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Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean最新文献

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Back Matter 回到问题
Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.14
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引用次数: 0
Epilogue 后记
Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.10
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":167474,"journal":{"name":"Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133050679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
King’s Men and the Stationary Bandit 国王的手下和固定的强盗
Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.7
Taco T. Terpstra
{"title":"King’s Men and the Stationary Bandit","authors":"Taco T. Terpstra","doi":"10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines mid-third-century BCE Syria-Palestine, an area ruled by the Ptolemies at the time. As in all Hellenistic states, the power structure of the Ptolemaic kingdom was strongly personalized. A small number of state actors surrounding the king were allowed access to agricultural surplus, making them influential men politically and economically. Moreover, the process by which the ruling elite negotiated power through conspicuous consumption, diplomatic tokens, and gift-giving drove the wheels of an expanding economy of long-distance trade in both luxury goods and agricultural staples. The chapter then considers the activities of a certain Zenon, who was an agent of the Ptolemaic finance minister Apollonios. By tracing the activities of these men, one can analyze how—as a public official—Apollonios managed the Ptolemaic overseas territory of Syria-Palestine. Ultimately, the Ptolemaic state that Apollonios served provided public goods, including a banking system and a public-order apparatus.","PeriodicalId":167474,"journal":{"name":"Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128141114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concluding Remarks 结束语
Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691172088.003.0007
Taco T. Terpstra
{"title":"Concluding Remarks","authors":"Taco T. Terpstra","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691172088.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691172088.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter assesses the impact of Roman imperial rule on the impetus toward innovation. Although the political and economic unification of the Mediterranean reduced transaction costs, it may also have reduced the drive toward innovation in both a technological and an institutional sense. As such, the chapter presents the idea that the politically unified Roman Mediterranean was unlikely to produce the accelerating pace of technological and institutional innovation seen in late-medieval and Early-Modern Europe. That notion would certainly need further study and demonstration. But however preliminary at present, it might help explain why only the fragmented world that emerged out of the ruins of the Roman Empire would eventually achieve the breakthrough progress that would bring the fruits of the Industrial Revolution.","PeriodicalId":167474,"journal":{"name":"Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131292464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INDEX 指数
Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.13
{"title":"INDEX","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":167474,"journal":{"name":"Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124344449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epilogue 后记
Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691172088.003.0006
Taco T. Terpstra
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Taco T. Terpstra","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691172088.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691172088.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This epilogue addresses the weakening of the Roman state. In the third century CE, the Roman Empire began having trouble maintaining its geographical integrity, a problem that would grow noticeably worse thereafter. The split between an eastern and western half in 395 CE was the most dramatic manifestation of that decreasing ability. After the empire split in two, especially the west in the course of the fifth century saw the abandonment of peripheral areas, although signs of declining state power appeared in the east as well. However, as the western half eventually disintegrated, the eastern half recovered. In the sixth century, it managed to extend its rule over parts of the west, including the Italian heartland. But even with this westward expansion—and even allowing for healthy economic activity in some eastern regions—as a military and economic organization, the Roman Empire was nothing like the mighty state it once had been. The chapter then considers the effects of the empire's disintegration on human welfare.","PeriodicalId":167474,"journal":{"name":"Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115831096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public Institutions and Phoenician Trade 公共机构与腓尼基贸易
Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.6
Taco T. Terpstra
{"title":"Public Institutions and Phoenician Trade","authors":"Taco T. Terpstra","doi":"10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the trade diaspora, an institution that was all but obligatory for regular, long-distance trade in the absence of third-party enforcement. Traders could do business in a foreign community because people from their homeland had moved there permanently and could vouch for them. If a promise to pay or deliver according to agreement was not fulfilled, foreign settlers could be held accountable for any debt of their fellow citizens. All members of a diaspora network—itinerant and stationary alike—ultimately faced expulsion if they behaved opportunistically. The chapter then focuses on a single diaspora: the Phoenician. Because of their centuries-long Mediterranean mercantile tradition, one can trace their interaction with public institutions through much of Greco-Roman history.","PeriodicalId":167474,"journal":{"name":"Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127960201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Civic Order and Contract Enforcement 公民秩序与契约执行
Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.8
Taco T. Terpstra
{"title":"Civic Order and Contract Enforcement","authors":"Taco T. Terpstra","doi":"10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at contract enforcement and transaction costs under the Roman Empire. The unification of the Mediterranean Basin by a single state ameliorated economic conditions in practical ways: monetary and metrological systems were standardized, removing costly barriers to trade. Legal rules were standardized as well, which held the potential for an even greater transaction-cost-reducing effect. However, without third-party enforcement, private means still had to be employed to enforce contracts. It is therefore not immediately clear why transacting parties would adopt the Roman legal system. The chapter then argues that contracts drawn up in accordance with imperial law and in the presence of witnesses were “publicly embedded,” which increased their enforceability and reduced enforcement costs. Indeed, this enforcement-enhancing effect was an “emergent property,” the result of legal, social, and ideological factors interacting in an undesigned and unintended fashion.","PeriodicalId":167474,"journal":{"name":"Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128059494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic Trust and Religious Violence 经济信任与宗教暴力
Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.9
Taco T. Terpstra
{"title":"Economic Trust and Religious Violence","authors":"Taco T. Terpstra","doi":"10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.cdb2hnsvw.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the changing world of the fourth century CE, a time of social ferment heightened by the Roman emperors' adoption of Christianity as a religion of state. Although this shift followed a turn toward forced religious centralization initiated by the emperors during the crisis of the third century, the choice for Christianity represented a momentous departure from Roman tradition. The intolerance and violence it engendered upset the equilibrium of Mediterranean diaspora trade, producing an institutional shock. Indeed, religion played a prominent role in how diaspora groups operated. Through the worship of their native gods, group members remained distinct from their hosts and connected to their place of origin, both necessary ingredients for successful intercommunity trade. Equally important, acts of religious devotion signaled commitment and loyalty to the group, encouraged collective action against defectors, and fostered economic trust and collaborative behavior. However, this complex system of socioeconomic interaction came under pressure when emperors began legislating against pagan cults.","PeriodicalId":167474,"journal":{"name":"Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117000725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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