Contemporary Herpetology最新文献

{"title":"Natural history and biogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of Kibale National Park, Uganda","authors":"J. Vonesh","doi":"10.17161/CH.VI1.11958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/CH.VI1.11958","url":null,"abstract":"English Abstract. This study lists the amphibian and reptile species of Kibale National Park, Uganda, and discusses the natural history and biogeography of this unique herpetofauna. This herpetofaunal inventory was compiled based upon literature records and collections made during 17 mo fieldwork between 1995 and 1997, and includes 28 anuran, 15 lizard, and 32 snake species. Faunal comparisons with seven other tropical African forests show a high degree similarity between the Kibale herpetofauna and those of central and West Africa.","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128960753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF HABITAT AND MICROHABITAT USE IN LIZARDS:: A REVIEW","authors":"Geoffrey R. Smith, R. E. Ballinger","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11957","url":null,"abstract":"We review the ecological consequences of habitat and microhabitat use in lizards. Different habitats have different biotic and abiotic properties and thus are likely to have different consequences for the lizards that occur in them. Individual performance and life histories are influenced by habitat use, particularly when habitats differ in thermal characteristics that may influence physiological processes or constrain activity. We know relatively little about how the effects of habitat use on individual performance translate into population dynamics. We do know that the ability of lizards to use particular habitats can influence the persistence of populations in the face of habitat changes. Community-level processes (e.g., competition) and community structure (e.g., diversity) can be influenced by habitat use in lizards, often by habitat use facilitating co-existence of two or more potentially competing species. We know relatively little about how other community processes, such as predation and parasitism, are influenced by habitat use. Why do animals occur where they do? Beyond the basic requirement that an individual must be able to survive, different locations or habitats may provide different conditions for an individual's existence. Thus, another question arises: What are the consequences of the choice of habitat or microhabitat on the biology and ecology of the organism being considered? From an ecological point of view, habitat selection can influence physiological processes (Huey, 1991), population dynamics (Holt, 1987; Pulliam and Danielson, 1991), and community level processes (Morris, 1988; Rosenzweig, 1991). Lizards are an excellent group of organisms with which to examine the ecological consequences of habitat and microhabitat use. First, there is a relatively long history of studying habitat and microhabitat use in lizards, at least qualitatively (reviewed by Heatwole, 1977). Second, lizard ecology and physiology is well studied, at least for some species (see papers in Milstead, 1967; Gans and Pough, 1982a,b; Huey et al., 1983; Gans and Huey, 1988; Vitt and Pianka, 1994). Finally, recent studies have begun to examine the relationship between lizards and their environments in greater detail (see below) and provide a means to assess the role of habitat and microhabitat use in a lizard’s ecology. There is also a practical reason for looking at the ecological consequences of habitat and microhabitat use in lizards, and that is the on-going alterations of the environment by humans. We need to understand the role of habitat and microhabitat use in lizard ecology to be able to assess the potential impacts of such environmental changes and to suggest possible conservation measures. Before we begin our review of habitat use in lizards, it is necessary for us to define what we mean by \"habitat\". Habitat can mean a number of things and its meaning can depend heavily on the scale one is considering (see Morris, 1987a,b, 1992 for discussions ","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115204608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VOCALIZATION OF THE CROCODILE SKINK, TRIBOLONOTUS GRACILIS (DE ROOY, 1909), AND EVIDENCE OF PARENTAL CARE.","authors":"Ruston W. Hartdegen, M. Russell, Bruce Young","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11956","url":null,"abstract":"The crocodile or spiny skinks, Tribolonotus, comprise eight secretive semi-fossorial lizards, which are generally found under vegetation in the immediate vicinity of water (Greer and Parker, 1968; O'Shea, 1991, 1994; Rogner, 1997). Tribolonotus gracilis (Figure 1) and Tribolonotus novaeguineae are restricted to New Guinea, while the remaining six species range throughout Indonesia, Manus, New Britain, Bougainville, and the Solomon Islands (McCoy, 1980; O'Shea, 1991, 1994). Because scant life history information is available for the genus Tribolonotus, the purpose of the present contribution is to document the vocalization and parental care of T. gracilis.","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126903124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NATURAL HISTORY OF LEIOCEPHALUS SEMILINEATUS IN ASSOCIATION WITH SYMPATRIC LEIOCEPHALUS SCHREIBERSII AND AMEIVA LINEOLATA","authors":"Sonya E. Nelson, B. Banbury, R. A. Sosa, R. Powell, J. Parmerlee","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11955","url":null,"abstract":"We examined diet, habitat use, and behavior (focal animal observations of intraspecific interactions, escape behavior, and activity period) of Leiocephalus semilineatus from near Puerto Alejandro, Provincia de Barahona, República Dominicana, and compared some parameters to similar data collected at a site near Baní, Provincia de Peravia. Leiocephalus semilineatus is found in sympatry in dry scrub forests at both sites with Ameiva lineolata, an active-foraging teiid of approximately the same size, and at the Puerto Alejandro site with a larger congener, L. schreibersii. Leiocephalus semilineatus and L. schreibersii from Puerto Alejandro exhibited sexual size dimorphism, whereas L. semilineatus from the Baní site and A. lineolata did not. Leiocephalus semilineatus spent most of the time motionless; other observed activities were interactions with conspecifics, movement, and feeding. Lizards were active from shortly after sunrise to sundown, although activity peaked in late morning. Mean cloacal temperatures of L. semilineatus did not differ significantly from those of the other two species, but were significantly above ambient temperatures. Reproductive condition of collected specimens was examined and no correlation was found between snout-vent length and egg, follicle, or testis size. Clutch size was 1–2. Diets consisted primarily of invertebrates and did not differ significantly between the three species. Members of the iguanian lizard genus Leiocephalus are ground-dwelling, sit-and-wait foragers endemic to the West Indies (Pregill, 1992). Ten of the 23 currently recognized species are found on Hispañiola (Powell et al., 1996). Leiocephalus semilineatus (Figure 1), a Hispañiolan endemic, inhabits dry lowland habitats in the Culde-Sac Plain in Haiti and the Valle de Neiba and the Llanos de Azua in the República Dominicana, but may be absent from the eastern Valle de Neiba. This species has been found in dry and spiny scrub forest, open rocky terrain, along arroyos, and around garbage dumps. It is found primarily on the ground, usually perched on rocks, but sometimes in vegetation including dead agaves and small shrubs. Several members of the genus Leiocephalus have been subjects of natural history studies, including Leiocephalus carinatus (Schoener et al., 1982), L. psammodromus (Smith, 1992, 1994, 1995; Smith and Iverson, 1993), L. schreibersii (Schreiber et al., 1993), and L. barahonensis (Micco et al., 1997), but little is known about the basic biology of L. semilineatus. Schwartz and Henderson (1991) described L. semilineatus as a xerophile associated with gravelly or rocky areas. In at least some parts of its range, Leiocephalus semilineatus is found in sympatry with the teiid Ameiva lineolata, an active forager of approximately the same body size, and with its larger congener, L. schreibersii. Because these areas of sympatry are ideal for studying niche partitioning, we examined aspects of the natural history of L. semilineatus and compared","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133252831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF INHALANT ANESTHETICS IN THREE SNAKE SPECIES","authors":"G. Blouin‐Demers, C. Shilton, C. Parent, Gregory P. Brown","doi":"10.17161/CH.VI1.11963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/CH.VI1.11963","url":null,"abstract":"Different snake species respond differently to various anesthetic agents. Hence, an anesthetic procedure developed for one species cannot necessarily be safely transferred to another species. The goal of this paper is to summarize our experience using inhalant anesthetics on three snake species, including both procedures that were successful and those we found to be less satisfactory. We found isoflurane delivered with a precision vaporizer to be the best agent to anesthetize black rat snakes (Elaphe o. obsoleta). Sex and mass did not seem to affect induction times in black rat snakes, but larger female rat snakes recovered faster from anesthesia than smaller females. Halothane delivered in the open method provided consistent anesthesia in northern water snakes (Nerodia s. sipedon), although it caused some mortality and should not be used on debilitated patients. Halothane delivered with a precision vaporizer may be used to anesthetize eastern massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus c. catenatus). However, care must be taken to prevent mortality resulting from anesthetic overdose. Sex and mass had no effect on induction and recovery times in the rattlesnakes, but stressed animals require longer induction and recovery times.","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122146980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteins of parotoid gland secretions from toads of the genus Bufo","authors":"D. Perry","doi":"10.17161/CH.VI1.11962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/CH.VI1.11962","url":null,"abstract":"Freeze-dried parotoid gland secretions from toads of the genus Bufo contained large proportions of protein (25-35% by weight). SDS-PAGE suggested that secretions from several species of Bufo contained mixtures of proteins in the relative molecular mass range of approximately 12 - 200 kDa, which exhibited markedly different banding patterns from species to species. These proteins were presumably not discovered before because the previous extraction procedures used with these secretions were designed to examine low molecular mass compounds and would denature the proteins. SDS-PAGE of secretions from B. mauritanicus and B. calamita are shown here. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of one of the bands (approx. 58 kDa) of B. mauritanicus was found to be LPIPAFPGLDHGF and of a B. calamita band (30.5 kDa) was VQVFGLQKEA. No significant similarities to these two sequences and to three separate but partial N-terminal sequences obtained from these species were found in genetic databases.","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114173247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHARACTER ASSESSMENT, GENUS LEVEL BOUNDARIES, AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF THE FAMILY RHACOPHORIDAE:: A REVIEW AND PRESENT DAY STATUS","authors":"J. A. Wilkinson, R. Drewes","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11961","url":null,"abstract":"The first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the family Rhacophoridae was conducted by Liem (1970) scoring 81 species for 36 morphological characters. Channing (1989), in a reanalysis of Liem’s study, produced a phylogenetic hypothesis different from that of Liem. We compared the two studies and produced a third phylogenetic hypothesis based on the same characters. We also present the synapomorphic characters from Liem that define the major clades and each genus within the family. Finally, we summarize intergeneric relationships within the family as hypothesized by other studies, and the family’s current status as it relates to other ranoid families. The family Rhacophoridae is comprised of over 200 species of Asian and African tree frogs that have been categorized into 10 genera and two subfamilies (Buergerinae and Rhacophorinae; Duellman, 1993). Buergerinae is a monotypic category that accommodates the relatively small genus Buergeria. The remaining genera, Aglyptodactylus, Boophis, Chirixalus, Chiromantis, Nyctixalus, Philautus, Polyp edates, Rhacophorus, and Theloderma, comprise Rhacophorinae (Channing, 1989). The family is part of the neobatrachian clade Ranoidea, which also includes the families Ranidae, Hyperoliidae, Dendrobatidae, Arthroleptidae, the genus Hemisus, and possibly the family Microhylidae. The Ranoidea clade is distinguished from other neobatrachians by the synapomorphic characters of completely fused epicoracoid cartilages, the medial end of the coracoid being wider than the lateral end, and the insertion of the semitendinosus tendon being dorsal to the m. (musculus) gracilis (Ford and Cannatella, 1993). Liem (1970) analyzed the family Rhacophoridae along with some representatives of the family Hyperoliidae to revise the systematics and possibly construct a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among these families' genera. Based on this study, distinguishing characteristics of Rhacophoridae have been proposed as being: the fusion of carpals and tarsals; only one slip of the m. extensor digitorum communis longus inserting on the distal portion of the fourth metatarsal; the outermost slip of the m. palmaris longus inserting on the proximolateral rim of the aponeurosis palmaris; the frontoparietal being trapezoidal; the terminal phalanx being bifurcate; and the presence of intercalary elements (if hyperoliids are not sister to rhacophorids, otherwise they share this characteristic; Channing, 1989; Ford and Cannatella, 1993). Channing (1989), in a reanalysis of Liem's study and based on his set of characters, produced a cladogram in some respects similar to, but in many others different from Liem’s preferred tree (Liem, 1970; Figure 1). The similarities are that the Malagasy rhacophorid genera and the genus Buergeria have basal positions, and Aglyptodactylus is sister to Mantidactylus. But, none of the remaining sister group relationships are common between the two topologies (e.g., Nyctixalus is sister to Theloderma in ","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114410649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VARIATION IN BODY TEMPERATURE AND THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOR BETWEEN TWO POPULATIONS OF THE LESSER EARLESS LIZARD, HOLBROOKIA MACULATA","authors":"S. Hager","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11960","url":null,"abstract":"Body temperatures and thermoregulatory behavior of fieldactive Holbrookia maculata were evaluated for two sites at approximately equal elevation (approximately1200 m) in southern New Mexico: 1) a population at White Sands National Monument, and 2) a population at the Jornada Long-term Ecological Research site. H. maculata at WS had significantly lower body temperatures (mean = 36.3°C) than those measured at the Jornada Long-term Ecological Research site (mean = 39.5°C). The slope of a regression of body temperature on air temperature was significantly different between populations (White Sands National Monument; 0.65, the Jornada Long-term Ecological Research site; 0.36). The microhabitats in which individuals were first observed correlated with body temperatures at White Sands National Monument, but not at the Jornada Long-term Ecological Research site. These data suggest that environmental temperature differences between sites influenced body temperatures and thermoregulation in behavior H. maculata.","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129538533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYLOGENY OF SOME MIDDLE AMERICAN PITVIPERS BASED ON A CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL 12S AND 16S DNA SEQUENCE INFORMATION","authors":"S. D. Werman, B. Crother, M. White","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11949","url":null,"abstract":"The cladistic relationships of several Middle American pitvipers representing the genera Bothrops (sensu stricto), Bothriechis, Cerrophidion, Lachesis and Porthidium were determined using mitochondrial 12S and 16S DNA sequence information. Maximum parsimony analyses were performed using PAUP on aligned sequences that included published information for related taxa. Two sets of analyses were conducted: one disregarding gaps in the aligned matrix, and another with gaps treated as a fifth base. When gaps were excluded resolution declined, although the general arrangement of the taxa changed little. A consistent relationship was the grouping of ((Porthidium, Bothriechis) Lachesis). The placement of Lachesis, as nested within other bothropoid genera, is only partially supported by results of other authors. The arrangement of Crotalus, Bothrops and Cerrophidion was ambiguous when gaps were discounted. In both trees, Agkistrodon was basal to the New World forms. The remaining genera, Trimeresurus (Protobothrops), Vipera, Azemiops, and Coluber, were uniformly distant to the former taxa. Also of interest is the lack of close relationship, based on the DNA data here and elsewhere, between Bothrops and Porthidium. This is in striking contrast to results based on morphologic and allozymic analyses of previous studies. It is concluded that additional DNA sequence information from a larger sample of taxa will be necessary to better assess the phylogenetic relationships among Middle American and related pitvipers. The bothropoid pitvipers comprise a diverse and widespread assemblage of venomous snakes distributed from southern Mexico to southern Argentina. In the last decade, progress from systematic studies of pitvipers has led to descriptions of new species and the recognition of several new generic arrangements for those species formerly assigned to Bothrops (sensu lato). Detailed species accounts can be found in Campbell and Lamar (1989), whereas the most recent generic arrangement of New World pitvipers can be found in Campbell and Brodie (1992), and summarized in Campbell and Lamar (1992). The phylogenetic relationships among Neotropical pitvipers remain problematic. Although several studies using phenotypic character information (Crother et al., 1992; Werman, 1992; Gutberlet, 1998) and molecular data (Knight et al., 1992; Kraus et al., 1996; Cullings et al., 1997; Salomão et al., 1997; Vidal et al., 1997; Wüster et al., 1997) have been completed, many inconsistencies of phylogenetic inference persist (see Werman, 1998). Herein, we present a cladistic analysis of novel mitochondrial 12S and 16S DNA sequence information for some Middle American pitviper species, in conjunction with published sequences for related genera. Of primary concern is the relationship of Lachesis to the other New World pitviper genera and the relationship of Bothrops (sensu stricto) to Porthidium. Among DNA studies that include Lachesis (Kraus et al., 1996; Cullings et al., 1997; V","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122915312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WEST INDIAN XENODONTINE SNAKES (SERPENTES; COLUBRIDAE) WITH COMMENTS ON THE PHYLOGENY OF SOME MAINLAND XENODONTINES","authors":"B. Crother","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11935","url":null,"abstract":"The evolutionary relationships of the West Indian (W. I.) xenodontine snake assemblage has been considered as either monophyletic or paraphyletic. Allozyme data from protein electrophoresis were used to estimate the phylogeny of the W. I. xenodontine snakes. Forty-two species from 25 genera (mainland and W. I. taxa) were examined. The phylogenetic relationships were estimated using parsimony analyses with successive approximation weighting on the data coded two ways: (1) the allele as the character and (2) the locus as the character. The most parsimonious trees from both coding methods indicated a non-monophyletic W. I. xenodontine assemblage. Three W.I. groups were recovered in both coding methods: (1) Jamaican Arrhyton and Darlingtonia, (2) Uromacer and the Cuban Arrhyton, and (3) Alsophis, Ialtris, and the South American Alsophis elegans. The relationships of Hypsirhynchus, Antillophis and Arrhyton exiguum were unstable. Nomenclatural changes are recommended for Darlingtonia, Arrhyton, Ialtris and Alsophis.","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125618701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}