Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences最新文献_第9页

Onset of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification: Evaluating the response to Length Scales of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies. 热带气旋快速增强的爆发：评估对海面温度异常长度尺度的响应。

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-22-0158.1

Chibueze N. Oguejiofor, C. Wainwright, Johna E. Rudzin, D. Richter

{"title":"Onset of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification: Evaluating the response to Length Scales of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies.","authors":"Chibueze N. Oguejiofor, C. Wainwright, Johna E. Rudzin, D. Richter","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-22-0158.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-22-0158.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Predicting the rapid intensification (> 15.0 m s−1 increase in 10m wind speed over\u000024 hours or less) of tropical cyclones (TC) remains a challenge in the broader context of numerical\u0000weather prediction largely due to their multiscale dynamics. Ocean observations show that the size\u0000and magnitude of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with cold wakes and ocean\u0000eddies play important roles in TC dynamics.\u0000In this study, a combination of spectral and structure function analyses is utilized to generate realistic\u0000realizations of multiscale anomalies characteristic of the SST conditions in which Hurricane Irma\u0000(2017) underwent rapid intensification (RI). We investigate the impact of the length scale of these\u0000SST anomalies and the role of translation speed on the variance in RI onset timing.\u0000Length-scale-induced convective asymmetries, in addition to the mean magnitude of SST anomalies\u0000beneath the storm eye, are shown to modulate the variance in RI onset timing. The size of the\u0000associated SST length scales relative to the storm size is critical to the magnitude of variance in\u0000RI onset timing, as smaller length scales are shown to lack the spatial extent required to induce\u0000preferential convective asymmetries. Stormtranslation speed is also shown to influence the variance\u0000in RI onset timing for larger length scale ensembles by altering the exposure time of the eye to\u0000these SST anomalies. We find that an interplay between SST-induced convective asymmetries, the\u0000magnitude of SST anomalies underneath the eye/eye-wall, and storm translation speed play crucial\u0000roles in modulating the variance in RI onset timing.","PeriodicalId":17231,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46746990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preconditioning and Intensification of Upstream Extratropical Cyclones through Surface Fluxes 地表通量对上游温带气旋的预处理和强化

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-22-0251.1

Reuben Demirdjian, J. Doyle, Peter M. Finocchio, C. Reynolds

{"title":"Preconditioning and Intensification of Upstream Extratropical Cyclones through Surface Fluxes","authors":"Reuben Demirdjian, J. Doyle, Peter M. Finocchio, C. Reynolds","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-22-0251.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-22-0251.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The influence of the surface latent and surface sensible heat flux on the development and interaction of an idealized extratropical cyclone (termed “primary”) with an upstream cyclone (termed “upstream”) using the Navy’s Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) is analyzed. The primary cyclone develops from an initial perturbation to a baroclinically-unstable jet stream, while the upstream cyclone results from Rossby wave dispersion at the surface where a bottom-up style development occurs. The intensity of the upstream cyclone is strongly enhanced by surface latent heat fluxes and, to a lesser degree, by surface sensible heat fluxes. Forward trajectories initiated from the post-frontal sector of the primary cyclone travel south of the upstream anticyclone and feed into the atmospheric river and warm conveyor belt region of the upstream cyclone. Substantial moistening of this airstream is a result of upward surface latent heat flux present in both the primary cyclone’s post-frontal sector and along the southern flank of the anticyclone. Backward trajectories initiated from the same region show that these air parcels originate from a broad area north of both the anticyclone and the primary cyclone in the lower troposphere. The airstream identified represents a new pathway through which dry, descending air that is preconditioned through surface moistening enhances the development of an upstream cyclone through diabatically generated potential vorticity.","PeriodicalId":17231,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64552979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Upstream-downstream asymmetry in multiscale interaction underlying the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blockings 北半球大气阻塞下多尺度相互作用的上下游不对称性

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-22-0220.1

Jiwang Ma, X. Liang

{"title":"Upstream-downstream asymmetry in multiscale interaction underlying the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blockings","authors":"Jiwang Ma, X. Liang","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-22-0220.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-22-0220.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The typical blockings over the Pacific, Atlantic, and Ural Mountain regions are investigated for an understanding of their dynamical interactions in a unified treatment with their respective basic flows and high-frequency processes, respectively. Thanks to the localized nature of the new methodology as used in this study, for the first time we identify a dipolar structure (for each of the three regions) in the map of the interscale energy transfer from the basic flow to the composite blocking, with a positive center upstream and a negative center downstream. This indicates the crucial role of the instability of the basic flow in the maintenance of blockings, which has been overlooked due to the bulk nature of the spatially integrated energetics (by summing the transfer over the whole blocking, the two centers essentially cancel out, leaving an insignificant bulk transfer). For the interaction between the blocking and the high-frequency storms, the well-known critical role of the upscale forcing in blocking development is confirmed. But, unexpectedly, except for that over the Atlantic where the forcing exists throughout, over the other two regions the forcing is found to occur mainly in downstream. This is quite different from what the classical theory, e.g., the famous eddy strain mechanism of Shutts (1983), would predict.","PeriodicalId":17231,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43220647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kinetic Energy Spectra and Spectral Budget of Radiative-Convective Equilibrium 辐射对流平衡的动能谱和谱预算

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-22-0173.1

KwanTo Lai, Michael L. Waite

{"title":"Kinetic Energy Spectra and Spectral Budget of Radiative-Convective Equilibrium","authors":"KwanTo Lai, Michael L. Waite","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-22-0173.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-22-0173.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The atmospheric kinetic energy spectrum and energy cascade are investigated in idealised simulations of radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE). WRF is employed to perform cloud-resolving simulation of an idealized radiative-convective equilibrium with and without aggregation with Δx = 4 km. The horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) spectrum for the aggregated simulation in the upper troposphere is steeper than the non-aggregated case and closer to -5/3. The HKE spectra for the non-aggregated simulation in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere are much shallower than the -5/3 spectrum. In the upper troposphere, the divergent kinetic energy has a similar magnitude to the rotational kinetic energy in both the non-aggregated simulation and aggregated simulation. Energy is mainly gained from the buoyancy flux and mainly lost from the vertical energy flux for scales larger than 20 km. Downscale energy transfer is found in the upper troposphere. Numerical dissipation is the main source of energy loss at small scales. In the lower stratosphere, the divergent kinetic energy dominates the kinetic energy spectrum in both simulations. Energy is mainly gained from the vertical energy flux and is balanced by the loss from the buoyancy flux term, transfer term and dissipation. An Eliassen-Palm flux analysis suggests that wave-mean-flow interaction may be responsible for the upscale energy transfer found in the lower stratosphere. The magnitudes of our kinetic energy spectra are similar to spectra calculated from aircraft data. Rotation is found to promote aggregation and steepen the energy spectrum.","PeriodicalId":17231,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43890184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moyamoya-Like Vasculopathy and Orbital Trauma: An Association. 莫亚莫亚样血管病与眼眶创伤：关联。

IF 0.8 3区地球科学

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-17 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2023.2212756

Jonathan A Alexis, Jane Lock, Lay Kho, Andrew L Thompson, David A Prentice

引用次数: 0

Kelvin Helmholtz Instability “Tube” & “Knot” Dynamics, Part I: Expanding Observational Evidence of Occurrence and Environmental Influences Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性“管”和“结”动力学，第一部分：扩展发生和环境影响的观测证据

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-22-0189.1

D. Fritts, G. Baumgarten, P. Pautet, J. Hecht, B. Williams, N. Kaifler, B. Kaifler, C. Kjellstrand, Ling Wang, M. Taylor, A. Miller

{"title":"Kelvin Helmholtz Instability “Tube” & “Knot” Dynamics, Part I: Expanding Observational Evidence of Occurrence and Environmental Influences","authors":"D. Fritts, G. Baumgarten, P. Pautet, J. Hecht, B. Williams, N. Kaifler, B. Kaifler, C. Kjellstrand, Ling Wang, M. Taylor, A. Miller","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-22-0189.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-22-0189.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Multiple recent observations in the mesosphere have revealed large-scale Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities (KHI) exhibiting diverse spatial features and temporal evolutions. The first event reported by Hecht et al. (2021) exhibited multiple features resembling those seen to arise in early laboratory shear-flow studies described as “Tube” and “Knot” (T&K) dynamics by Thorpe (1985, 1987). The potential importance of T&K dynamics in the atmosphere, and in the oceans and other stratified and sheared fluids, is due to their accelerated turbulence transitions and elevated energy dissipation rates relative to KHI turbulence transitions occurring in their absence. Motivated by these studies, we survey recent observational evidence of multi-scale Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities throughout the atmosphere, many features of which closely resemble T&K dynamics observed in the laboratory and idealized initial modeling. These efforts will guide further modeling assessing the potential importance of these T&K dynamics in turbulence generation, energy dissipation, and mixing throughout the atmosphere and other fluids. We expect these dynamics to have implications for parameterizing mixing and transport in stratified shear flows in the atmosphere and oceans that have not been considered to date. Companion papers describe results of a multi-scale gravity wave direct numerical simulation (DNS) that serendipitously exhibits a number of KHI T&K events and an idealized multi-scale DNS of KHI T&K dynamics without gravity wave influences.","PeriodicalId":17231,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42847349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Changes in relative humidity profiles over Earth’s oceans in a warming climate: a satellite data based inference 变暖气候下地球海洋相对湿度剖面的变化:基于卫星数据的推断

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-22-0119.1

Carsten Abraham, C. Goldblatt

{"title":"Changes in relative humidity profiles over Earth’s oceans in a warming climate: a satellite data based inference","authors":"Carsten Abraham, C. Goldblatt","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-22-0119.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-22-0119.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Recently we presented a classification of ‘primitive’ relative humidity (RH) profiles into 8 distinct clusters over Earth’s oceans, based on about 18 years (2003-2020) of observations from the AIRS on NASA’s Aqua satellite. Here we investigate the seasonal variability and decadal trends, both in the vertical structure of these profiles, and in their associated area of occurrence. Since vertical structures (except in the marine boundary layer) of each RH-class are generally robust across all seasons and change only weakly in a warming climate, seasonal or decadal changes to their occurrence areas shift patterns of global moisture distribution. Globally, the marine boundary layer exhibits non-linear moistening effects after about 2010, the end of thewarming hiatus. Annual timeseries of ocean areas dominated by RH-classes have linear trends, which are positive only for the most moist and driest RH-classes (in terms of the free troposphere) associated with deep convection and large-scale subsidence favouring conditions for low-level stratocumulus clouds, respectively. Based on estimated linear trends of RH-class occurrences and sea-surface temperatures, we infer projected linear responses of RH in a warming climate. Ocean areas dominated by most moist and driest RH-classes (in terms of the free atmosphere) are estimated to increase by about 1 and 2 %, respectively (corresponding to about 2.5%K−1 and 4.5%K−1, respectively). The averaged global and tropical RH-structure remain almost constant in a warming climate. While this is consistent with other studies, our results show how increases in most moist and dry areas compensate each other, indicating possible increases in the frequency or persistence of future extreme events.","PeriodicalId":17231,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43917553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evidence for the influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation on the semiannual oscillation in the tropical middle atmosphere 准两年振荡对热带中层大气半年振荡影响的证据

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-22-0255.1

Anne K. Smith, L. Gray, R. Garcia

{"title":"Evidence for the influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation on the semiannual oscillation in the tropical middle atmosphere","authors":"Anne K. Smith, L. Gray, R. Garcia","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-22-0255.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-22-0255.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The semiannual oscillation (SAO) in zonally averaged zonal winds develops just above the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and dominates the seasonal variability in the tropical upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The magnitude, seasonality, and latitudinal structure of the SAO vary with the phase of the QBO. There is also an annual oscillation (AO) whose magnitude at the equator is smaller than those of the SAO and QBO but not negligible. This work presents the relation between the SAO, QBO, AO, and time-mean wind in the tropical upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere using winds derived from satellite geopotential height observations. The winds are generally more westerly during the easterly phase of the QBO. The SAO extends to lower altitudes during periods where the QBO is characterized by deep easterly winds. The differences in the SAO associated with the QBO are roughly confined to the latitudes where the QBO has appreciable amplitude, suggesting that the mechanism is controlled by vertical coupling. The westerly phases of the SAO and AO show downward propagation with time. This analysis suggests that forcing by dissipation of waves with westerly momentum is responsible for the westerly acceleration of both the SAO and AO. The timing and structure of the easterly phases of the SAO and AO near the stratopause are consistent with the response to meridional advection of momentum across the equator during solstices; it is not apparent that local wave processes play important roles in the easterly phases in the region of the stratopause.","PeriodicalId":17231,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Longwave radiative effects beyond the initial intensification phase of tropical cyclones 热带气旋初始增强阶段以外的长波辐射效应

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-22-0214.1

Yi Dai, M. Torn, I. N. Williams, W. Collins

{"title":"Longwave radiative effects beyond the initial intensification phase of tropical cyclones","authors":"Yi Dai, M. Torn, I. N. Williams, W. Collins","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-22-0214.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-22-0214.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The effects of longwave radiation on tropical cyclone intensification, with an emphasis on the mature stage, are explored in an idealized modeling framework. Results show that although the cloud-radiative effect aids in early intensification of the vortex, it does not promote increase in the maximum tangential wind (Vmax) and could even reduce Vmax at the mature stage. At later stages, maximum radiative heating is located outside the eyewall and promotes convection there, and the secondary circulation encourages convergence of absolute angular momentum outside the eyewall instead of near the eyewall region, based on a budget analysis. Clear-sky radiative cooling helps invigorate domain-wide convection, also limiting the Vmax increase at later stages. The area-averaged frozen moist static energy (FMSE) variance increases even though Vmax decreases. In this sense, the FMSE variance is similar to the monotonically-growing integrated kinetic energy, and is more indicative of the system-scale strength than of Vmax. Sensitivity experiments are performed with random initial perturbations and varied initial soundings. An axisymmetric model with a 10-member ensemble not only confirms the results from three-dimensional simulations, but also demonstrates that the weak radiative heating outside the eyewall is indeed able to slow down Vmax within one day.","PeriodicalId":17231,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42181267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Analytic Model for the Clear-Sky Longwave Feedback 晴空长波反馈的一个分析模型

IF 3.1 3区地球科学

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-22-0178.1

D. Koll, N. Jeevanjee, N. Lutsko

{"title":"An Analytic Model for the Clear-Sky Longwave Feedback","authors":"D. Koll, N. Jeevanjee, N. Lutsko","doi":"10.1175/jas-d-22-0178.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-22-0178.1","url":null,"abstract":"Climate models and observations robustly agree that Earth’s clear-sky longwave feedback has a value of about -2 W m−2 K−1, suggesting that this feedback can be estimated from first principles. In this study, we derive an analytic model for Earth’s clear-sky longwave feedback. Our approach uses a novel spectral decomposition that splits the feedback into four components: a surface Planck feedback, and three atmospheric feedbacks from CO2, H2O, and the H2O continuum. We obtain analytic expressions for each of these terms, and the model can also be framed in terms of Simpson’s Law and deviations therefrom. We validate the model by comparing it against line-by-line radiative transfer calculations across a wide range of climates. Additionally, the model qualitatively matches the spatial feedback maps of a comprehensive climate model. For present-day Earth, our analysis shows that the clear-sky longwave feedback is dominated by the surface in the global mean and in the dry subtropics; meanwhile, atmospheric feedbacks from CO2 and H2O become important in the inner tropics. Together, these results show that a spectral view of Earth’s clear-sky longwave feedback elucidates not only its global-mean magnitude, but also its spatial pattern and its state-dependence across past and future climates.","PeriodicalId":17231,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45920422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5