Christian Vitale, Vincenzo Sciancalepore, A. Asadi, V. Mancuso
{"title":"Two-level opportunistic spectrum management for green 5G Radio Access Networks","authors":"Christian Vitale, Vincenzo Sciancalepore, A. Asadi, V. Mancuso","doi":"10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387383","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we pioneer a novel mechanism that jointly enforces intra-cell and inter-cell resource allocation for future green 5G networks. Our proposal, namely TOMRAN, efficiently coordinates the activity of base stations in small dense cell deployments by means of the ABSF standard tool for inter-cell interference coordination. Additionally, TOMRAN applies intra-cell offloading of the cellular traffic through resource-limited outband D2D relay communications, using, e.g., 802.11-based connectivity. We take advantage of this tailwind to show that our approach offers significant performance gain while imposing minor network protocol modifications. Indeed, through an exhaustive simulation campaign, we prove that outband D2D relay communications not only reduce the complexity of interference coordination operations, but also greatly boost the energy efficiency of future green 5G networks.","PeriodicalId":171886,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125074127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy efficient content delivery in service provider networks with content caching","authors":"Nadeem Abji, A. Tizghadam, A. Leon-Garcia","doi":"10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387374","url":null,"abstract":"We study the impact of video on demand content delivery on service provider networks focusing on the interplay between Internet service provider (ISP) owned and over-the-top (OTT) content catalogs. We utilize an Integer Linear Program to show that the delivery of OTT content consumes significantly more energy than ISP content, which can be cached freely in the network. Retrieving OTT content from designated network peering points increases congestion in links surrounding the peering node. We demonstrate how ISPs offering competing VoD services can reduce energy consumption as well as network congestion and improve the quality of service delivery. Finally, we show how a caching arrangement between the ISP and OTT provider that allows the ISP to cache OTT content can also address these concerns.","PeriodicalId":171886,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127163604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Musumeci, Ali Hmaity, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina
{"title":"Energy efficiency in reliable optical core networks","authors":"F. Musumeci, Ali Hmaity, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina","doi":"10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387370","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous growth of the Internet in the last decade has contributed to an unprecedented increase of the total amount of energy consumed by telecommunication networks worldwide. In this context, Wavelengths Division Multiplexed networks, besides providing benefits in terms of high transport capacity, have been recognized as an effective solution to achieve substantial power savings in core transport networks, which are the focus of our work. One critical issue for telecom operators is network resilience to failures. When provisioning network capacity, operators need to reserve additional (backup) resources, to be used in case of failures of currently used (i.e., working) resources. However, backup network resources do not need necessarily to be powered-on when not used. In fact some network services may have looser requirements in terms of connection recovery time, and they can be put into a low-power sleep (i.e., idle) state in order to save energy. Furthermore, according to the specific Quality of Service (QoS) to be guaranteed to the users, a different level of protection (i.e., dedicated/shared) or even no protection can be implemented for different demands, so energy consumption can be further reduced. In this paper, we provide an Integer Linear Program formulation for the power-minimized design of resilient optical core networks to investigate on the power saving obtained by enabling three power-reduction strategies: i) setting protection devices into low-power sleep state, ii) differentiating the level of protection provided to traffic demands according to their required QoS, and iii) adapting the devices (i.e. transmitting/receiving equipment) usage to a realistic hourly traffic variation profile. We find that up to 25% of power savings can be obtained in case of peak-hour traffic, while this advantage increases up to 63% during off-peak hours. Considering the energy consumption over a whole day, up to 44% of energy savings can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":171886,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)","volume":"344 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134160121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Out-of-band radiation: Opportunities for antenna-based RF energy harvesting in wireless devices?","authors":"Sean Rocke","doi":"10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387379","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper opportunities for wireless devices to harvest out-of-band RF energy are explored. Emerging multi-standard wireless communications devices such as mobile handsets currently include multiple antennas and multiple transceiver systems. Typical device usage leverages a subset of available antenna and transceiver systems at any given time. Additionally, receiver chains in use typically filter out-of-band energies to improve communications system performance. These out-of-band energies can be collected in multi-antenna and single-antenna systems or simpler devices such as wireless sensor nodes. In this paper, opportunities for harvesting out-of-band energy are investigated. Investigations use both data collected from an extensive measurement campaign spanning 88-2686MHz across 4 mid-sized US cities as well as simulations to provide insights into the opportunities for RF energy harvesting. An architecture is proposed using a 3-port out-of-band RF harvester to enable opportunistic capture of ambient RF energy. The proposed approach is demonstrated via simulation using a planar inverted-F antenna with feed line coupled to a split ring resonator, for harvesting out-of-band energy. Results indicate that potentially significant proportions of ambient energy remain untapped and can be harvested using the proposed approach. This work provides valuable insight into the design space for harvesting out-of-band RF energy.","PeriodicalId":171886,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129139424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electromagnetic emission-aware scheduling for the uplink of coordinated OFDM wireless systems","authors":"Y. Sambo, F. Héliot, M. Imran","doi":"10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387377","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for data and multimedia services, as well as the ubiquitous nature of the current generation of mobile devices have resulted in continuous network upgrades to support an ever-increasing number of users. However, given that wireless communication systems operate on radiofrequency waves, the health effects of electromagnetic (EM) emission from these systems are increasingly becoming a concern. In order to address these concerns, we propose in this paper, an EM emission reduction scheme for the uplink of OFDM wireless systems with base station coordination. We formulate the EM reduction scheme as a convex optimization problem and solve it by iteratively allocating bits to users on their respective subcarriers in each sector. This is based on the assumption that the scheduler can predict the channel state information of all the users for a given transmission window. Simulation results show that, with coordination, our proposed scheme reduces EM emission by over 85% and 99% when compared with a no frequency reuse scheme and an energy efficiency based scheme, respectively.","PeriodicalId":171886,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131855589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal EE-delay relation in wireless systems","authors":"Changyang She, Chenyang Yang","doi":"10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387376","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely accepted that a tradeoff exists between transmit power and average delay. In this paper, we consider wireless systems transmitting randomly arrived traffic over fading channels with statistical quality-of-service requirement, characterized by a delay bound and a delay bound violation probability. We study the relation between the maximal energy efficiency (EE) and the delay bound with given delay violation probability. We prove that the EE-delay tradeoff vanishes if the average total power consumption, including transmit and circuit powers of the base station, linearly increases with the average service/transmission rate. By taking massive multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) system as an example, we show that if the required total power consumption is a linear function of the service rate, the maximal EE is independent of the delay bound. If the required total power is strictly convex in the service rate, then the EE can be improved by extending the delay.","PeriodicalId":171886,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129915645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving energy efficiency of Ethernet switching with modular Cuckoo hashing","authors":"P. Reviriego, S. Pontarelli, Gil Levy","doi":"10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387371","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, energy efficiency has become an important design goal for routers, switches and other networking equipment. Traditionally, the energy consumption of these devices has been almost constant regardless of the traffic load and the device configuration. In computer networks, traffic loads typically present large variations and in many cases the links operate most of the time at low/medium loads. Therefore significant energy savings can be obtained by making energy consumption proportional to the traffic load. The same applies to the switch configuration that determines the processing done to incoming packets. In most cases, the settings are far from the worst case. This means again that by adapting the power consumption to the configuration settings substantial savings can be achieved. The importance of configuration and packet processing is poised to grow with the adoption of Software Defined Networking. Therefore improving its energy efficiency is important. In this paper, a step is made in this direction by introducing modular Cuckoo hashing an implementation of Cuckoo hashing that adapts its energy consumption as a function of the number of entries. Cuckoo hashing is commonly used in networking equipment to implement packet matching against a set of stored entries. The proposed scheme varies the number of hash tables used as a function of the number of entries thus enabling to power down memories and save energy. Modular Cuckoo hashing is evaluated by simulation and the estimated benefits in terms of power consumption are reported. The results show how modular Cuckoo hashing can make the energy consumption adapt to the number of entries. The practical benefits are also illustrated with a case study of data center switches. This is just an example but makes a strong case to develop more general energy efficient packet processing functions that adapt their power consumption to the configuration settings.","PeriodicalId":171886,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127291170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Connectivity in IoT indoor lighting systems with visible light communications","authors":"K. Warmerdam, A. Pandharipande, D. Caicedo","doi":"10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387378","url":null,"abstract":"An Internet of Things (IoT) indoor lighting system that consists of multiple luminaires with an IP address, sensors and controllers is considered. The sensors provide sensing information for controlling artificial lighting system and additionally serve as a data source for other building systems and services. In this paper, we consider visible light communication (VLC) among sensors and luminaires for providing connectivity across these elements. Such connectivity enables data access via the luminaires that have a unique IP address. To enable connected applications such as lighting control and device positioning, we propose methods for estimating the optical channel gains and daylight contribution. Analytical results on packet error rate of VLC communication and estimation performance are obtained and verified with simulations and experiments in an office lighting testbed.","PeriodicalId":171886,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115774016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingjing Fei, Hui Wu, Wenguang Zheng, Yongxin Wang
{"title":"Lifetime-aware data collection in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Jingjing Fei, Hui Wu, Wenguang Zheng, Yongxin Wang","doi":"10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2015.7387375","url":null,"abstract":"In WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks), sensor nodes are typically battery powered. As a result, network lifetime becomes a major optimization objective in the design of a WSN. We investigate the problem of lifetime-aware data collection in a WSN with only one base station. We propose an efficient distributed algorithm for constructing a routing DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph), namely, R-DAG, for data collection. Our algorithm makes use of a shortest path DAG and adds sibling edges to balance the loads of the base station's children, prolonging the network lifetime. The simulation results show that the R-DAG significantly outperforms the shortest path DAG. For the 60 instances of WSNs generated by using Cooja simulator, the average improvement and the maximum improvement in network lifetime achieved by the R-DAG over the shortest path DAG are 42% and 99.5%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":171886,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126877631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controlling Data Aggregation and communication periodicity in Energy Harvesting networks","authors":"Andre Riker, E. Cerqueira, M. Curado, E. Monteiro","doi":"10.1109/ONLINEGREENCOM.2015.7387382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ONLINEGREENCOM.2015.7387382","url":null,"abstract":"Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication is an emerging paradigm for the next generation of sensing and actuating systems. Energy harvesting technologies applied in sensor and actuator devices must be considered by the communication solutions in order to achieve energy-efficient M2M communication. This paper addresses the problem of regulating the energy consumption in accordance with the harvested energy. Thus, it proposes Data Aggregation and communication Periodicity control for Energy Harvesting (DAPEH), a solution that controls the network energy consumption adjusting the Data Aggregation level and the periodicity of the communication. Data Aggregation allows DAPEH to control the amount of traffic sent over the network, while the communication periodicity enables the regulation of data production. The evaluation of the proposed solution uses real measurements of solar harvested energy and shows how the network can increase or decrease the energy consumption to avoid under and overuse of energy.","PeriodicalId":171886,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116970011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}