Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Markers of Inflammation and Bone Turnover in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Risk of Charcot Arthropathy.","authors":"Salini Dharmadas, Harish Kumar, Minnie Pillay, Thacho Sukumaran Mangalanandan, Lakshmanan Vivek, Valiyaparambil Pavithran Praveen, Arun Bal","doi":"10.7547/24-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7547/24-116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent research indicates that inflammation-induced changes in the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway play a significant role in the development of Charcot arthropathy. Considering the severe implications of Charcot arthropathy, cost-effective screening of patients at risk of the disease could prove to be an effective preventative strategy. As an initial endeavour in our attempt to identify a predictive biomarker for Charcot arthropathy, we conducted an analysis of inflammation and bone turnover markers in diabetic patients at risk of Charcot arthropathy. We then compared these markers with those of patients in the acute stage of Charcot arthropathy and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 45 subjects were carefully selected and categorized into three groups, with 15 individuals in each group. Group 1 encompassed patients over 50 years of age, with more than 10 years of type 2 diabetes and severe neuropathy (DN). Group 2 consisted of patients diagnosed with acute-stage Charcot arthropathy (aCA), while Group 3 consisted of healthy, non-diabetic, age-matched controls (N). Serum inflammatory markers and bone turnover markers were analyzed across these groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were only noted in the median values of HbA1c (P=0.000), VPT (P=0.000), and OPG (P=0.009) among the groups under study. No notable increase was observed in the serum levels of the inflammatory marker IL6 (P value - 0.071), the bone resorption marker TRAP5B (P value - 0.066), or the bone formation marker BALP (0.251) across the groups. However, a positive correlation was identified between IL-6 and OPG in the aCA group (r=0.900, P=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In alignment with the existing literature, serum OPG levels were found to be elevated in the aCA group compared to the control groups. The observed similarities in serum levels of IL6 and TRAP5B across the groups are noteworthy and warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Questionnaire: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ana Belen Ortega-Avila, Sandra Sanchez-Morilla, Maria Hermas Galan-Hurtado, Pablo Cervera-Garvi, Jorge Garcia-Medina, Ana Marchena-Rodriguez","doi":"10.7547/24-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7547/24-070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure is frequently used by clinicians and researchers to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for patients with foot and ankle pathologies. To review different versions of the FAAM and to evaluate the methodological quality of studies published in this respect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A search was conducted in the PubMed, SCOPUS, PEDro, PROSPERO and SPORTDiscus databases, applying the following inclusion criteria: validation studies of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, in different languages, with no time limit, in a population aged ≥18 years. Two of the present authors independently assessed the quality of the studies located and extracted the relevant data. The COSMIN checklist was employed to assess methodological quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen instruments met the inclusion criteria for this review. In many cases, significant methodological flaws were detected, mostly regarding criterion validity and measurement error.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Only the Spanish-language cultural adaptation of the FAAM presents adequate methodological quality. Further studies, with greater methodological rigour, are required of the cultural adaptations of this measurement instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":17241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balance, Gait and Foot Pressure Distribution in Neuropathic Pain Associated with Lumbar Disc Degeneration.","authors":"Suleyman Korkusuz, Büsra Seckinogullari Korkusuz, Zeliha Ozlem Yuruk, Sibel Kibar, Ferdi Yavuz","doi":"10.7547/24-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7547/24-138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NP associated with LDD on balance, gait and foot pressure distribution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective controlled study was conducted on 42 individuals aged between 40-70 years. There were 3 groups in the study: individuals diagnosed with NP associated with LDD (n=14), individuals with LDD without NP (n=14), and the control group (n=14). The Force Plate system and Core Balance System measured static and dynamic postural balance and stability limits. Gait and dynamic plantar pressure distribution analyses were performed with a computerized gait evaluation system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms (LANSS), VAS during gait, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were higher in LDD with NP group than in LDD without NP group (p<0.05). It was found that LDD with NP group had backward dynamic balance control (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in balance control, dynamic plantar pressure distribution, and spatiotemporal gait parameters between the groups (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although participants with NP had higher levels of pain severity in gait and disability, there was no difference in postural balance, dynamic plantar pressure distribution, and spatiotemporal gait parameters compared to participants with LDD without NP and healthy individuals. All participants with LDD were unilaterally affected. Therefore, postural balance and gait tasks would be able to compensate for the unaffected limb.</p>","PeriodicalId":17241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Characteristics of the Intrinsic Foot Muscles in Individuals With Flat Foot: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Serkan Taş, Ece Ekici, Ümit Yüzbaşioğlu, Asena Ayça Özdemir","doi":"10.7547/24-094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7547/24-094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this meta-analysis was to discern the changes in morphological characteristics of the intrinsic foot muscles, including changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) and thickness of the abductor hallucis (AbH), flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), and abductor digiti minimi (AbDM) in individuals with flat foot (FF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted our literature search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases. We included English-language case-control and cross-sectional studies comparing the morphological features of the intrinsic foot muscles in adults with and without FF. The methodological quality of the five studies that met the inclusion criteria was assessed with an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies. The mean difference (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to quantify the effects between adults with and without FF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included five studies, one of which was classified as high quality, while the remaining studies were classified as moderate quality. The CSA of the FHB (MD = -0.41, 95% CI = -0.61, -0.22; p < 0.001, I2:59%) and AbDM (MD = -0.21, 95% CI = -0.32, -0.11; p< 0.001; I2=1%) and the thickness of the AbDM (MD = -1.43, 95% CI = -1.81, -1.05; p< 0.001; I2=1%) were lower in individuals with FF than in the control group. However, the CSA of the AbH and FDB, and the thickness of the AbH, FHB, and FDB exhibited no significant differences between the FF and control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of our study indicate that individuals with FF exhibited significant atrophy of the FHB and AbDM muscles. However, the morphology of the AbH and FDB muscles did not appear to influence foot posture, based on the five studies that were considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":17241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Foot-Ankle Condition On Physical Performance in Cerebral Palsy With Spastic Equinus Deformity.","authors":"İsmail Uysal, Fatih Özden, Özgür Nadiye Karaman, Ahmet İmerci","doi":"10.7547/23-088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7547/23-088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The severity of foot disability in children with cerebral palsy (CP) should be examined with both objective and subjective assessment tools. This cross-sectional study investigated the effect of foot-ankle function on physical performance in CP with spastic equinus deformity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional prospective study was performed on 61 children with cerebral palsy. Participants were evaluated by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (OxAFQ-C), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Single Leg Stance Test (SLST), 3-Meter Backward Walking Test (3MBWT) and Functional Reach Test (FRT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the children with CP (28 female, 33 male) included in the study was 11.3±4.4 years. Individuals with higher ankle-foot function had better TUG, 3MBWT, and SLST performances (p<0.005). OxAFQ-C physical scale was moderately correlated with TUG (r=-0.474) and SLST (right extremity-eyes open) (r=0.386) (p<0.01). In addition, there was a low significant correlation between 3MBWT, SLST (right extremity-eyes closed), SLST (left extremity-eyes open), and SLST (left extremity-eyes closed) with OxAFQ-C physical scale (p<0.05). OxAFQ-C school and play scale had a moderate to weak correlation coefficient (r=0.257-0.430) with all physical performance tests (p<0.05). In addition, there were moderate and low correlations between OxAFQ-C emotional scale with TUG (r=-0.495) and 3MBWT (r=-0.298), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that foot-ankle performance influenced physical performance on time-based physical tasks but not better performance-based physical conditions. It was concluded that foot-ankle condition was most strongly associated with sit-to-stand and walking performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Ankle Fracture Outcomes with Short-Term Postoperative Immobilization.","authors":"Xuebin Zhang, Zaigang Dong, Wenze Liu, Kai Lei, Xiaole Xue, Biao Ning","doi":"10.7547/24-128","DOIUrl":"10.7547/24-128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the effect of short-term cast immobilization on the prognosis of ankle fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 60 patients who underwent ankle fracture surgery in our hospital from September 2021 to September 2022 were included and divided into cast immobilization group (n=30) and control group (n=30). Both groups were given open reduction and internal fixation. After operation, the immobilization group used plaster cast bandage to fix the ankle joint of the affected side in the functional position for 2 weeks; the control group did not receive cast immobilization and was only bandaged with routine wound dressings. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, ankle joint range of motion (ROM), lower extremity deep venous thrombosis rate, and ankle joint function score were followed up in the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients were followed up for 6 months. The VAS score of cast immobilization group were lower than control group at postoperative 1, 3 and 7 days (P<0.05). At postoperative 1, 2 and 3 months, the dorsiflexion ROM of the ankle joint in cast immobilization group was larger than control group (P<0.05). The ankle plantarflexion ROM at postoperative 1 and 2 months were larger than the control group (P<0.05). The AOFAS of cast immobilization group was larger than the control group at postoperative 3 months (P=0.002). The postoperative deep venous thrombosis rate was 1/30 (3.3%) in cast immobilization group and 3/30 (10%) in the control group (P=0.605).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-term cast immobilization after ankle fracture surgery can significantly reduce postoperative pain in the early stage, without increasing the recovery and the incidence of deep venous thrombosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Podiatrists in Singapore.","authors":"Mei Ling Tan, Marabelle Heng, Patrick Thye San Ker, John Wah Lim","doi":"10.7547/23-217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7547/23-217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Work-related musculoskeletal disorders have become a leading occupational health problem in healthcare professionals. This study aims to bring attention to a growing problem by reporting the prevalence, risk factors and workplace interventions related to workrelated musculoskeletal disorders in Singapore podiatrists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All podiatrists in Singapore were eligible to participate. A self-administered survey which included questions from the Standard Nordic Questionnaire was used to understand their work practice and musculoskeletal symptoms. Data on workplace interventions for prevention were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 50% response rate was achieved (n=50). 72% attributed their musculoskeletal pain to work, of which 40% had pain affecting activities of daily living and almost half recorded consequent absenteeism. The neck, wrist/ hand and the lower back were most frequently affected. For one-third, pain onset occurred early in professional practice. Ergonomic factors were the predominant cause. Females (OR 6.7; CI 1.0-42.8) and self-reported poor posture during clinical work (OR 6.7; CI 1.0-45.1) were possible risk factors. Trends of higher BMI, long hours of continuous clinical work and higher mental stress at work were also observed. Only 26% reported workplace interventions. Work organisation and ergonomic interventions were thought to be most effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Work-related musculoskeletal disorders is a significant health problem in podiatrists, causes disability and impacts work through absenteeism. Occupational health practitioners should raise awareness of work-related risks and engage the profession to identify mitigating strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Repetitive Loading From 5 Km of Running on Plantar Pressure in Healthy Young Participants.","authors":"Takahashi Momoka, Takabayashi Tomoya, Kamijo Hajime, Kikumoto Takanori, Kubo Masayoshi","doi":"10.7547/23-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7547/23-113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repetitive loading during running is associated with the occurrence of running injuries. Several previous studies have assessed plantar pressure before, during, and after running. However, the difference in plantar pressure before and after 5 km of running has not been investigated. A 5-km running distance can be easily achieved by novice and recreational runners. There is evidence that novice runners are more likely to suffer injuries from running compared with experienced runners. This study aimed to examine changes in plantar pressure before and after 5 km of running.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were 10 healthy adult men who were asked to run 5 km on a treadmill. The foot plantar pressure area was measured before and after running. Plantar pressure data were divided according to the following areas: toe, metatarsal, heel, medial, lateral, anterior, posterior. The peak values of each area during the stance phase were compared before and after 5 km of running using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The peak value of plantar pressure on the hallux (p=0.01), first metatarsal (p<0.01), toe (hallux and 2nd-5th toe) (p=0.04), and medial (metatarsal, first metatarsal, medial heel) (p=0.04) areas was significantly lower after running than before running.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The plantar pressure of the medial and anterior foot areas after 5 km of running decreased. This may be because the participants were adopting a strategy that avoided overloading the medial and anterior foot area throughout 5 km of running. To elucidate this involved mechanism, future research should focus on related muscle activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Hardness of Insoles on the Abductor Hallucis Muscle in Baxter's Entrapment A Cross-Over Randomized Study.","authors":"Vanesa Pinto-Franco, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Israel Casado-Hernández, Emmanuel Navarro-Flores, Daniel López-López, Eva María Martínez-Jiménez, Eduardo Pérez-Boal, José Luis Muñoz-Sánchez, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo","doi":"10.7547/23-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7547/23-241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The etiology and diagnosis of heel pain are complex and multifactorial, and it has been reported that Baxter's entrapment is responsible for up to 20% of foot disorders. The most conservative treatment of Baxter's entrapment has been the use of custom insoles. Electromyography was considered an effective test to assess muscle activity. The aim of this study was to test the use of insoles of different hardness on muscle activity of the abductor hallucis muscle in subjects with entrapment of the lateral branch of the external plantar nerve.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>18 subjects (7 women and 11 men) diagnosed with nerve entrapment of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve were recruited. Muscle activity of the adductor hallucis muscle was analyzed with insoles of different hardness in static and dynamic situations using electromyographic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The statistical analysis did not show statistically significant differences in the muscle activity of the abductor hallucis muscle in the static position, with and without plantar orthoses (p>0.05), in contrast, in dynamic situations statistically significant differences were found between groups (p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of a hard insole decreases the maximum peak muscular activity of the abductor hallucis muscle in subjects with Baxter's nerve entrapment in walking conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Foot Anthropometric Measurements on Pain and Functional Disability of Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women.","authors":"Rabia Koca, Müşerref Ebru Şen, Mehmet Yılmazer","doi":"10.7547/22-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7547/22-202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weight gain during pregnancy, loosening of the foot ligaments with the release of relaxin hormone, anthropometric and biomechanical changes can be seen in the foot with the growing fetus. It was aimed to determine whether these changes that occur during pregnancy cause painful musculoskeletal problems by altering the proximal structures of the lower extremities and the structure of the spine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Within the scope of this study, 210 women, half of whom are 3rd trimester of pregnancy (in the 28-40 weeks), aged between 18 and 40, with similar demographic characteristics are evaluated through measuring their navicular drops, hallux valgus angles, foot widths, foot lengths and tibial-calcaneal angles of both feet. Foot Function Index for foot-ankle, Kujala Patellofemoral Score for knee, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for hip, Oswestry Disability Index for waist and Modified Neck Disability Index for neck were used to determine pain and functional limitation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, pain and functional disability in the waist, hip, knee, foot-ankle joints, navicular drops, hallux valgus angles and tibial-calcaneal angles were found to be significantly higher in pregnant women compared to the control group (P=0.00). It was observed that pain and dysfunction in all joints increased as navicular drop increased in both pregnant and nonpregnant women. In addition, it was determined that the increase in other anthropometric measurements in both groups caused pain and functional disability in most of the women, especially in the foot and ankle joints. However, the cause of joint pain and functional deficiencies was not related to pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was observed that foot deformities and proximal region complaints were significantly higher in pregnant women, and foot deformities caused more foot-ankle pain and disability in both the study and control groups. No difference was observed in pregnant women with the control group.</p>","PeriodicalId":17241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}