2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)最新文献

{"title":"An extension module to embed commercially sensitive antenna models in gprMax","authors":"C. Warren, A. Giannopoulos, N. Diamanti, P. Annan","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292623","url":null,"abstract":"Models of antennas have been included in numerical simulations of ground penetrating radar (GPR) intermittently over the past 20 years with varying degrees of realism. Those antenna models that have been published have been mainly of antennas used in academia or for research purposes, and not regularly used commercial antennas. This is, of course, understandable as GPR manufacturers have a great deal invested in their intellectual property (IP) and want to protect it. However, there is a desire to find a solution to this problem, namely, to enable models of commercial antennas to be used in simulations whilst safeguarding the IP of the manufacturer. We present a framework that allows manufacturers to build encrypted modules containing models of their antennas that can be used with 3D gprMax models. All the properties of the antenna model such as the geometry, materials, and excitation, remain completely invisible to the user. The antenna module communicates with the main finite-difference time-domain grid by exchanging only electric and magnetic field values at boundaries around a volume enclosing the antenna. The initial development of this framework has been in done in cooperation with Sensors & Software Inc. using an experimental dipole antenna model. The finalised toolset will offer the potential of a step change in the quality of data from numerical models of GPR systems.","PeriodicalId":167391,"journal":{"name":"2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124464290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An advanced numerical imaging procedure for GPR shallow surveys","authors":"D. Comite, A. Galli, I. Catapano, F. Soldovieri, E. Pettinelli","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292622","url":null,"abstract":"The advances achievable in terms of reconstruction capabilities offered by an ad-hoc imaging procedure capable of accounting for the actual radiation features of a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) have been analyzed in this paper. The study is carried out by using a full-wave simulator, capable to reproduce the characteristics of the antenna system as well as the signals used for the actual illumination. This numerical analysis enables us to obtain an accurate determination of both the incident and the backscattered electromagnetic fields in the investigated scenarios for the application to a microwave tomographic approach. It is thus possible to derive indications about the variations in terms of reconstruction capabilities that are expected when a directive antenna illuminates a shallow buried target, whose dimensions are comparable with the probing wavelength. Numerical examples for reference cases are presented and discussed in order to assess how imaging is affected by the antenna model used in the implementation of the tomographic approach.","PeriodicalId":167391,"journal":{"name":"2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117123796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground penetrating radar surveys on the ancient Dengfeng Guanxingtai observatory, China","authors":"R. Qian, Lanbo Liu","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292669","url":null,"abstract":"Ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted over the ancient Guanxingtai observatory in Dengfeng, Henan Province, China. Located in the Town of Gaocheng, 15 km southeast of Dengfeng City, Henan Province, the Guanxingtai Observatory is the earliest one of its kind so far extant in China, and is also one of the earliest buildings for astronomical observation in the world. It is a UNAVCO World Heritage Site, one of the Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in `the Center of Heaven and Earth'. In fact there is a building cluster around the Guanxingtai Observatory, built on a plot of 0.59 km2 and with a floor area of 657.41 square meters. GPR field campaigns were conducted in 2009 on the walls of the Guanxingtai Observatory with the 500-, and 900-MHz GSSI SIR-2 system. The GPR survey results show that the brick layers have dielectric constant ranging from 10.5-12, with a thickness of 0.57-0.6 m. There is possibly a refilled mortar layer behind the brick layer; strong diffractions are displayed in the radargrams for this layer.","PeriodicalId":167391,"journal":{"name":"2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127507535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPR combined with a positioning system to detect anti-personnel landmines","authors":"F. Podd, A. Peyton, D. Armitage","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292660","url":null,"abstract":"Landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW) are a serious problem in many countries around the world. In 2012, there were, on average, ten casualties per day globally [1]. Anti-Personnel (AP) landmines have been developed to have only a small amount of metal content, thus making them harder to find with metal detectors. Often there is less metal in a landmine than in “clutter” metallic objects, which are also found during the de-mining process. One reason landmine removal is a time-consuming task using the conventional metal detector is that it is not possible to classify the objects very accurately; consequently all positive signals must be investigated with equal caution. However, the dielectric material (e.g. main charge and plastic case) surrounding the metal detonator components generally occurs in landmines, and less so in clutter. Metal objects detected by a dual sensor without an associated detection of plastic objects can be ignored unless they are metal AP mines. One way to detect the plastic is to add a Ground Penetrating Radar system (GPR) to the conventional metal detector. Developments over the last decade combining GPR with traditional inductive metal detection have demonstrated the value of this approach [2]. GPR data is generally analysed by collating a series of reflection responses (A-Scans), collected over an evenly spaced series of positions in a single direction. This data set is termed a B-Scan. On conventional geotechnical GPR systems, a position encoder is attached to one of the wheels, in order to capture the data at regular intervals. Metal-detector type AP landmine detection systems are handheld devices without wheels, so some other way of detecting position needs to be found other than the operator's location. This paper describes an investigation into a positioning system for a handheld scanner. It describes how inertial measurements combined with a camera can determine the antenna position during the sensor sweep and how this information can be used to create the conventional B-Scan data sets. The paper compares the antenna-to-ground separation measurement extracted from both time and frequency domain GPR measurement systems to that given by an ultrasound distance sensor.","PeriodicalId":167391,"journal":{"name":"2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114915493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time, pseudo real-time and stroboscopic sampling in time-domain GPRs","authors":"D. Pasculli, G. Manacorda","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292687","url":null,"abstract":"GPR performance rapidly decreases with time propagation depending on soil characteristics, thus the dynamic range of the system plays a key role in subsurface visibility. Dynamic range mainly depends on Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) number of bits and receiver sampling efficiency, but it can be increased by averaging multiple traces (under the condition of uncorrelated external noise). Most time-domain GPRs use stroboscopic sampling to collect high bandwidth signals and this limits the averaging factor. Therefore, high-speed ADCs are very attractive for time-domain GPRs as they enable a large stacking factor. However, the low number of significant bits limits the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) or renders this advantage negligible. A further alternative is pseudo real-time sampling which combines fast ADCs with trace averaging; in this case, multiple samples are acquired from each radar trace by shifting the sampling trigger, and then re-assembled by a logic circuit.","PeriodicalId":167391,"journal":{"name":"2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122650936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive archaeology: The emblematic case of Ruvo di Puglia, Italy","authors":"M. Giannotta, L. De Giorgi, G. Leucci, R. Persico, L. Matera, Ada Riccardi","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292685","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the relevance of preventive archaeology is outlined with specific reference to the case history of Ruvo di Puglia, Italy, where the Municipality has put in charge the Institute for Archaeological and Monumental Heritage of a geophysical prospection in four areas where the same municipality had planned the construction of new structures. It will shown how the prospection has identified anomalies of possible relevant archaeological interest.","PeriodicalId":167391,"journal":{"name":"2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132020082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of a 2D microwave tomography algorithm applied to a differential configuration in GPR prospecting","authors":"R. Persico, I. Catapano, G. Gennarelli, G. Pochanin, F. Soldovieri","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292625","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution aims at assessing the imaging capabilities of a differential configuration for GPR prospecting. In particular, two receiving antennas are piled on each other at the same abscissa, and the transmitting antenna is at a fixed horizontal offset and at the intermediate height between the two receivers. The analysis is carried out with the aid of a microwave tomographic algorithm based on the Born approximation. The considered GPR configuration allows to reject the direct coupling between the antennas in air, but worsens the filtering properties of the relevant scattering operator.","PeriodicalId":167391,"journal":{"name":"2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130165281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THz pulse-echo imaging applied to cultural heritage","authors":"K. Fukunaga","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292703","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz (THz) imaging has recently become an emerging technique in heritage science research field. THz pulse-echo imaging is particularly useful for layer structure observation of non-metallic objects such as gesso preparation layers of tempera panel paintings, mortar layers of fresco paintings as well as glued multiple paper layers of Japanese panel screens.","PeriodicalId":167391,"journal":{"name":"2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124011539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPR pulse excitation of a shallow cylinder: On- and off-axis resonances caused by interference and modal mixing","authors":"S. Arcone, Jordan T. Bates","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292664","url":null,"abstract":"Cylinders simulate common forms of shallow unexploded ordnance. They provide resonances for detection, which we investigate experimentally with a broadband 2350 MHz-centered GPR pulse and short cylinders buried in sand and oriented parallel with the electric field. On-axis resonances from 700 to 5100 MHz result from interference between combinations of direct and reflected waves, and their additive and subtractive mixing with those caused by circumference and length. Off-axis they result from interference between primary and multiply-reflected head and subsurface waves. We verify the resonances with ray arguments. The model dimensions scale to common characteristics of ordnance when profiled at frequencies ten times lower. Off-axis detection translates to distances on the order of a few meters.","PeriodicalId":167391,"journal":{"name":"2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128641406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of conventional and non-conventional GPR systems in the Viking remains of Torget","authors":"L. Matera, M. Ciminale, E. Eide, J. Sala, R. Persico, Arne Anderson Stamnes","doi":"10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2015.7292631","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a geophysical survey conducted in the main square of Trondheim (Norway) are presented. Trondheim is one of the oldest major cities with urban settlement dating back to the Viking ages, and below the current square archaeological test excavations have revealed preserved cultural layers; the oldest from the 10th century. We carried out a geophysical survey in the South Eastern quadrant using three different GPR systems: a reconfigurable prototype stepped frequency GPR, a pulsed GSSI GPR system and a 3DRadar stepped frequency device. The selected area represents a natural test site. In fact, the main topic of our geophysical campaign was to recognize, in an urban context, the presence of known archaeological remains and to compare the performances of the prototype device with two traditional GPR devices. Comparable results have been achieved, as it will be shown.","PeriodicalId":167391,"journal":{"name":"2015 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132079615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}