Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics最新文献

{"title":"The Use of Fresh Osteoarticular Allografts for Steroid-induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Condyle With Collapse in Childhood Cancer Patients: Single-institutional Experience.","authors":"Michael D Neel, Sandra W Murphy, Sue C Kaste, Brian M Defeo, Seth E Karol, Patrick B Klug, Mary B Houston, Kenneth S Weiss","doi":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002873","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite success in treating childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma (ALL), modern multiagent chemotherapy regimens containing high-dose corticosteroids can result in osteonecrosis afflicting survivors, frequently involving the knee. Thus, we describe the usage of fresh osteoarticular allograft (FOAG) to treat steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle in pediatric cancer survivors. We assessed the efficacy of FOAGs to heal necrotic bone, provide long-term pain relief, while retrospectively reviewing quality of life and functional status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recorded patient demographics, pain, and functional scores preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the most recent follow-up, additional surgical procedures, and radiographic outcomes at each timepoint. Anatomic locations and sizes of the grafts were noted using operative reports and intraoperative photographs. Function and pain scores were collected by direct patient communication or through survey, with data scored using the KOOS (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System), and CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) scoring tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen patients, (12 females) over a period of 8 years, underwent the procedure. One patient was excluded due to death before 12 months follow-up. The average age at diagnosis of femoral condyle osteonecrosis was 14.5 years. The average age at the time of surgery was 18.5 years (range, 13 to 25 y). All patients had at least 16 months follow-up (average 60 mo; range 16 to 99 mo). Grafts ranged in size from 18 to 27.5 mm. All patients reported a return to normal function of the knees with KOOS scores approaching normal, PROMIS scores averaging 46, and CTCAE outcomes improving at an average of 34 months post-surgery. Two patients experienced a partial graft failure, which was repaired with new allografts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although historical reviews indicated unsatisfactory results, our experience highlights the successful usage of FOAG for the management of patients treated for childhood leukemia who develop steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle. This procedure proved effective in managing pain and improving function and quality of life, with good bone ingrowth despite large necrotic lesions.</p><p><strong>Levels of evidence: </strong>Therapeutic Level IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":16945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e358-e365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should Femoral Nerve Blocks and Adductor Canal Blocks Be Used in Pediatric or Adolescent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Prushoth Vivekanantha, Bryan Sun, Sachin Tapasvi, Isabella Jaramillo, Yuichi Hoshino, Darren de Sa","doi":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002886","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Achieving adequate pain control is vital for proper rehabilitation, satisfaction, and earlier discharge after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Opioids have traditionally been used for this purpose, however, can be associated with various negative outcomes. As such, multimodal analgesia was introduced to reduce postoperative opioid use. Regional nerve blocks constitute one modality of multimodal analgesia, with femoral nerve blocks (FNBs) and adductor canal blocks (ACBs) being standard. This review sought to evaluate the utility and adverse effects of FNBs and ACBs relative to controls, alternative regional anesthesia options, and each other in pediatric or adolescent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three databases were searched on January 31, 2024. The authors adhered to the PRISMA and R-AMSTAR guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The definition of pediatric was considered to be a mean age of 18 years or younger. Data on demographics, operative and anesthetic details, strength and functional outcomes, postoperative opioid consumption, revision rates and return to sport (RTS) rates, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies (1 level I, 10 level III) comprising 5453 patients were included in this review (54.1% female), with a mean age of 16.3 (range of means: 15.0 to 16.9) years. Two studies compared FNB with and without a sciatic-nerve block (SNB), finding lower opioid consumption ( P =0.007) and VAS scores ( P <0.0001) in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) in the FNB + SNB group. Three studies compared FNB or ACB with controls, with no studies reporting a benefit in rates of RTS, isokinetic quadriceps or hamstrings strength, or functional test performance. There were minimal differences when comparing continuous and single nerve blocks and FNB with ACB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is inconclusive evidence investigating the role of FNB and ACB in pediatric or adolescent ACLR. The addition of a SNB to FNB may result in improvements in opioid consumption and VAS scores in the early postoperative period. There was minimal evidence in support of continuous blocks over single-shot blocks. Future studies should compare the use of ACB, FNB, and no blocks for pediatric or adolescent ACLR, with primary endpoints of acute pain control, postoperative opioid use, and the presence of longer-term motor deficits.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III.</p>","PeriodicalId":16945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics","volume":" ","pages":"e301-e309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction of Ankle Malalignment in Severe Fibular Hemimelia.","authors":"Milud Shadi, Piotr Janusz, Tomasz Kotwicki","doi":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002876","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management of ankle joint deformity and instability are challenging issues in congenital fibular hemimelia (FH). This study aims to assess how much the SUPERankle procedure improves ankle alignment and provides durable ankle stability in patients with severe FH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen children aged 53.4±44.1 months with severe form of FH, equinovalgus foot deformation, ankle instability, and tibial curvature (Paley type IIIC), affecting 19 limbs, underwent the SUPERankle procedure. Foot and ankle position was evaluated clinically and radiologically before surgery, immediately after, and at follow-up of 63.0±19.7 months. Mechanical lateral distal tibial angle (mLDTA), tibiocalcaneal angle (mTCA), and tibiocalcaneal distance (mTCD) were measured on the AP radiograms, while the anterior distal tibial angle (mADTA) and lateral tibiocalcaneal angle (mLTCA) were measured on the lateral radiograms. Recurrences, additional procedures, and complications were documented based on medical records. Quality of life was evaluated with Limb Deformity-SRS questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On clinical examination, the normal tibia and ankle alignment, along with a plantigrade foot were achieved in all limbs after the first surgery. In 11 limbs (58%) this result was maintained at follow-up. Due to recurrence, additional procedures were necessary to provide durable ankle alignment in 7 limbs (37%), while in 1 limb (5%) the ankle joint remained in equinus at the last follow-up. Significant improvement of radiologic alignment was found in all parameters (preoperative vs. postoperative vs. FU) as follows-mLDTA: 71.4±11.2 versus 88.7±5.6 versus 88.1±2.7 degrees, P =0.0001; mTCA: 41.4±14.9 versus 8.7±8.4 versus 11.6±8.9 degrees, P =0.0001; mTCD: 22.3±7.9 versus 4.0±3.6 versus 7.7±6.5 mm, P =0.0001; mADTA: 99.5±19.4 versus 82.3±4.2 versus 81.5±5.9 degrees, P =0.0002; mLTCA: 116.7±23.9 versus 95.8±11.7 versus 93.5±15.1 degrees, P =0.0002. The mean follow-up LD-SRS score was 4.03.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children with severe fibular hemimelia, the SUPERankle procedure provided clinically and radiologically fully corrected ankle joint and plantigrade foot, suitable for further lengthening procedure. The 40% rate of deformity recurrence was managed with additional surgical intervention to achieve a good clinical, radiologic, and functional outcome in 95% of children at 5-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":16945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics","volume":" ","pages":"e366-e377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Postoperative Strength Progression and Outcomes Following Primary Versus Secondary ACL Reconstruction in the Young Athlete.","authors":"Brian T Ford, Adam P Weaver, Annabelle Davey, Joel W Mayo, Matthew E Shuman, Benjamin C Mayo, Emil Coman, Allison E Crepeau","doi":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002901","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Return to sport testing after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is becoming increasingly popular. Anecdotally, some believe that patients who undergo a second ACL surgery on either the ipsilateral or contralateral leg progress through their rehabilitation goals faster the second time through. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of strength progression in return to sport testing after primary and secondary ACLR surgeries in a young, active population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of patients who underwent ACLR between September 2013 and December 2022 was performed. Patients were included if they underwent an ACLR and completed at least 2 postoperative strength tests. Strength testing was commonly performed at 3, 6, and 9 months. Exclusion criteria included age older than 30 and those who had a contralateral graft harvest. Structural equation modeling was performed for each strength assessment by the timepoint it was performed. A linear combination of parameters was performed to compare the path coefficients between the primary and secondary ACL groups for each strength test to assess statistical differences in the rate of change of each strength test over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred ninety-six patients in the primary ACLR group and 50 patients in the secondary ACLR group met the inclusion criteria. Patients who received secondary ACL surgery were older, had a higher percentage of BTB grafts, lateral augments, and internal brace augments. Months from surgery had a significant positive correlation with nearly all strength tests in both groups. There was no difference between primary and secondary surgery in the progression of any postoperative strength test. There was no difference in progression of IKDC or RSI scores between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that patients who undergo a second ACL surgery do not progress their strength faster or slower than after primary ACLR. This implies that these patients do not require different return-to-play protocols from a strength perspective.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Retrospective study, level III evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics","volume":" ","pages":"177-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Idiopathic Lumbar Curves During Growth in Pediatric Patients After Instrumented Isolated Thoracic Fusion.","authors":"Jake H Goldfarb, Edward M Barksdale, Scott J Luhmann, Brian A Kelly, Kirsten Brouillet, Simon Y Tang, Blake K Montgomery","doi":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Isolated thoracic fusion (ITF) for idiopathic scoliosis preserves lumbar segment motion but risks lumbar curve progression. This study examined if Lenke classification, residual disc wedging, or tilting at the lowest instrumented vertebrae (LIV) are associated with lumbar curve progression or adding-on after ITF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of idiopathic scoliosis patients aged 8 to 12 years treated with primary ITF was conducted. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis, LIV T10-L1, and ≥2 years of postoperative follow-up. Growth, Lenke classification, lumbar magnitude, angle of disc wedging below the LIV, and LIV tilt were assessed preoperatively, at 6 weeks postoperative, and at final follow-up. Standard descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA were performed, with significance set at P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-seven patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (2 to 12 y). At surgery, 67% (38 patients) were Risser 0. There was no significant lumbar curve increase from the first (24 degrees±12) to the final follow-up (22 degrees±14, P=0.21). Patients with a lumbar curve ≥30 degrees at first follow-up (n=16) also showed no increase in curve magnitude (40 degrees±8 at first follow-up vs. 37 degrees±17 at final follow-up, P=0.47). Disc wedging ≥5 degrees and LIV tilt ≥5 degrees were not associated with lumbar curve progression (29 degrees±14 at first follow-up vs. 28 degrees±17 at final follow-up for disc wedging, P=0.52; and 30 degrees±12 at first follow-up vs. 27 degrees±16 at final follow-up for LIV tilt, P=0.28) or adding-on. Lenke classification was not associated with lumbar curve progression. However, Lenke 3 and 4 patients had larger curves immediately after surgery and final lumbar curves ≥45 degrees. Of 9 Lenke 3 and 4 patients, 3 had lumbar curves ≥45 degrees at the final follow-up. No Lenke 1 or 2 patients (0 out of 41) had lumbar curves ≥45 degrees at the final follow-up (P<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In pediatric ITF patients, disc wedging and LIV tilt were not associated with adding-on or lumbar curve progression.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III.</p>","PeriodicalId":16945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Risk Factors for Steroid-associated Osteonecrosis in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature.","authors":"Taylor Johnson, Hiba Naz, Vanessa Taylor, Saima Farook, Grady Hofmann, Kathryn Harbacheck, Nicole S Pham, Stephanie M Smith, Karen Chao, Tzielan Lee, Stuart Goodman, Kevin Shea","doi":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002919","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Steroid-associated osteonecrosis in pediatric patients with inflammatory and oncologic disease is an uncommon yet debilitating condition causing significant functional disability. Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons encounter this population during stages in which surgical intervention may be necessary for joint preservation. Various risk factors for steroid-associated osteonecrosis have been suggested, but a comprehensive systematic review of the literature has not been performed. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate incidence and risk factors for steroid-associated osteonecrosis in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients to help guide clinical decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a systematic review of the literature according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed databases, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials were used to search for studies assessing risk factors for osteonecrosis in patients 0 to 21 years of age with systemic corticosteroid exposure. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of retrieved studies for inclusion. Quality assessment of retrospective and prospective nonrandomized case-control and cohort studies was completed using the MINORS criteria. Outcomes and variables of interest included reported incidence and demographic, clinical, radiographic, and genetic risk factors for steroid-associated osteonecrosis. Reported statistics were deemed significant if P &lt;0.05. Due to heterogeneous and limited reporting, data were not combined in a meta-analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The literature search revealed 895 articles and 37 articles were included. Of the included studies, 47% were retrospective cohort studies, and 39% were prospective cohort studies. There were 3 randomized controlled trials included. of the included studies, 95% were conducted in patients with leukemia and/or lymphoma. The overall prevalence of steroid-associated osteonecrosis ranged from 1% to 39%. Osteonecrosis was diagnosed with a mean or median of 1 to 2 years after the start of steroid therapy, and the most frequently involved joints were knees, followed by hips. Age older than 10 years, female gender, greater body mass index, and white and non-Hispanic race were the most reported risk factors for steroid-associated osteonecrosis. Core decompression was a frequent operative treatment with variable improvement in outcomes. For pediatric leukemia patients, those stratified as High risk and Intermediate risk were at the greatest risk for steroid-associated osteonecrosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review summarizes specific risk factors and demographics of steroid-associated osteonecrosis and helps lay the foundation for future studies to delineate the causal role of risk factors and guides clinical decision-making for current an","PeriodicalId":16945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Parental Reports in Assessing Idiopathic Toe Walking Using Quantitative In-Shoe Device Measurements.","authors":"Logan Morrison, Susan Sienko, Mark McMulkin, Bruce MacWilliams, Jon Davids, Paige Lemhouse, Jeremy Bauer","doi":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toe walking is prevalent among children, affecting 5% to 24% of the pediatric population. Clinicians rely on parental reports of frequency of toe walking to guide clinical decision making and outcomes assessment. However, recall accuracy and differing environments challenge the reliability of parental reports. This study aims to validate parental reports against quantitative in-shoe device measurements (NURVV/RUN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty children with persistent idiopathic toe walking (ITWp) (mean age: 9.6y; 13 males, 7 females) from 8 pediatric orthopaedic specialty care sites participated in this multicenter study. Parents assessed toe walking frequency using a 6-point scale, while children wore NURVV/RUN insoles for 8 hours/day over 7 days. Insole sensors recorded foot strike patterns (rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot), which were classified using the same severity scale. Agreement between parental reports and NURVV data was assessed using weighted Kappa statistics (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before intervention, children with ITWp exhibited daily walking patterns: 61.7% forefoot, 15.3% midfoot, and 22.8% hindfoot contact. Agreement analysis showed substantial agreement (k=0.688, P<0.001) for combined forefoot and midfoot contacts and fair agreement (k=0.381, P<0.005) for isolated forefoot contact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parental reports of toe walking prevalence in their children are relatively accurate, supporting their use in clinical management. However, quantitative in-shoe devices provide a more objective and quantitative understanding of ITWp frequency and have the potential to guide clinical decision-making and outcomes assessment children with ITWp.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level II-diagnostic study. See instructions to authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar Return-to-Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With or Without Meniscal Repair in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Prospective, Comparative Cohort Study.","authors":"Győző Lehoczky, Clara Flumian, Jerome Sales de Gauzy, Franck Accadbled","doi":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in skeletally immature patients is still controversially debated, with several gaps in its literature. More information is needed about the role of concomitant meniscal injuries in postoperative outcomes and return to pre-injury sports level (RTS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty skeletally immature patients who underwent ACLR were enrolled prospectively: 21 had meniscal injury additionally, and 29 did not. Patients were assessed with Tegner, Lysholm, Pedi-IKDC, and subjective knee value (SKV) scores presurgery and 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was RTS at 24 months. Secondary outcomes were the 24-month clinical results and the mapping of prognostic factors to RTS in the meniscal injury group. Logistic regression model to estimate OR [95% CI], t test for parametric and Wilcoxon test for nonparametric variables (comparisons of 2 independent groups) were used, as well as t test or Wilcoxon test for paired data, according to the distribution of differences (postoperative-preoperative, paired groups) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 50 patients with a mean age of 13.2 years (range 9 to 16), the meniscal injury group had 67% RTS (12/18), and the isolated ACLR group had 75% RTS (18/24) after 24 months, which was not statistically significant, OR=0.67 [0.17 to 2.60], P=0.6. 24-month Lysholm scores were significantly higher in the isolated ACLR group (medians, 95.5 vs. 100.0, P=0.01). There was no significant difference between the groups of Tegner scores, Pedi-IKDC and SKV. No prognostic factors were found for worse RTS after meniscal injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is no difference in RTS 24 months after ACLR with or without meniscal injury in the skeletally immature patient.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level of evidence I-prospective, comparative cohort study.</p>","PeriodicalId":16945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Hip Clearance in Residual Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease.","authors":"Luke G Johnson, Honglin Zhang, Benjamin Joseph, Emily K Schaeffer, Kishore Mulpuri, David R Wilson","doi":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mechanical environment in the hip in people with residual Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) deformity is still poorly understood. Anterior impingement is thought to contribute to poor long-term outcomes such as early-onset osteoarthritis, but it has not been measured directly using imaging in high flexion. Our objective in this study was to determine the association between radiographic morphologic scores of LCPD deformity and reduced anterior hip clearance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured the anterior clearance (β-angle) of 20 LCPD-affected hips (17 patients) scanned in 4 functional postures using an upright open MRI scanner. Mixed effects models were used to describe the relationship between β, posture, and morphologic measures of deformity (Stulberg classification and Sphericity Deviation Score).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hip β-angle was significantly associated with posture (P<0.001). Aspherical (Stulberg III to V) hips had lower β across all postures compared with spherical (Stulberg I to II) hips (difference in β = -39.1 degrees; 95% CI: -71.9 to -6.2 degrees; P=0.020). An increased SDS was strongly associated with reduced β in neutral hip postures (P=0.002, 0.005, respectively), but not with elevated adduction and internal rotation. Due to morphologic heterogeneity, 6 hips (out of 20 overall) did not fit the overall trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results show an association between more severe radiographic deformity and a greater potential for anterior impingement, a known contributor to cartilage degradation. However, the large proportion of cases where morphologic deformity does not align with functional clearance suggests current radiographic measures of deformity may not be sufficient to predict long-term outcomes in every LCPD patient.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>(1) Hip joint asphericity in LCPD is associated with less anterior clearance and a greater potential for anterior impingement in high flexion postures. (2) Considering both morphologic and functional parameters may improve our understanding of the causes of pain and early-onset osteoarthritisin LCPD, as opposed to morphology alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-Epiphyseal Versus Micheli-Kocher Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alexander Zakharia, Fares Al Katanani, Ahmed Hatem, Saihaj Dhillon, Prushoth Vivekanantha, Dan Cohen, Darren de Sa","doi":"10.1097/BPO.0000000000002953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early physeal-sparing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is considered the optimal treatment method in the skeletally immature population to preserve the integrity of the knee joint while reducing the risk of growth disturbances and angular deformities. Contemporary treatment algorithms recommend the use of all-epiphyseal (AE) or Micheli-Kocher (MK) ACLR techniques in patients with considerable growth remaining. Nevertheless, no research exists comparing the 2 techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comprehensively compare postoperative outcomes and complication profiles following AE and MK ACLR in skeletally immature patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of Embase, Medline, and PubMed was conducted from inception to April 30, 2024. All studies reporting outcomes and/or complications following AE or MK ACLR were included. Screening and data abstraction were designed in accordance with PRISMA and R-AMSTAR guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine studies with 1177 patients were included. AE ACLR and MK ACLR yielded similar results for rates of return to preinjury level of activity (91.8% and 93.4%, respectively), negative pivot-shift (93.9% and 95.2%, respectively) and Lachman test grades (93.9% and 90.8%, respectively), IKDC subjective scores (94.0 and 93.6, respectively), ROM flexion (144.1 degrees and 136.3 degrees, respectively) and hyperextension (2.5 degrees and 3.1 degrees, respectively). AE ACLR yielded a greater risk of growth disturbances, angular deformities, and graft failures (1.5%, 1.3%, and 10.6%, respectively) but a lower risk of contralateral ACL tears (4.2%) relative to MK ACLR (0.0%, 0.0%, 6.6%, and 6.6%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both AE and MK ACLR yield promising rates of RTS, substantially limit anteroposterior laxity, surpass IKDC thresholds for substantial clinical benefit, and regain fully functional ROM to comparable levels, though they yield marginally different complication profiles. However, the majority of the included studies were moderate-quality or low-quality evidence with high statistical heterogeneity. Therefore, no statistical conclusions regarding the differences in complication profiles can be drawn. Future randomized controlled trials or large prospective cohort studies should compare the efficacy and complication profile of QT autograft AE ACLR relative to MK ACLR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}