Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection最新文献

{"title":"Field effectiveness of some essential oil emulsions against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (GENN.) that infest potato plants in Egypt","authors":"Trandil F. Wahba, Enas Adel Abd-Elatef, Mona N. Wahba","doi":"10.1007/s41348-024-00944-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00944-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>, nymphs and sucking sap adults, is one of the most damaging pests of potato, <i>Solanum tuberosum</i>. Excessive use of pesticides causes environmental pollution and the death of beneficial insects, so it is necessary to search for safer controlling alternatives. An experiment was carried out during seasons 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, under field conditions in Egypt. The objective of this study was to identify the main constituent compounds of peppermint and eucalyptus essential oils prepare coarse emulsion (CE) and nanoemulsion (NE) of both peppermint and eucalyptus essential oils and evaluate their efficiency against the whitefly, <i>B. tabaci</i>, in potato cultivars and the effect of these emulsions on the chemical components of potato leaves. The results revealed that the toxicity of the emulsions decreased with increasing time after spraying. The second spray which took place at a 10-day interval was more effective than the first spray. During the season of 2021, three days following the second spray, the tested emulsions' toxicity was highly effective. The reduction percentages of nymph for peppermint coarse emulsion (PCE), peppermint nanoemulsion (PNE), eucalyptus coarse emulsion (ECE), eucalyptus nanoemulsion (ENE) and imidacloprid were 82.64, 84.14, 73.26, 72.72 and 89.03, but they were 78.58, 83.27, 77.85, 69.97 and 89.26 compared with 2022. A moderately positive correlation was identified between temperature, specific humidity, wind speed and the effectiveness of the emulsions. This indicates that higher levels of temperature, humidity and wind speed were associated with increased efficacy of the emulsions. The study of the phytochemicals (total soluble protein, total carbohydrate, total phenolic contents and peroxidase activity). PCE and ECE achieved a slight decrease in protein levels. Also, ECE increased total plant carbohydrates. All treatments did not affect the phenolic compounds of potato leaf plants except ENE, which caused an increase in phenolic compounds. All treatments decreased the nitrogen plants' contents, while PCE, PNE, and ENE increased the potassium content. All treatments increase the activity of peroxidase (POX) compared with untreated plants. The formulations PNE and ENE might be an interesting alternative for integrated pest management of <i>B. tabaci</i> nymphs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical dynamics during development of insect-induced plant galls: a review","authors":"Preeti Mishra, Parmila Saini, Vidya Patni","doi":"10.1007/s41348-024-00931-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00931-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insect-induced galls are regulated outgrowths of plant tissues that result from unique and mutual interactions between host plants and gall-inducing insects. The insects, mainly belonging to the orders Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, and Diptera, induce gall formation through activities such as oviposition, feeding, secretions, and chewing. These activities trigger morphogenetic and physiological factors, leading to the development of distinct forms of galls. It is noteworthy that about 90% of gall-inducing insects exhibit host specificity. This review investigates the biochemical and metabolic changes that occur when plants and insects interact. These insects use enzymes such as polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, cellulase, and proteinase present in their saliva to assist in breaking down the plant's cuticle and cell wall during the infestation. This process disrupts the subcellular environment, resulting in a chemical shock at the infestation sites. Stressful conditions stimulate the generation of action potential in plants, activating channels and causing faster depolarization of the plasma membrane. Additionally, under stress, plants may generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to an oxidative burst at sites of infection. ROS triggers necrosis through a hypersensitive response. Gall-inducing insects disrupt the normal metabolism of host plants, resulting in a series of biochemical changes and metabolic imbalances. These changes promote the formation of new plant tissues, which require the production of plant growth hormones and ultimately alter the host plant's phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":16838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptoms and disease virulence assessment in commercial pepper cultivars caused by Pepper chat fruit viroid","authors":"Thitichat Keyata, Samabhorn Sinhabandhu, Kanungnit Reanwarakorn","doi":"10.1007/s41348-024-00943-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00943-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The symptoms caused by viroids differ, ranging from asymptomatic to mild-or-severe symptoms. Pepper plant symptoms caused by the <i>Pepper chat fruit viroid</i> (PCFVd) are mild compared to those affecting tomato plants; however, there is not much more known of the symptomatology on pepper plants. Symptoms that could be used for disease virulence assessment in pepper plants were elucidated from 31 commercial pepper cultivars belonging to <i>Capsicum annuum</i> and <i>C. frutescens</i> that had been purchased from agricultural shops. The plants were mechanically sap-inoculated at the seedling growth stage and observed weekly for symptom development, with disease virulence evaluations performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post inoculation. Infection of all plants was verified based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, along with visual evidence of growth reduction, including leaf rugosity and leaf size reduction, a narrow canopy of the blocky and elongated fruit shapes for <i>C. annuum</i> and explicit apical stunting with small apical leaves of the elongated fruit type for <i>C</i>. <i>frutescens</i>. The disease virulence assessment was designed based on these symptoms to produce a score with 0–10 disease virulence levels (DVLs). The results showed that the pepper cultivars displayed responses to PCFVd with DVL scores of 1.00–8.00, with no PCFVd transmission being recorded from seeds to seedlings for the 3 test cultivars. This finding indicated that the genetic resources of pepper cultivars against PCFVd were as low as 1.00 DVL. However, the low DVL pepper cultivars could provide an inoculum source to other susceptible plants via mechanical transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":16838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141167040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of long-read PCR amplicon sequencing to study the evolution of resistance to zoxamide, oxathiapiprolin and complex III inhibitors in French Plasmopara viticola field populations","authors":"S. Cherrad, B. Gillet, J. Dellinger, L. Bellaton, P. Roux, C. Hernandez, H. Steva, L. Perrier, S. Vacher, S. Hughes","doi":"10.1007/s41348-024-00939-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00939-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Molecular methods are one of the most effective tools to monitor fungicide resistance. Long-read sequencing is an emerging technology in the field of plant pathology. We developed a PCR-based Oxford Nanopore Technologies amplicon sequencing method allowing the simultaneous detection and quantification of Plasmopara viticola variants conferring fungicide resistance to complex III inhibitors, zoxamide and oxathiapiprolin in the same vineyard population. Analysis of cyt b gene variants in natural <i>P. viticola</i> populations showed that almost all samples (23 out of 24 populations) collected in France contain variants G143A, S34L and/or E203-DE-V204 insertion. In the analysed populations, only cyt b reads with both substitutions S34L and G134A were detected at significant levels, suggesting the selection of resistant strains to both QoI fungicides and ametoctradin. French <i>P. viticola</i> population P36 with low sensitivity to oxathiapiprolin did not contain oxysterol binding protein sequences with both variants G770V and N837I, suggesting the presence of two different genotypes of <i>P. viticola</i> strain in this population. Zoxamide insensitivity associated with <i>β</i>-tubulin variants carrying the C239S substitution was detected in Italian vineyard populations but not in France.</p>","PeriodicalId":16838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of two different experimental environments for resistance screenings for the leafhopper-transmitted wheat dwarf virus in wheat","authors":"Anne-Kathrin Pfrieme, Andreas Stahl, Klaus Pillen, Torsten Will","doi":"10.1007/s41348-024-00929-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00929-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) causes high yield losses in wheat and other cereals and is therefore an important pathogen transmitted by the leafhopper <i>Psammotettix alienus</i>. Climate change will increase infections by insect-transmitted viruses due to the increasing spread of vectors. In the context of integrated pest management, the cultivation of WDV-resistant/tolerant varieties is an effective way of controlling WDV. Evaluation of tolerant/resistant genotypes is based on inoculation with viruliferous leafhoppers and subsequent phenotyping in gauze houses under semi-field conditions. For successful screening, it is important to ensure the uniform and reproducible inoculation of plants. Abiotic conditions, particularly temperature, have a critical influence on inoculation success, and thus, variations in infection rates were observed within and between previous replicates in the field. Furthermore, the leafhopper population reared in the greenhouse has to be reestablished after each infection, which delays the screening process. We addressed these issues by developing an improved inoculation assay in which plants are inoculated in small infection hoods in the greenhouse before being planted out in gauze houses. This procedure allows optimal environmental conditions for WDV infection of test plants and allows the plants with WDV infection to develop under natural environmental conditions for symptom scoring. In addition, the viruliferous leafhoppers were recollected from the test plants after infection, allowing a sustainable use of the insects. The method thus enables more reliable phenotyping by increasing infection success and testing a greater number of genotypes in a shorter time.</p>","PeriodicalId":16838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nearly complete genome sequence of clade B, wheat streak mosaic virus isolate from Türkiye","authors":"Havva Ilbağı, Rick Masonbrink, Wyatt Allen Miller","doi":"10.1007/s41348-024-00942-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00942-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wheat streak mosaic virus is one of the most widespread viruses in cereal crops, causing severe losses and dramatically affecting worldwide wheat production. Currently, four distinct clades of WSMV have been grouped and named: A (Mexico), B (Europe, Asia, Russia, the USA), C (Iran), and D (The USA, Argentina, Brazil, Australia, Canada, Türkiye). In this study, we determined the nearly complete and partial nucleotide sequences of WSMV type B isolates collected from wheat found in the European part of Türkiye using high throughput sequencing. Excluding the poly(A) tail, the genome of isolate S34Edirne (GenBank acc.no. MZ405098) consisted of 9360 nucleotides and contained a single large open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3033 amino acids. The partial sequence of WSMV in wheat isolate (GenBank acc.no. ON364116) is 3348 nt long. The characteristic lack of a GGA (Gly₂₇₆₁) codon within coat protein (CP) of the polyprotein of S34Edirne complete nucleotide sequence is typical for the clade B, WSMV-ΔE isolates, which are widely found throughout the European continent. Sequence comparisons revealed that WSMV Turkish wheat isolate is the most closely related to Czech isolate, with highly similar nucleotide and amino acid identities at 98.83 and 99.13%, respectively. The result of this study indicates that the nearly complete and partial genome sequences of S34Edirne and S34_Edirne24 isolates should be placed into clade B of the European WSMV-ΔE isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cap-snatching mechanism-mediated unveiling of the transcriptional initiation sites of two distinct begomoviruses","authors":"Muhammad Arif","doi":"10.1007/s41348-024-00941-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00941-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Significant economic losses are inflicted by plant viruses, which pose a risk to sustainable agriculture. The proliferation of novel viral diseases is predominantly attributable to factors such as climate change, international trade, and the rapid evolutionary capabilities of viruses. Begomoviruses are a major group of plant-infecting viruses that pose an imminent threat to global agriculture by causing devastating viral diseases in many crop species. The transcriptional start sites (TSSs) of many plant viruses are typically found in the intergenic region (IR), which is the non-coding (NC) area between the viral genes. The promoters play a crucial role in initiating the transcription process by aiding in the recruitment of cellular transcription machinery. The TSSs are precise nucleotide sequences where RNA polymerase initiates the transcription process. The primary objective of this study was to determine the total number of TSSs for two devastating begomoviruses, family: Geminiviridae, <i>Cotton leaf curl Multan virus</i> (CLCuMuV) and <i>Ageratum yellow vein mosaic virus</i> (AYVMV), using the cap-snatching method in conjunction with one heterologous plant virus. These two begomoviruses, along with their infectious clones, were intentionally infected with selected heterologous plant virus in <i>N. benthamiana</i> plants. The identification of the 5′ ends of heterologous viral mRNA was accomplished by employing high-throughput sequencing to assess the capped RNA leaders (CRLs). The determination of the 5′ termini of suspected begomoviral mRNAs was achieved by aligning the collected CRLs of heterologous virus with the genome of each begomovirus, taking into account only those that were a perfect match with the begomoviral genome. In this study, the TSSs of both begomoviruses were identified via complementary approach. The utilization of high-throughput sequencing for both begomoviruses has facilitated the acquisition of millions of sequences. Comprehending the TSSs and promoter components of begomoviruses is crucial for understanding their ability to cause disease, their interactions with host organisms, and for developing effective methods to manage and control the diseases, they inflict on economically significant crop plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141167039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic strategies for sustainable crop protection: harnessing soil solarization and biofumigants to combat damping-off pathogens in Solanaceous vegetable crops","authors":"Shavnam, Harender Raj","doi":"10.1007/s41348-024-00916-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00916-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field experiments were conducted in the summers of 2019 and 2020 to study the effects of soil solarization, biofumigants derived from cauliflower leaves and combinations of those treatments on population densities of soil pathogens <i>Pythium ultimum</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, and <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i> causing damping-off disease in major solanaceous crops. Nylon mesh bags containing mass culture of <i>P. ultimum, F. oxysporum, R. solani</i>, and <i>S. rolfsii</i> were buried underneath the soil at 5 and 10 cm depth. Soil solarization was performed over a 40-day period using thin transparent polythene sheet of 25 µm (100 gauge) thickness. Maximum soil temperatures recorded at depth of 5 cm were 41.8 °C in solarized soil, respectively; this temperature was 5.4 °C higher than in corresponding non-solarized plot. These nylon sieve bags containing culture of the different pathogens were retrieved after 15, 30 and 40 days of solarization and brought to the laboratory to find out the viability of the pathogens. Integration of soil solarization with cauliflower leaves as soil amendment for the period of 40 days at 5 cm soil depth was found most effective in reducing the viability of <i>P. ultimum, F. oxysporum, R. solani</i>, and <i>S. rolfsii</i> to 5.3, 2.6, 4.6, and 3.6% in comparison with 92.6, 77.3, 83.3, and 80.3 in control, respectively. With the increase in the duration of soil solarization from 15 to 40 days, the potential of the pathogens to cause the disease reduced significantly at 5 cm soil depth and incidence of the damping-off reduced from 63.3 to 16.6% in tomato; 66.6 to 20.0% in chilli and 70.0 to 23.3% in capsicum. Through this integrated approach, the viability of soil-borne pathogens can be minimized, thereby improving the overall plant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141149416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the predatory impacts of indigenous and adventive ladybeetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) using a functional response approach","authors":"Fateme Ranjbar, M. A. Jalali, Zahra Ahmadi, Xavier Pons, Alexandre Levi-Mourao, Todd Ugine","doi":"10.1007/s41348-024-00936-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00936-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141102418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Rhododendron thymifolium and its bioactivities against Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, and Ditylenchus destructor","authors":"Jun-Yu Liang, Ying-Ying Yang, Rui Feng, Xiao-Han Zhang, Xu-Dong Wang, Jun-Long Wang, Weipeng Kong, Ji Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s41348-024-00946-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00946-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}