Carla Panarello, A. Lombardo, G. Schembra, M. Meo, M. Mellia, M. Marsan
{"title":"Power management and TCP congestion control: Friends or foes?","authors":"Carla Panarello, A. Lombardo, G. Schembra, M. Meo, M. Mellia, M. Marsan","doi":"10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705401","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing the tradeoff between power saving and Quality of Service (QoS) in the current Internet is a challenging research objective, whose difficulty stems also from the dominant presence of TCP traffic, and its elastic nature. In a previous work we have shown that an intertwining exists between capacity scaling approaches and TCP congestion control. In this paper we investigate the reasons of such intertwining, and we evaluate how and how much the dynamics of the two algorithms affect each other's performance. More specifically, we will show that such an interaction is essentially due to the overlap of the two closed loop controls, with different time constants.","PeriodicalId":167454,"journal":{"name":"2013 22nd ITC Specialist Seminar on Energy Efficient and Green Networking (SSEEGN)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129738340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Schwartz, Marc Scheib, T. Hossfeld, P. Tran-Gia, J. M. Giménez-Guzmán
{"title":"Trade-offs for video-providers in LTE networks: Smartphone energy consumption vs wasted traffic","authors":"Christian Schwartz, Marc Scheib, T. Hossfeld, P. Tran-Gia, J. M. Giménez-Guzmán","doi":"10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705394","url":null,"abstract":"Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks provide broadband Internet access to mobile users. One of the main use cases for LTE is a mobile video. When selecting a video transmission mechanism, a video provider has to consider different and orthogonal metrics. The consumer expects a high video Quality of Experience (QoE) and a low energy consumption during download and playback. The video provider is interested in minimizing its resources and corresponding costs, like bandwidth and wasted traffic. Wasted traffic occurs if a user aborts and additional video data is already downloaded but not played out, consuming resources unnecessarily. This raises the questions 1) how a video provider delivers the video contents while reducing the operational costs and satisfying the customers demands 2) what is the influence of the customer abort behaviour. To answer these questions, we first study the influence of mechanism selection on energy consumption and wasted traffic. Second, we show that the different user models do not influence the wasted traffic significantly. Finally, we provide parameter selection guidelines for the Streaming mechanism, which are shown to satisfy better both the requirements of the video provider as well as those of the customer, to achieve Pareto optimal results with regard to the smartphone energy consumption and wasted traffic.","PeriodicalId":167454,"journal":{"name":"2013 22nd ITC Specialist Seminar on Energy Efficient and Green Networking (SSEEGN)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114098313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Izadpanah, K. Pawlikowski, F. Davoli, D. McNickle
{"title":"Evaluation of energy consumption and data access time in data fetching in grid-based data-intensive applications","authors":"S. Izadpanah, K. Pawlikowski, F. Davoli, D. McNickle","doi":"10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705400","url":null,"abstract":"Data-intensive applications that involve large amounts of data generation, processing and transmission, have been operated with little attention to energy efficiency. Issues such as management, movement and storage of huge volumes of data may lead to high energy consumption. Replication is a useful solution to decrease data access time and improve performance in these applications, but it may also lead to increase the energy spent in storage and data transmission, by spreading large volumes of data replicas around the network. Thus, utilizing effective strategies for energy saving in these applications is a very critical issue from both the environmental and economical aspects. In this paper, at first we review the current data replication and caching approaches and energy saving methods in the context of data replication. Then, we propose a model for energy consumption during data replication and, finally, we evaluate two schemes for data fetching based on the two critical metrics in Grid environments: energy consumption and data access time. We also compare the gains based on these metrics with the no-caching scenario by using simulation.","PeriodicalId":167454,"journal":{"name":"2013 22nd ITC Specialist Seminar on Energy Efficient and Green Networking (SSEEGN)","volume":"17 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129211426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance-energy trade-off in data centers: Impact of switching delay","authors":"Xiaohua Lu, S. Aalto, P. Lassila","doi":"10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705402","url":null,"abstract":"We develop simple queuing models for a single node in a server farm and analytically study the impact of switching delay on the performance-energy trade-off. The objective is to compare how an optimized static speed scaling scheme performs against two (gated and linear) optimized dynamic speed scaling schemes, where the processor can be switched off when it is idle but the penalty is the switching delay (time to wake up the processor from the off state). In the gated scheme, the processor speed is zero when the server is idle and constant otherwise, and in the linear scheme the processing speed scales linearly with the number of jobs. Our results demonstrate that the switching delay can have a considerable impact on the optimal trade-off. The linear scheme is always better than the gated scheme and, when the switching delays are long, even the static scheme can be better. In practice, the trade-off is affected highly by the parameters and our models allow an explicit evaluation of the trade-off.","PeriodicalId":167454,"journal":{"name":"2013 22nd ITC Specialist Seminar on Energy Efficient and Green Networking (SSEEGN)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116300712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QoE-based energy reduction by controlling the 3g cellular data traffic on the smartphone","authors":"Selim Ickin, K. Wac, M. Fiedler","doi":"10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705396","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most influencing factors on the overall end-user perceived quality from applications and services, i.e., QoE, running on the smartphones is their limited battery life. Particular cloud-based applications/services on the smartphone with a constrained battery life might consume high energy even when the smartphone is in screen-OFF state. The cellular radio module of the smartphone is one of the most power-consuming components, which depends on the running applications' information polling characteristics that eventually cause the radio module to toggle occasionally between the cellular data energy states even during a sleep state. In this paper, we investigate the energy consumption of a set of applications that tend to retain up-to-date information via aggressive polling patterns. We show that limiting the network traffic and increasing the resource utilization efficiency amongst the applications and services can highly reduce the total energy consumption. We control the network activity of a smartphone with different cellular data-enabled and data-disabled durations at the screen-OFF state. First, we run controlled-lab energy measurements to have a ground truth on the power consumption patterns of a set of cloud-based popular applications/services; and next we conduct a subjective study with our proposed solution (ExpCO2), to understand first the user behaviour on the smartphone and then present how the reduced polling intervals of applications and notifications influence the end-user perceived quality. We indicate that ExpCO2 has a potential to save energy.","PeriodicalId":167454,"journal":{"name":"2013 22nd ITC Specialist Seminar on Energy Efficient and Green Networking (SSEEGN)","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133070330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EESManager: Making greener cloud apps","authors":"Chutiwan Rakjit, William Liu, Jairo Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705399","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an in-depth study on a navigation application that has cloud-based and non-cloud-based versions running on the Android platform. We discovered that the cloud-based Osmand is more energy inefficient than the non-cloud-based Osmand. This is because the tail energy in 3G communications causes extra energy consumption for cloud-based Osmand. Thus, we have designed an Energy Efficient Scheduling Manager (EESManager), which benefits from its awareness of both tail energy and the complexity of the map. As the evaluation results show, cloud-based Osmand with EESManager can reduce overall energy consumption in case of a simple map between the source and destination points.","PeriodicalId":167454,"journal":{"name":"2013 22nd ITC Specialist Seminar on Energy Efficient and Green Networking (SSEEGN)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127687760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-power led dimming driver with multi-level current for smart street lighting system","authors":"Shih-Chang Hsia, Sheng-Yueh Lai, Jyun-Jia Ciou","doi":"10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705403","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a novel high-power LED (Light Emitting Diode) driver and its dimming control using chip-level design, which is applied for white LED driving in the street lighting system. For LED dimming, we propose the multi-level current approach rather than a pulse current. which can reduce noise radiation and prolong LED lifetime. The LED current can be directly controlled by a digital binary code, to adjust the LED luminance. The chip circuit included one reference, current mirrors, current switches, digital decoder, and power driver. The prototyping chip is designed using TSMC 0.25μm high-voltage technology, and the chip area with pads is only 0.54μm2. The maximum driving power is 60W as for 60V drop on LED through 1A current realized by a string of high-power LED devices. This chip is implemented with 16-step constant-current levels for LED dimming. The driving current and LED luminous flux is linearly changed in each step control from practical measurements.","PeriodicalId":167454,"journal":{"name":"2013 22nd ITC Specialist Seminar on Energy Efficient and Green Networking (SSEEGN)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114267893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz, Andrzej Sikora, P. Arabas, M. Kamola, K. Malinowski, P. Jaskóła, M. Marks
{"title":"Network-wide power management in computer networks","authors":"E. Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz, Andrzej Sikora, P. Arabas, M. Kamola, K. Malinowski, P. Jaskóła, M. Marks","doi":"10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705398","url":null,"abstract":"An important part of the modern computer networks design is to develop novel technologies, architectures and control mechanisms for network devices enabling power saving by adapting network capacities to current traffic loads and user demands. We describe centralize and hierarchical control frameworks for reducing power consumption in backbone computer networks. The implementation of these frameworks provides the local control mechanisms that are implemented in the network devices level and network-wide control strategies implemented in the central control level. In this paper, we focus on network-wide algorithms for calculating the power status of network devices and the energy-aware MPLS routing for recommended network configuration. We enumerate several possible formulations of a network energy saving optimization problem with continuous and discrete variables. We discuss the limitations of these approaches and problems with their application to power control in real networks. We propose the relaxation of the complete binary problem formulation assuming full routing and energy state of all devices calculation, and the algorithm to solve it. Our formulation is based on a heuristic approach that leads to a continuous optimization. The evaluation of the optimization scheme through simulation is presented in the final part of the paper.","PeriodicalId":167454,"journal":{"name":"2013 22nd ITC Specialist Seminar on Energy Efficient and Green Networking (SSEEGN)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114865743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small cells in UMTS Radio Access Networks: Implications on coverage and energy efficiency","authors":"Andreas Baumgartner, T. Bauschert","doi":"10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705397","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, several contributions to the subject of reducing the energy consumption in fixed and mobile networks have been proposed. In mobile networks, a promising approach is to shut down base stations in low traffic hours to save energy. In this work, we examine the implications of such base station shutdowns on the UMTS Radio Access Network (RAN) coverage by the example of a German urban city scenario. We first show that the indoor coverage is seriously affected by a macro base station shutdown. Afterwards, we investigate the option of a small cell overlay to sustain network coverage in case of macro base station shutdowns and derive a strategy to operate a heterogeneous UMTS RAN (consisting of small and macro cells) in an energy efficient way. In our example scenario, the dynamic control of a heterogeneous UMTS RAN can lead to energy savings of up to 7.5% compared to a static macro cell operation.","PeriodicalId":167454,"journal":{"name":"2013 22nd ITC Specialist Seminar on Energy Efficient and Green Networking (SSEEGN)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125778159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An energy saving approach for femtocell coverage function","authors":"A. Dudnikova, D. Panno","doi":"10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSEEGN.2013.6705395","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a self-optimization coverage function for LTE femtocells embedded in a macrocell area. In this approach each Femtocell Base Station continuously adapts the operation mode according to the traffic conditions in order to fulfill the following objectives: improve the overall system capacity, reduce co-channel interference between adjacent femtocells, improve energy efficiency of the overall system. The proposed algorithm is distributed without any signaling overhead compared to a centralized solution. In a low load scenario our power control scheme limits the number of simultaneously activated femtocells, achieving a significant power saving on the entire femtocell network. As the number of active users increases, each Femto Base Station adapts its transmit power, and thus the coverage, as a function of the traffic demand, aiming to offload more traffic from the macrocell. This results in an improved overall system capacity and a larger energy efficiency of the overall cellular network.","PeriodicalId":167454,"journal":{"name":"2013 22nd ITC Specialist Seminar on Energy Efficient and Green Networking (SSEEGN)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134422049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}