Journal of the autonomic nervous system最新文献

A5 and A6 Noradrenergic Cell Groups: Implications for Cardiorespiratory Control A5和A6去肾上腺素能细胞组:对心肺控制的影响

Journal of the autonomic nervous system Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79389

M. V. López-González, M. González-García, M. Dawid-Milner

{"title":"A5 and A6 Noradrenergic Cell Groups: Implications for Cardiorespiratory Control","authors":"M. V. López-González, M. González-García, M. Dawid-Milner","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79389","url":null,"abstract":"Central pontine A5 and A6 noradrenergic cell groups are two of the main sources of nor- adrenaline release at the spinal cord, at the level of the superficial dorsal horn, the motoneu ron pools of the ventral horn, lamina X and the thoracic and sacral intermediolateral cell columns. Noradrenergic ascending or descending pathways originating in the A5 or A6 noradrenergic cell groups are highly sensitive to stress and to other high-arousal states. These noradrenergic groups present extensive projections that play a key role in the modulation of all antinociceptive and autonomic responses elicited by painful or threatening situations. Depending on the locations of these projections, different possible roles for each noradrener gic cell groups are suggested. The A6 noradrenergic cell group might have the greatest effect on somatosensory transmission and the A5 group on sympathetic function. Consistent with this, stimulation of central noradrenergic pathways evokes an array of stresslike and anti- nociceptive effects, including changes in blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. In addition, it also produces an increase in excitability, which leads to a high degree of arousal and a potentiation of cortical and subcortical mechanism generating the necessary cognitive, behavioral and autonomic responses to confront these physical or psychological situations.","PeriodicalId":17228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74938690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introductory Chapter: Autonomic Nervous System - What We Know About It 导论章:自主神经系统-我们对它的了解

Journal of the autonomic nervous system Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81026

P. Švorc

引用次数: 2

Development of Human Pancreatic Innervation 人类胰腺神经支配的发展

Journal of the autonomic nervous system Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77089

A. Proshchina, Y. Krivova, O. Leonova, V. Barabanov, S. Saveliev

{"title":"Development of Human Pancreatic Innervation","authors":"A. Proshchina, Y. Krivova, O. Leonova, V. Barabanov, S. Saveliev","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77089","url":null,"abstract":"Human pancreatic innervation is of particular interest due to its possible role in the pathogenesis of such diseases as diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Despite the clinical importance, data concerning pancreatic innervation during human ontogeny and in various disorders are very limited. In this chapter, we present a review on human pancreatic autonomic innervation on the basis of the literature data and our previous results. Special attention is paid to the innervation of the endocrine pancreas. Gradual branching of neural network was seen during human pancreatic development. Innervation of the foetal pancreas is more abundant than in adults. In agreement with previous observations, we have revealed a close integration and similarity between endocrine cells and nervous elements in the developing human pancreas. Moreover, simultaneous interactions between the nervous system components, epithelial cells and endocrine cells were detected in the pancreas during prenatal human development. It has been suggested that pancreatic innervation plays an important role not only in regulation of endocrine and exocrine activity but also in normal islet morphogenesis. study was performed on a collection of pancreatic autopsies, which allows us to explore the features of intrapancreatic innervation directly in humans using a variety of methods: classical histology; immunohistochemistry; light, fluorescent and confocal microscopy; morpho-and stereometry; statistical analysis; 3D histology; and computer reconstruction. The study was performed on 50 pancreatic autopsies of foetuses from the 10th to 40th gestational week (g.w.). Foetal pancreatic autopsies were divided into four groups according to the classifica","PeriodicalId":17228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78122736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Inflammation and Autonomic Function 炎症和自主神经功能

Journal of the autonomic nervous system Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79280

Â. Leal, Mafalda Carvalho, I. Rocha, H. Mota-Filipe

引用次数: 6

Autonomic Nervous System and Neurocardiac Physiopathology 自主神经系统和神经心脏生理病理学

Journal of the autonomic nervous system Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77087

J. Kingma, Denys Simard, J. Rouleau

{"title":"Autonomic Nervous System and Neurocardiac Physiopathology","authors":"J. Kingma, Denys Simard, J. Rouleau","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77087","url":null,"abstract":"The autonomic nervous system regulates multiple physiological functions; how distinct neurons in peripheral autonomic and intrathoracic ganglia communicate remains to be established. Increasing focus is being paid to functionality of the neurocardiac axis and crosstalk between the intrinsic nervous system and diverse organ systems. Current find ings indicate that progression of cardiovascular disease comprises peripheral and central aspects of the cardiac nervous system hierarchy. Indeed, autonomic neuronal dysfunction is known to participate in arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death; diverse interventions (pharmacological, non-pharmacological) that affect neuronal remodeling in the heart following injury caused by cardiovascular disease (congestive heart failure, etc.) or acute myocardial infarction are being investigated. Herein we examine recent findings from clinical and animal studies on the role of the intrinsic cardiac nervous sys - tem on regulation of myocardial perfusion and the consequences of cardiac injury. We also discuss different interventions that target the autonomic nervous system, stimulate neuronal remodeling and adaptation, and thereby optimize patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":17228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79781473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Regulation of Dendritogenesis in Sympathetic Neurons 交感神经元树突发生的调控

Journal of the autonomic nervous system Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80480

V. Chandrasekaran, P. Lein

{"title":"Regulation of Dendritogenesis in Sympathetic Neurons","authors":"V. Chandrasekaran, P. Lein","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80480","url":null,"abstract":"In postganglionic sympathetic neurons, the size of the dendritic arbor determines pre- synaptic convergence, which correlates with tonic activity, and aberrant dendritic morphology is associated with disease. There is, therefore, great interest in understanding how dendritic morphology is regulated in these neurons. Early studies established a role for target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) in regulating the size of the dendritic arbor of sympathetic neurons in vivo . However, in vitro studies revealed that even in the presence of optimal concentrations of NGF, rat sympathetic neurons cultured in the absence of serum or non-neuronal cells survive and elaborate extensive axonal arbors, but fail to form dendrites. Subsequently, it was discovered that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) trigger cultured sympathetic neurons to extend a dendritic arbor comparable to that of their in vivo counterparts. The goals of this chapter are to: (i) summarize these early experiments; (ii) discuss evidence substantiating a role for BMPs in glial-induced dendritic growth in vitro and regulation of dendritic growth in vivo ; (iii) review what is known about the molecular mechanisms by which NGF, BMPs and other factors influ - ence dendritic arborization of sympathetic neurons; and (iv) identify key data gaps in understanding of how dendrites are regulated in sympathetic neurons. neuronal reactive","PeriodicalId":17228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84557016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The novel heteromeric bivalent ligand SB9 potently antagonizes P2Y1 receptor-mediated responses 新型异聚二价配体SB9能有效拮抗P2Y1受体介导的反应

Journal of the autonomic nervous system Pub Date : 2000-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00135-1

Günter Lambrecht , Matthias Ganso , Hans G Bäumert , Gerhard Spatz-Kümbel , Caren Hildebrandt , Kirsten Braun , Ernst Mutschler

{"title":"The novel heteromeric bivalent ligand SB9 potently antagonizes P2Y1 receptor-mediated responses","authors":"Günter Lambrecht , Matthias Ganso , Hans G Bäumert , Gerhard Spatz-Kümbel , Caren Hildebrandt , Kirsten Braun , Ernst Mutschler","doi":"10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00135-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00135-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Effects of 6-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)iminocarbonyl-1,3-(4-methylphenylene)iminocarbonyl-1,3-phenylene-azo]-pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (SB9), a heterodimeric bivalent ligand consisting of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate and the suramin monomer, were studied on contractions of the rat vas deferens elicited by αβ-methylene ATP (αβmeATP; mediated by P2X1-like receptors), contractions of the guinea-pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle elicited by adenosine 5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (ADPβS; mediated by P2Y1-like receptors), and the degradation of ATP by ecto-nucleotidases in folliculated Xenopus laevis oocytes. SB9 (0.1–10 μM) antagonized contractile responses produced by αβmeATP or ADPβS in a concentration-dependent manner. Schild analysis yielded linear regression lines of unit slope, indicating competitive antagonism. From the rightward shifts of the agonist concentration–response curves pA2 values of 6.05±0.13 (vas deferens) and 6.98±0.07 (ileum) were derived. In both preparations, SB9 behaved as a slow onset, slow offset antagonist. Incubation of three oocytes in the presence of ATP produced an increase in inorganic phosphate (Pi) over a 30-min period, which amounted to 35.1±1.9 μM Pi from 100 μM ATP. SB9 (10–1000 μM) reduced this degradation (pIC50=4.33±0.10). The results illustrate that SB9 is a high-affinity P2Y1 receptor antagonist with a remarkable selectivity for P2Y1 vs. P2X1 receptors (about 10-fold) and ecto-nucleotidases (447-fold). These properties make it unique among the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate and suramin derivatives reported to date.</div>","PeriodicalId":17228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"81 1","pages":"Pages 171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00135-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21712503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

P2 receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems modulating sympathetic vasomotor tone 中枢和外周神经系统中的P2受体调节交感血管舒缩张力

Journal of the autonomic nervous system Pub Date : 2000-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00139-9

Vera Ralevic

{"title":"P2 receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems modulating sympathetic vasomotor tone","authors":"Vera Ralevic","doi":"10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00139-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00139-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Arterial pressure depends on the level of activity of sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow to blood vessels. This activity is generated in the central nervous system, and involves inputs from a variety of brain regions projecting to sympathetic preganglionic neurones. Of especial interest are a group of neurones in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), as they have been demonstrated to have a fundamental role in reflex regulation of the cardiovascular system, and in generation of tonic drive to sympathetic outflow. Sympathetic outflow to blood vessels is additionally modulated at sympathetic ganglia, and at the peripheral terminals of sympathetic nerves. This review considers the role of P2 purine receptors in this neural pathway. Ionotropic P2X receptors are expressed in the RVLM, in sympathetic ganglia, and at the sympathetic neuromuscular junction, and mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission, indicating a general role for ATP as a regulator of sympathetic vasomotor tone. P2Y receptors couple to G proteins and mediate slower signalling to ATP; they have been reported to inhibit prejunctionally neurotransmission at the peripheral terminals of sympathetic nerves, but little is known about their possible role in the central nervous system and in sympathetic ganglia.</div>","PeriodicalId":17228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"81 1","pages":"Pages 205-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00139-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21712508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Dr. Jekyll/Mr. Hyde: the dual role of extracellular ATP 杰基尔博士/先生。海德:细胞外ATP的双重作用

Journal of the autonomic nervous system Pub Date : 2000-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00114-4

Francesco Di Virgilio

引用次数: 89

Types of neurons in the enteric nervous system 肠神经系统中神经元的种类

Journal of the autonomic nervous system Pub Date : 2000-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00127-2

J.B Furness

{"title":"Types of neurons in the enteric nervous system","authors":"J.B Furness","doi":"10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00127-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00127-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>This paper, written for the symposium in honour of more than 40 years’ contribution to autonomic research by Professor Geoffrey Burnstock, highlights the progress made in understanding the organisation of the enteric nervous system over this time. Forty years ago, the prevailing view was that the neurons within the gut wall were post-ganglionic neurons of parasympathetic pathways. This view was replaced as evidence accrued that the neurons are part of the enteric nervous system and are involved in reflex and integrative activities that can occur even in the absence of neuronal influence from extrinsic sources. Work in Burnstock’s laboratory led to the discovery of intrinsic inhibitory neurons with then novel pharmacology of transmission, and precipitated investigation of neuron types in the enteric nervous system. All the types of neurons in the enteric nervous system of the small intestine of the guinea-pig have now been identified in terms of their morphologies, projections, primary neurotransmitters and physiological identification. In this region there are 14 functionally defined neuron types, each with a characteristic combination of morphological, neurochemical and biophysical properties. The nerve circuits underlying effects on motility, blood flow and secretion that are mediated through the enteric nervous system are constructed from these neurons. The circuits for simple motility reflexes are now known, and progress has been made in analysing those involved in local control of blood flow and transmucosal fluid movement in the small intestine.</div>","PeriodicalId":17228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"81 1","pages":"Pages 87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0165-1838(00)00127-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21712658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 732