Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute最新文献

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA","authors":"","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3222","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess neurological complications in children presenting with Plasmodium vivax malaria at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Peshawar.Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in the Pediatric Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from April 2021 to September 2021. A total of 183 patients were enrolled using convenient sampling from outpatient department with high grade fever, nausea, diarrhea, and headache, duly confirmed for Plasmodium vivax mono-infection microscopically. A pre-designed performa was used to extract information regarding demographics, laboratory investigations, and neurological complications. SPSS (version 21.0) was used to check the statistics.Results: Out of 183 cases 71.6% were male. The mean age of the patients was 6.44±2.46 years, while mean weight was 12.76±4.56 kg. In mean duration of disease, it was recorded to be as 6.14±2.18 days. The laboratory investigations showed, low level of hemoglobin and platelets count in 38.8% and 42.2% respectively. Neurological complications were detected in 15.8% of children and were non significantly associated with gender, age group and duration of disease (stratified), and was significantly associated with the stratification of hemoglobin, hematocrit levels and platelets count.Conclusion: A less frequent number children reported to have neurological complications when diagnosed with P. vivax. Furthermore, these complications are associated significantly with the stratification of hemoglobin, hematocrit levels and platelets count.","PeriodicalId":16878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN YOUTH: MEDIATING ROLE OF BODY DYSMORPHIC SYMPTOMS","authors":"","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3111","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find out the frequency of body dysmorphic disorder in youth and to investigate the mediating role of body dysmorphic disorder between social anxiety and depression in youth.Methodology: This cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted at the Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat between July and August 2020. The sample consisted of 200 participants between the ages of 19 and 24, who were conveniently recruited from the Hafiz Hayat Campus and Mandi Bahuddin Campus of the University of Gujrat. The data was collected using a locally developed Body Dysmorphic Disorder Scale, a Structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview for Depression, and an Urdu-translated version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. The data was analyzed using frequency distributions, percentages, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients using SPSS 24. Finally, a path analysis was performed using a structural equation model in AMOS 24.Results: The study revealed that 41.5% of the young participants showed a mild to moderate frequency of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). A significant positive correlation was found between BDD and both depression (r= .26, p<0.01) and social anxiety (r= .41, p<0.01). Additionally, the results showed that BDD significantly mediated the relationship between depression and social anxiety among youth, with a beta coefficient of 0.03 (p < 0.01).Conclusion: BDD is 41.5% prevalent in youth with a complete and partial mediating role in their display of social anxiety and depression, highlighting the importance of screening practices to be carried out in health settings for timely intervention application and management.","PeriodicalId":16878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF ANTENATAL CORTICOSTEROIDS ON MATERNAL BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS","authors":"","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3224","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the effect of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal blood glucose levels.Methodology: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Ethical Review Board. All patients admitted to the labor suite for antenatal corticosteroids were included in the study, while patients with diabetes or any other medical disorder requiring corticosteroids were excluded. Patients were selected using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. They were given two doses of Betamethasone (12mg) intramuscularly, with a 24-hour interval between doses. Maternal blood sugar levels were checked before administering the first dose of Betamethasone. Subsequently, patients were placed on a sugar profile for five days. All the data were entered in a pre-designed proforma. Results: A total of 247 patients were included in the study. The majority of the patients were multigravida (50.20%) and belonged to the age group of 21-30 (50.20%). The mean age of the patients was 26.4 ± 2.3 years. The majority of the patients (72.46%) had deranged blood sugar levels, either falling within the range of impaired glucose levels or full-blown diabetes. Antenatal corticosteroids mainly affected fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post-prandial blood sugar levels.Conclusion: Antenatal corticosteroids administered to normoglycemic patients result in significant but transient hyperglycemia. However, in the majority of patients, blood sugar levels normalize within five days following the administration of corticosteroid doses.","PeriodicalId":16878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHATBOTS, GENERATIVE AI, AND SCHOLARLY MANUSCRIPTS WAME RECOMMENDATIONS ON CHATBOTS AND GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RELATION TO SCHOLARLY PUBLICATIONS","authors":"","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3284","url":null,"abstract":"This statement revises our earlier “WAME Recommendations on ChatGPT and Chatbots in Relation to Scholarly Publications” (January 20, 2023). The revision reflects the proliferation of chatbots and their expanding use in scholarly publishing over the last few months, as well as emerging concerns regarding lack of authenticity of content when using chatbots. These Recommendations are intended to inform editors and help them develop policies for the use of chatbots in papers published in their journals. They aim to help authors and reviewers understand how best to attribute the use of chatbots in their work, and to address the need for all journal editors to have access to manuscript screening tools. In this rapidly evolving field, we will continue to modify these recommendations as the software and its applications develop. A chatbot is a tool “[d]riven by [artificial intelligence], automated rules, natural-language processing (NLP), and machine learning (ML)…[to] process data to deliver responses to requests of all kinds.” (1) Artificial intelligence (AI) is “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.” (2) “Generative modeling is an artificial intelligence technique that generates synthetic artifacts by analyzing training examples; learning their patterns and distribution; and then creating realistic facsimiles. Generative AI (GAI) uses generative modeling and advances in deep learning (DL) to produce diverse content at scale by utilizing existing media such as text, graphics, audio, and video.” (3, 4) Chatbots are activated by a plain-language instruction, or “prompt,” provided by the user. They generate responses using statistical and probability-based language models. (5) This output has some characteristic properties. It is usually linguistically accurate and fluent but, to date, it is often compromised in various ways. For example, chatbot output currently carries the risk of including biases, distortions, irrelevancies, misrepresentations, and plagiarism – many of which are caused by the algorithms governing its generation and heavily dependent on the contents of the materials used in its training. Consequently, there are concerns about the effects of chatbots on knowledge creation and dissemination – including their potential to spread and amplify mis- and disinformation (6) – and their broader impact on jobs and the economy, as well as the health of individuals and populations. New legal issues have also arisen in connection with chatbots and generative AI. (7) Chatbots retain the information supplied to them, including content and prompts, and may use this information in future responses. (8) Therefore, scholarly content that is generated or edited using AI would be retained and as a result, could potentially appear in future responses, further increasing the risk of inadvertent plagiarism on the part of the user and any future users of the technology. Anyone","PeriodicalId":16878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACCURACY OF ULTRASOUND COMPARED TO CLINICAL ESTIMATE OF ESTIMATED FETAL WEIGHT","authors":"","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3227","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate accuracy of ultrasonography with clinical examination in assessing fetal weight with birth weight in actual considering as the gold standard.Methodology: From January to July 2022, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, conducted a study comparing Leopold's procedures and ultrasonic review for estimating fetal weight. Actual birth weight served as the gold standard. Data was collected from women starting at 34 weeks of gestational age. Neonatal outcomes and maternal demographic data were noted. Comparison metrics included overall absolute error, overall absolute percent error, and percent errors greater than 10% and 20%. Results highlighted the accuracy of both methods in estimating fetal weight.Results: A total of 377 pregnant women with singleton term pregnancies were recruited for study with average gestational age 3of 8+4 weeks gestation including 65.7% primiparous women, 34.3% women were obese and 11.3% had gestational diabetes with 2.9% huge for gestational age infants. Statistical analysis revealed that a significant difference was noted for estimation of weights in favor of ultrasonic measures for all error estimation groups.Conclusion: Ultrasound has significantly better accuracy in estimation of fetal weight as compared to clinical examination in pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":16878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RISK EVALUATION OF THROMBO-EMBOLISM DURING STROKE IN ASIAN PATIENTS: NEED FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS","authors":"","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3232","url":null,"abstract":"Venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) is one of the serious complications in stroke patients. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are warranted to mitigate morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological evidence available so far favours much lower risk of VTE among Asians. Pharmacological management against VTE is highly effective but it is expensive and increases the chances of bleeding. Can the antithrombotic treatment be recommended as a prophylaxis against VTE among Asian population or we have cheaper, effective, and safer options available? Nonpharmacological treatment to prevent the incidence of VTE include graduated compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compressions and early mobilization. Putting these options into action without pharmacological treatment may prove sufficient and effective without risking the patients to suffer from bleeding complications, particularly in cases where the severity of illness and chances of VTE are low. In such cases, non-pharmacological prophylaxis may prove more cost effective. This will improve the quality of care in regions where most of the healthcare expenses are managed through out-of-pocket spending.","PeriodicalId":16878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION TAKING LOW-DOSE SACUBITRIL-VALSARTAN","authors":"","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3220","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To examine the impact of administering low-dose sacubitril-valsartan on the quality of health in individuals suffering from heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.Methodology: It is a prospective, cohort study comprising n=77 heart failure patients from a Tertiary Care Hospital with low ejection fraction. An FDA-approved KCCQ questionnaire was used for data collection at admission and after a 6-week follow-up. Descriptive statistics were reported in terms of percentage and mean± Std. dev. For mean comparison paired t-test was used. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 77 patients, 28 (36.4%) were women and 49 (63.6%) were men. The study included participants with an average age of 60.05±11.80 years. Among the participants, 68.8% had hypertension and 51.9% had diabetes. 29.9% of the patients included had an EF of 30%, 49.3% had it between 31-39%, and 20.8% had an EF of 40%. Regarding classification by New York Heart Association (NYHA), before initiating Sacubitril/Valsartan, around 84.4% of patients were categorized as class 3, while 15.6% as class 4. Six weeks after therapy 79.2% of patients improved to functional class 2 and 20.8% to class 3. Statistical analysis revealed a significant differencein Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores of heart failure patients when comparing scores prior to and after receiving treatment of sacubitril/valsartan, 24/26mg BID.Conclusion: The study showed that patients with heart failure having a low ejection fraction experienced an improvement in quality of life as judged by KCCQ scores even while using sacubitril-valsartan at a low dose.","PeriodicalId":16878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF RESTING TONGUE POSTURE ON MANDIBULAR ARCH WIDTH AND VERTICAL DIMENSIONS OF FACE","authors":"","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3160","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the influence of tongue posture on the arch width of the mandible and the facial proportions in the vertical dimension. Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out utilizing lateral cephalograms and dental molds from 120 participants (45 males, 75 females). The participants were classified into three categories based on the di­mensions of their vertical facial structure: Normodivergent, Hyperdivergent, and Hypodivergent. The posture of the tongue was ascertained by measuring the distance from the tongue to the palate using the technique introduced by Graber and colleagues. The widths of the mandibular dental arches were assessed using the study molds. Dif­ferences among the groups were evaluated using one-way ANOVA. Relationships between mandibular arch widths and six distinct tongue-to-palate measurements were investigated using Pearson's correlation. A p-value of< 0.05 was deemed to indicate a statistically significant result. Results: The comparison of the tongue to palate distances (D1, D2, and D3) at 0, 30, and 60 degrees among study groups showed statistically nonsignificant differences, however, the tongue to palate distances (D4, D5, and D6) showed statistically significant differences amongst all groups. Statistically significant differences were found in intercanine and intermolar width among the three study groups. The correlation of tongue posture with mandibular intercanine width and intermolar width at all six tongue-to-palate distances was weak. Conclusion: In hyperdivergent patients, the tongue posture was lower as compared to hypodivergent and norm divergent patients, especially at the mid-dorsum, anterior dorsum, and tongue tip regions. A weak correlation was found between mandibular arch width and tongue posture.","PeriodicalId":16878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LIVED EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN WITH HIRSUTISM: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL INQUIRY","authors":"","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3184","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to explore women’s perception about their excessive body hair growth. Methodology: After getting permission from Ethical Review Committee (ERC) this study was conducted at different hospitals and clinics of Lahore from July 2019 to June 2020 by employing exploratory qualitative method. Using purposive sampling, eight unmarried women with age range of 18-30 years were interviewed through semi-structured interview schedule. Interviews were analysed using an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis that involved a comprehensive review of the women's lived experiences and generated themes. Results: The finding revealed that the overall attitude of women is disappointed and they spend their life with a personality that is not acceptable for them or unwanted. They were suffering from emotional instability in their lives to please interpersonal relationships with others. Some women reported that physical problems (i.e., hormonal imbalance) have impaired their life internally and externally that caused hirsutism. Further, social interaction of women was found limited. Conclusion: Hirsutism intensely influences women’s experiences of their bodies in a negative way, and deeply affects their idea about themselves, self-esteem, social interaction, sleep and daily life activities.","PeriodicalId":16878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF BILE DUCT INJURIES AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY: A RETROSPECTIVE SINGLE-CENTER STUDY","authors":"","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.2.3127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.2.3127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89277214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}