Scientiae StudiaPub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200002
Andrew Feenberg
{"title":"Simondon e o construtivismo: uma contribuição recursiva à teoria da concretização","authors":"Andrew Feenberg","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200002","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that Gilbert Simondon's theory of concretization is useful for both science and technology studies (STS) and political theory. By \"concretization\" Simondon means the process of multiplying the functions served by the structures of a device. He gives the example of the air cooled engine which combines cooling and containment in a single structure, the engine case. Concretization contrasts with \"abstract\" designs that add structures for each function, complicating the device and reducing its efficiency. According to Simondon the normal evolution of technologies can be traced in successive concretizations. The aim of this paper is to concretize in a single conceptual framework the functionally distinct notions of \"concretization\" in Simondon and \"actors\" in STS. The combination has important political applications. It shows how apparently contradictory demands can be reconciled through innovation. For example, we are often told that adding new environmental functions to existing technologies will trade off ideology for efficiency. Instead, the new framework opens a perspective on the radical transformation of technology required by ecological modernization and sustainability. In so doing, it suggests a way of reconstructing the Frankfurt School's \"rational critique of reason\" and Marcuse's notion of \"technological rationality\".","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121556146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientiae StudiaPub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200008
J. Barrientos-Parra
{"title":"Revisitando o pensamento de Jacques Ellul na sociedade do século XXI","authors":"J. Barrientos-Parra","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200008","url":null,"abstract":"Universidade Estadual de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias e Letras de Araraquara Departamento de Administracao Publica","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132853046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientiae StudiaPub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200003
Ivan Domingues
{"title":"Simondon, a cibernética e a mecanologia","authors":"Ivan Domingues","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200003","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to clarify the relationship between cybernetics and mechanology in Simondon's work, considering his two doctoral theses and the interview he gave in 1968 to Jean Le Moyne, at the request of the Quebec Film Office in Canada. In this interview the use of \"mechanology\" is predominant, in contrast with the theses, where it suffers from competition with terms such as \"allagmatics\" and \"organology\", leaving the term \"cybernetics\" in the shade. Cybernetics is celebrated in France in 1962, in the context of the famous Royaumont Colloquia, when Norbert Wiener was honored and cybernetics occupies the whole scene, with Simondon's active participation in the event organization, This situation leads experts to question the fate of the word \"cybernetics\" in his work, in the case the second cybernetics was at stake, instead of the first one, but that only came to light later. More than a subject of historiographical interest, the article aims to evoke an epistemic interest in the philosophy of technology. The challenge is to shed light on a question that still remains obscure: the relationships among technology, engineering and science.","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"306 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124282422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientiae StudiaPub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200004
W. Lopes
{"title":"Gilbert Simondon e uma filosofia biológica da técnica","authors":"W. Lopes","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200004","url":null,"abstract":"The present article aims to show the meaning of the biological philosophy of technique in Gilbert Simondon. This concept puts into action a reading of the French philosopher's philosophy of technique as a regional ontology within his ontogenetic general ontology, which in that particular scheme is based on an organic model. We will elaborate this to show that the individuation of technical objects, their concretization marked by their functional overdetermination, forces us to think of them in its organicity and from a general organology. Moreover, the concepts of adaptation and associated environment also contribute as biological aspects that accompany Simondon's conception of the mode of existence of technical beings. As a result, we will see that the more concrete and adapted the technical object is - in the series of its specific evolution - the more it comes closer to the proper biological individuality. This approximation will not have, however, the meaning of a complete assimilation between the technical (especially the machinical) and the organic. In the vital self-production, Simondon demonstrates that there always remains something beyond the machinical, namely, the idea of an absolute vital source of technical objects as a \"guided mutation\". We will show that such a source is not merely human, but also extends to other spheres of the vital domain.","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128538710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientiae StudiaPub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200011
Rodolfo Franco Puttini
{"title":"Ética, conhecimento e vida","authors":"Rodolfo Franco Puttini","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200011","url":null,"abstract":"Universidade Estadual de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Saude Publica","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128417648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientiae StudiaPub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200005
V. Safatle
{"title":"Uma certa latitude: Georges Canguilhem, biopolítica e vida como errância","authors":"V. Safatle","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200005","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article aims to discuss the possibility of a bio-political approach that wouldn't be just the description of disciplinary mechanisms of bodies' administration and the calculating administration of life, but that could provide the ground for a social criticism of contemporary capitalism. This bio-political approach is derived from Georges Canguilhem's vitalism with its discussions about vital normativity, the relationship between normal and pathological and the characteristic errancy of vital activity. At the end, we will see how the inner process of the concept of life could appear as a major strategy for the reorientation of critical thought and a theory on the concept of norms.","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122015916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientiae StudiaPub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200010
M. Camolezi
{"title":"Sobre o conceito de invenção em Gilbert Simondon","authors":"M. Camolezi","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129859346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientiae StudiaPub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200007
B. Moura, Cibelle Celestino Silva
{"title":"Voltaire e Algarotti: divulgadores da óptica de Newton na Europa do século XVIII","authors":"B. Moura, Cibelle Celestino Silva","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200007","url":null,"abstract":"ResumoNo inicio do seculo xviii, Isaac Newton publicou seu principal trabalho sobre optica, o Opticks (Optica). Impregnado por uma perspectiva indutiva, o livro logo se tornou a principal referencia para os estudos sobre a luz e as cores, sendo amplamente popularizado pelos seguidores de Newton. Neste artigo, analisamos como dois importantes livros contribuiram para essa popularizacao e tambem qual era a imagem de ciencia que tencionavam propagar, o Elements de la philosophie de Newton (Elementos da filosofia de Newton) de Voltaire e o Newtonianismo per le dame (Newtonianismo para as damas) de Algarotti. Sera possivel perceber que ambos os autores distorceram o conteudo do livro de Newton, no intuito de propagar uma imagem idealizada das ideias newtonianas e da propria filosofia natural.","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126085810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientiae StudiaPub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200012
María Alexandra Vásquez Valencia
{"title":"La biopolítica de los sufrimientos psíquicos","authors":"María Alexandra Vásquez Valencia","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200012","url":null,"abstract":"En el ano 2012, la editorial Fiocruz publico la version original en portugues del libro Loucos e degenerados. Uma genealogia da psiquiatria ampliada (reimpresa en 2014) de la investigadora y filosofa Sandra Caponi, version que fue nominada en 2013 al premio Jabuti – uno de los mas relevantes y tradicionales premios del libro en Brasil – en la categoria “psicologia e psicoanalisis”. Esta obra que ha ido adquiriendo gran reconocimiento entre profesionales e investigadores latinoamericanos, especialmente brasilenos (cf. Rebelo, 2013; Santos, 2013; Martinez, 2013), dedicados al estudio de la historia de las ciencias, la medicina, la salud mental y la psiquiatria, ahora puede ser consultada en idioma espanol, gracias a la reciente edicion de Lugar Editorial de Argentina. Y sera esa edicion en espanol que aqui se citara y referira. Durante los anos 1960 y 1970, comienza a desarrollarse una serie de criticas sobre la forma como la psiquiatria ejerce su poder en las poblaciones. Esas criticas provienen no solo de investigadores de las ciencias sociales y humanas, sino tambien de algunos psiquiatras, muchos de ellos interesados en evidenciar el internamiento forzado y las pesimas condiciones de vida de las personas diagnosticadas como enfermos mentales, asi como la falta de validez del diagnostico psiquiatrico (cf. Goffman, 1974; Foucault, 1961, 1963; Cooper, 1968; Laing, 1961; Basaglia, 1987; Rosen, 1974; Szasz, 1973). A las criticas dirigidas a las instituciones manicomiales, la lucha por la desinstitucionalizacion del tratamiento de las alteraciones mentales, la medicalizacion forzada y la critica al modelo medico, se suman un conjunto de cambios sociopoliticos, scientiae zudia, Sao Paulo, v. 13, n. 2, p. 459-69, 2015","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124398203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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