as a secure terminus ante quem. Within this temporal range, it is possible to trace the genesis of AKL to the reign of Aššur-uballiṭ I. This period witnessed great change in Assyria, and the nature of this change provides an ideal historical, political, and ideological context for the production of AKL. No other moment in Assyrian history offers so compelling a conjunction of political motives and historical circumstances for AKL’s composition.","PeriodicalId":174647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128184042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Reconciliation of Angry Personal Gods: A Revision of the Šuillas 愤怒的个人神的和解:对Šuillas的修正
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2018-08-16 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2018-0006
T. Abusch
{"title":"The Reconciliation of Angry Personal Gods: A Revision of the Šuillas","authors":"T. Abusch","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A number of Akkadian šuilla prayers contain a section where the petitioner requests that the high god reconcile the petitioner with his personal gods. The present contribution analyzes these prayers and argues that the aforementioned section is secondary and that many šuillas become more coherent when the theme of reconciliation with the personal gods is removed. The discordance introduced by this theme suggests a large-scale revision of this body of literature, perhaps in the context of use in royal rituals. Appended to the study are lists of šuillas that contain the mention of the anger of the personal god in their request section.","PeriodicalId":174647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128398670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reasoning, Representing, and Modeling in Babylonian Astronomy 巴比伦天文学中的推理、表征和建模
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2018-08-11 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2018-0009
F. Rochberg
{"title":"Reasoning, Representing, and Modeling in Babylonian Astronomy","authors":"F. Rochberg","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper considers Babylonian astronomical predictive schemes as a source for the study of reasoning and representing via modeling. Two principal questions are addressed: first, whether Babylonian astronomical modeling can be usefully included in the conversation about scientific reasoning with models, and second, how and what the representational value of the practice of astronomical modeling was in ancient Babylonia. It is found that the Babylonian astronomical schemes demonstrate the adaptability and various capabilities of the process of modeling as a powerful tool of representation for scientific knowledge and theorizing.","PeriodicalId":174647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"58 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113943212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Assyrians Abroad: Expanding Borders Through Mobile Identities in the Middle Bronze Age 亚述人在国外:在青铜时代中期通过移动身份扩展边界
Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History Pub Date : 2018-06-26 DOI: 10.1515/janeh-2017-0016
Nancy Highcock
{"title":"Assyrians Abroad: Expanding Borders Through Mobile Identities in the Middle Bronze Age","authors":"Nancy Highcock","doi":"10.1515/janeh-2017-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2017-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent work by both archaeologists and Assyriologists has characterized the main Assyrian settlement at Kaneš/Kültepe not as “colony” at all but as a place in which Assyrians fully integrated themselves into Anatolian society to create a hybridized community or “middle ground.” This paper builds upon their work by examining the ways in which Assyrians participated in such an intercultural society whilst still maintaining the bounded social category of “Assyrian.” Through the reconstruction of their civic institutions and social traditions abroad, Assyrian merchants were able to expand their mental topography of what constituted “Assyrian-ness” from northern Mesopotamia across central Anatolia. This phenomenon is framed within wider discussions of mobile societies and the Old Assyrian textual record to illustrate that a community identity founded upon the mother city of Assur and its cultural conventions continued to thrive across various political and cultural borders. Treaties and letters demonstrate that these borders were well defined and maintained by the Assyrians themselves, but concurrently, that the driving forces behind a trader’s life on the road also meant for such borders to be expanded and reconstituted. Analyzing the Old Assyrian mercantile phenomenon through the vector of mobility enables us to better understand the ways in which the Old Assyrian merchants maintained a cohesive social identity and bounded community whilst working and living in “foreign” territories. Mobility is not an inherently disintegrating force, but shape the common cultural and political institutions which act as fibers binding communities together across great distances.","PeriodicalId":174647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132219311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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