Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Environmental Factors on Crop Diseases Development","authors":"B. Pokhrel","doi":"10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.553","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental factors are triggering simultaneous effects on the disease incidence and severity of crop diseases in agriculture. These both aspects are affected by various environmental factors viz. temperature, soil moisture, humidity, light, soil properties (pH and nutrients) and atmospheric carbon dioxide. The effect of environmental constraints on host and pathogen has positive, negative or neutral effects on crop disease incidence. Sometimes sole factor is responsible for profused disease incidence. On the other hand, interaction of various environmental factors causes huge intensity of diseases. Crop disease is the result of three way interaction between susceptible host, virulent pathogen and favourable environment. Elevated CO2 concentration and increased temperature influence the plant disease interaction. This review article focuses the relationship between various environmental factors and crop diseases and their role in increasing or decreasing the disease severity.","PeriodicalId":16845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81511435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Individual Components of Disease Triangle in Disease Development: A Review","authors":"Alina Pokhrel","doi":"10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.573","url":null,"abstract":"Food security has become an important issue at present world. It is estimated that, on a global scale, pathogens and pests are reducing crop yields for five major food crops namely, rice, wheat, maize, soybean and potato by 10 to 40 percent. Mitigating the losses due to plant diseases will obviously help in meeting the growing demand for quality food production. For this, all the factors affecting disease development must be understood clearly and appropriate management strategies must be followed. This review discusses these three major factors; host, pathogen and environment. Temperature, light, relative humidity/moisture are important aerial and edaphic environmental factors that are considered to have major impact on disease development. Development of resistant cultivars and suppressing virulence factors in pathogens are critical to disease control.","PeriodicalId":16845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82655045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Report on Plant-Microbe Interactions for Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Sowmya Vennam","doi":"10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.577","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89117836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Methods in Plant Pathology","authors":"J. Mark","doi":"10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81571933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Common Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye.) of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Using Resistant Varieties and Bactericidal Chemicals in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"N. Hailu, Hailu Tontosha","doi":"10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.533","url":null,"abstract":"Common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli is a major disease of common bean affecting its production in southern Ethiopia. This study was conducted to determine the effect of variety, seed treatment and foliar spraying frequencies of bactericide on disease severity, yield and yield components of common bean. Field research was conducted at Hawassa agricultural research center during 2017/18 main cropping season using Hawassa dumme and Mexican-142 varieties. Streptomycin seed treatment was integrated with Kocide-101 foliar spraying frequency at the rate of 2.31 kg ha-1 at two, three and four week’s intervals. The design was randomized complete block design arranged in factorial with three replications. Due to the effect of variety, severity was reduced by 17.2% and the mean seed yield was increased by 18% over Mexican 142. Seed treatment reduced disease severity by 10.7% and increased yield by 24.2% as compared with other untreated control. Two week interval spraying reduced severity upto 31.8% and increased yield upto 42.3% over untreated control. Integration of variety and seed treatment with two week interval foliar sprays gave higher marginal benefit and higher marginal rate of return.","PeriodicalId":16845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85864029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence Diversity and Physiological Race Composition of Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Gizachew Hirpa Regasa, N. Hei","doi":"10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.555","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat stem rust (black rust) is one of the most important airborne diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici remains a constraint to the world’s wheat production. Because of the sudden changes in stem rust race patterns, commercial varieties tend to become vulnerable globally at large and particularly in Ethiopia. It was responsible to cause 6.2 million metric tonnes per year or higher losses under severe epidemics at global level. Therefore, this study was initiated to identify the physiological races and virulence diversity of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Tigray region. Race identification through inoculation of stem rust isolates, multiplication of single-pustule of the pathogen and race designation by inoculating on a set of wheat differential lines were done in the greenhouse. Forty-seven stem rust isolates were analyzed on the twenty stem rust differentials and resulted in the identification of six races namely; TTTTF, TKTTF, TRTTF, TTRTF, RRTTF and TKPTF. In this study, race TTRTF was detected for the first time in Ethiopia during 2017 cropping season. Out of the six races identified, TTTTF was detected from 25 (53.19%) isolates and TKTTF from 15 (31.91%) isolates. The most virulent race that made 18 stem rust resistant genes non-effective was TTTTF, which virulent on 90% of stem rust resistance genes. Differential hosts carrying Sr24 and Sr31 were effective genes which confers resistance to all of the races identified. Hence, the stem rust resistance gene Sr24 and Sr31 can be used as sources of resistance in the wheat breeding program.","PeriodicalId":16845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology","volume":"142 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78679358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial on Resistance of Grapevine varieties to Crown Gall Disease","authors":"K. Suresh","doi":"10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.540","url":null,"abstract":"Grapevine is one of the most seasoned and most monetarily organic product crops. Grapes are a rich wellspring of nutrients A, C, B6, just as fundamental minerals, like potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium and selenium. Crown nerve illness (Agrobacterium vitis) is a prudent sickness in most plant yards. Since the bacterium stays in soil for quite a while control of Agrobacterium is troublesome. Utilization of safe rootstocks is the best techniques for control of soil-borne microbes, particularly this bacterium. In this investigation, the response of the eight grape assortments (Shahani, Askari, Rish baba, Sefid-e-yaghuti, Qazvin Sefid-e-Keshmeshi, Qazvin Ghermez-e-Keshmeshi, Mehre and Rotabi) to crown nerve was examined. In the primary trial, the established cuttings of various assortments immunized in four areas with 20 ml of 108 cfu A. vitis and distillated water were looked at as factorial test in a totally randomized plan with four replications in green house. In the subsequent set, immunizations were made by adding 40 ml of the suspension of two strains of microscopic organisms (with a similar focus) around the root. Assessments were made by development and pathogenicity lists following five months. The callus arrangement on shoots was additionally concentrated in MS medium with and without bacterium. The outcomes demonstrated that no assortments were resistant to crown nerve. Examination of change and mean correlations of development, physiological and pathogenicity files showed the huge decrease in dry and wet load of shoots and photosynthetic colors in Shahni, sefid-e-yaquti and Rotabi. The dissolvable carb and anthocyanin likewise expanded in these assortments. The most noteworthy corruption, callus and nerve development were seen in Sefid-e-Yaghuti. It very well may be presumed that the Shahani, Rotabi and Sefid-e-Yaghuti assortments are generally vulnerable to causal specialist of crown nerve. Shahani, Yaghuti and Rotabi are most touchy assortments to crown nerve specialist. Rootstock protection from crown nerve might be significant in forestalling section of soil A. vitis in to helpless scions. In any case, different variables are presumably includes in the advancement of deliberate diseases. Additionally freeze injury is a significant factor in fundamental A. vitis improvement in the field, and utilization of obstruction rootstock to Freezing is a compelling method to control of this dieses. At the point when safe rootstocks structure nerves, populaces of A. vitis in the nodal tissues stay a lot of lower than in helpless and this may influence the degree of endophytic colonization. Nonetheless, it is significance to take note of that high populaces of A. vitis can make due at immunized destinations of both crown nerve safe and defenseless vitis rootstocks for over a year without actuating noticeable crown nerve indications.","PeriodicalId":16845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84980524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Climate on Plant Diseases","authors":"Sophie J. Brown","doi":"10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.576","url":null,"abstract":"Plant infections can have pulverizing economic, social or potentially environmental outcomes on a worldwide scale. Not exclusively do many plant sicknesses endure for quite a long time, yet in addition new ones keep on arising around the world. Assessments of direct creation misfortunes for the major horticultural harvests by biotic pressure have been projected to be around 20% to 40%. Along with related backhanded misfortunes in crop quality and attractiveness, plant illnesses are generally viewed as quite possibly the most considerable obstructions to accomplishing worldwide food security despite the rising human populace in the 21st century. For plant researchers, a worldwide test is the way to accelerate the comprehension of the atomic, epidemiological and natural bases of plant infections and grow genuinely successful and durable answers for forestalling, decreasing, or dealing with the absolutemost obliterating plant sicknesses confronting present day farming today and in future.","PeriodicalId":16845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82269863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Major Wheat Diseases on Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) In The Central Highland Part of Ethiopia","authors":"Yitagesu Tadesse, Asela Kesho, Dereje Amare","doi":"10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.560","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat rusts and Septoria tritici blotch are among the most important constraints in wheat production in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to study the geographical distribution of major wheat diseases such as stem rust, yellow rust, leaf rust & STB in central highland parts of Ethiopia and determine the reaction of wheat cultivars to wheat rusts in the country during 2020 cropping season. A total of 48 wheat fields were surveyed in major wheat growing areas of Oromia & Amhara Regions of South West Shewa, West Shewa & North shewa zones. Septoria tritici blotch and yellow rust were the most widely distributed disease in the surveyed fields with a prevalence percentage of 100 & 68.5% respectively. The overall mean incidence values for Septoria tritici blotch, yellow rust, stem rust and leaf rust were 73.32, 26.9, 15.7 and 0.12%, respectively. Likewise, the overall mean severities were 22.6, 9.8, 8.6 and 0.01%, respectively in the same order. The incidences and severities of wheat rusts varied among wheat varieties in the season. Most varieties showed moderately susceptible to susceptible responses against yellow rust and stem rust populations. The predominance of susceptible varieties can be an important recipe for the development of rust epidemics in Ethiopia. The present findings confirmed the importance of Septoria tritici blotch, yellow rust and stem rust in Ethiopia. Hence, continuous supply of resistance varieties is needed to avoid wheat disease epidemics in the country.","PeriodicalId":16845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78570655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Plant Extracts effect on Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"K. Suresh","doi":"10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.539","url":null,"abstract":"An in-vitro analyze The point of the examination was to test the impact of some plant concentrates and manufactured fungicides on the spiral development restraint of certain organisms secluded from rice plant materials inspected from rice developing territories of South Eastern Nigeria. These pathogenic parasites cause genuine yield just as financial misfortunes in rice creation in the area. The medicines were organized in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three imitates. The test was directed utilizing both water and liquor concentrates of test plants and the manufactured fungicides (Benomyl and Apron in addition to). These were tried on the outspread development of three contagious microbes to be specific; Fusarium moniliforme . The 3 mm plate of each test organism was set in the focal point of 9 cm Petri dish containing 10, 15, 25% of the plant separate blended completely in a liquid PDA. The rough aqeous concentrate of Azadiractha indica the most Aqeous","PeriodicalId":16845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83710074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}