Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effect of clay type and content on the mechanical properties of clayey silt hydrate sediments","authors":"Qiongqiong Tang ,&nbsp;Yuanbo Chen ,&nbsp;Rui Jia ,&nbsp;Wei Guo ,&nbsp;Weiqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Li ,&nbsp;Huicai Gao ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Knowledge of the mechanical properties of natural gas hydrate<span><span> reservoirs is fundamental to the safe and commercial extraction of natural gas hydrate. In our work, according to the characteristics of marine sediments<span> in the South China Sea, gas hydrate samples with matrices containing 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% </span></span>montmorillonite<span><span> or illite were prepared based on the saturated gas method. Under </span>effective confining pressures of 2, 3 and 4 MPa, drained </span></span></span>compression tests<span> were performed on the samples. The results show that the clay type and clay content affect the failure strength and deformation of clayey silt hydrate sediments. The presence of clay causes the clayey silt hydrate samples to exhibit strain hardening behavior accompanied by shear shrinkage, and the failure strength and stiffness decrease with increasing clay content, as does the internal friction angle. The strength, stiffness, and </span></span>Poisson's ratio<span> of samples containing illite are generally greater than those containing montmorillonite. In addition, due to the strong bound water between particles, the cohesion of hydrate samples containing montmorillonite with similar hydrate saturations is higher than that of samples containing illite, while the internal friction angle is lower. These results are valuable for production well siting assessment in clayey silt hydrate reservoir and provide requisite theoretical basis for wellbore safety design.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 111203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical, mineralogical and petrographical characteristics of the domanik formation from north samara region in the volga-ural basin, Russia: Implication for unconventional tight oil reservoir potential","authors":"Shadi A. Saeed ,&nbsp;Mohammed Hail Hakimi ,&nbsp;Ameen A. Al-Muntaser ,&nbsp;Aliia N. Khamieva ,&nbsp;Mikhail A. Varfolomeev ,&nbsp;Vladimir P. Morozov ,&nbsp;Aref Lashin ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Abdelaal ,&nbsp;Muneer A. Suwaid ,&nbsp;Khairul Azlan Mustapha ,&nbsp;Richard Djimasbe ,&nbsp;Rail I. Kadyrov ,&nbsp;Bulat I. Gareev ,&nbsp;Michael Kwofie","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>This paper comprehensively analyzes the geochemical, mineralogical and petrographical properties combined with bulk kinetics modeling of the Domanik organic-rich carbonate from various depth intervals in Kuzminovsky oilfield (well № 26 R), Volga-Ural Basin, Russia. The results show that, the Domanik carbonate-rich samples are characterized by high content of the total organic matter (TOC) up to 13.31 wt %, and contain mainly Type II kerogen with a slight II/III kerogen type, reaching very good to excellent oil generation potential. Moreover, the studied samples contain hydrogen-rich kerogen, which expected to generate paraffin, naphthene and aromatic (P–N-A) oil with low wax content as demonstrated by the Py-GC </span>Pyrolysis combined with the abundance of fluorescent </span>alginite, amorphous organic matter, and bituminite as established from investigations via microscope. The maturity indicators demonstrated that, most of the examined Domanik carbonate-rich samples, with a burial depth between 1726.5 m and 1784.9 m, have generally reached low </span>thermal maturity<span> stages; thus, defining an immature to moderate-mature of oil generation window. The results of the kinetic models suggested that, Domanik carbonate-rich rocks with </span></span>vitrinite reflectance<span><span><span> (VRo) values in the range of 0.60–0.71%, have reached relatively low kerogen transformation ratio in the range of 10–20%, indicating low probability oil generation. These finding are confirmed by the presence of low oil saturation index of less than 100 mg HC/g rock (19.64–69.97). In addition, the results of thin section, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed </span>tomography<span> (micro-CT) showed that the studied samples are characterized by low porosity (up to 3.29%) with a wide pores size range, including interparticle, cavities, cracks and organic matter pores. The development of these pore types and their quality in the studied samples is mainly controlled by high mineralogical brittleness<span> (i.e., carbonate and quartz) together with the high organic matter inputs. Therefore, according to the obtained results, characteristics and observations, the Domanik Formation has a high potential for commercial oil production, which typically requires hydraulic fracturing<span> followed by an in-situ retort, mainly by thermal methods such as steam injection and in </span></span></span></span>situ combustion process.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 111240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41763297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithology identification using principal component analysis and particle swarm optimization fuzzy decision tree","authors":"Quan Ren,&nbsp;Hongbing Zhang,&nbsp;Dailu Zhang,&nbsp;Xiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithology identification using geophysical log information is vital for log interpretation and reservoir evaluation<span><span>. As a result of the highly similar features for log curves that characterize complex lithology, there is significant information redundancy regarding the process of lithology identification. In addition, as a result of the highly nonlinear characteristics of log curves, the mapping relationship with lithology has certain ambiguities and uncertainties, which affect the lithology prediction results. Combining principal component analysis (PCA) and the fuzzy decision tree (FDT) model, we propose a new intelligent lithology identification method that is capable of effectively solving these problems well. However, because of the inaccuracy for empirically set parameters, an adaptive fuzzy decision tree algorithm based on </span>particle swarm optimization (PSO-FDT) was proposed after analyzing the main features of the fuzzy decision tree and using an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine the relevant parameters. Compared with the FDT algorithm which determines parameter values empirically, the performance of the PSO-FDT has been significantly improved. Finally, the proposed PSO-FDT model was verified using test data. Experiments confirm that the proposed model is more effective than other lithology identification models. The identification accuracy for all lithologies was equal to or greater than that of the other methods. In addition, the overall accuracy was improved by at least 9.71%.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 111233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43371929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic total variation pre-stack multitrace inversion based on Lp norm constraint","authors":"Lian Zhao ,&nbsp;Kai Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaotao Wen ,&nbsp;Yuqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Due to the instability of extracting elastic parameters from conventional elastic impedance variation with incident angle (EVA) pre-stack inversion and the fact that single-trace inversion does not consider the correlation between seismic traces and the lateral continuity of inversion results. An anisotropic total variation multitrace </span>inversion method based on the </span><span><math><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></math></span><span> norm constraint is proposed on the basis of EVA inversion. In this paper, the </span><span><math><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></math></span><span><span> norm is used as the regularization constraint, the longitudinal and transverse difference operators are introduced, and the alternating direction multiplier algorithm and the 2D </span>Sylvester equation<span><span> solver algorithm are used as inversion algorithms to achieve a multitrace inversion of the elastic parameters. The feasibility of the method proposed in this paper is verified by making full use of the advantages of both methods and conducting trial calculations on some blocks of the Marmousi2 model. The method was further validated by applying it to actual data from marine shales of the Longmaxi-Wufeng Formation in the southern Sichuan Basin. The inversion results were validated using a combination of brittleness indices and </span>microseismic monitoring to confirm the feasibility of the method in this paper.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 111212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46965289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sealing capacity evolution of gypsum salt caprocks under multi-cycle alternating stress during operations of underground gas storage","authors":"Xueying Lyu ,&nbsp;Liang Yun ,&nbsp;Jiangen Xu ,&nbsp;Han Liu ,&nbsp;Xinan Yu ,&nbsp;Ping Peng ,&nbsp;Mukun Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yu Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Caprock sealing ability is one of the key geological factors to ensure the stable and safe operation of the underground gas storage<span> (UGS). Gypsum salt rock<span> is the high-quality caprock for oil and gas reservoirs, however, the effect of cyclic stress on its sealing capacity is still unclear, which restricts the construction progress of this kind of UGS. Therefore, taking the H UGS in the Sichuan Basin in China as an example, this paper analyzes the initial sealing capacity of gypsum salt caprock using cast thin section, conventional physical property test, nuclear magnetic resonance and breakthrough pressure tests. On this basis, study the variation characteristics of physical and mechanical parameters of gypsum salt caprock under cyclic stress using cyclic stress loading and unloading experiment, and then analyze the evolution law of its sealing capacity. The results show that gypsum salt caprocks of H UGS can be used as a good tight caprock with the porosity less than 1.0%, permeability less than 0.005 mD, breakthrough pressure greater than 6.0 MPa and triaxial </span></span></span>compressive strength greater than 210 MPa. In addition, the physical properties of gypsum salt caprock become worse and the sealing capacity increases under cyclic stress, and physical and mechanical changes of gypsum salt caprock mainly occur in the first 30 cycles accounting for about 75%. Moreover, with the increase of cycles, the </span>Poisson's ratio<span> increases by 88% while the change range of elastic modulus is only 6.4%, indicating that gypsum salt caprocks mainly expands laterally and still maintain good elasticity. However, when the cycle times reach a certain threshold of 1002, the cumulative plastic strain of gypsum salt rock will become larger and larger until fracture. And the gypsum salt caprocks can be effective cover in the 184 cycles of loading and unloading with the maximum pressure threshold of 18 MPa and minimum pressure threshold of 1 MPa. This research results can provide theoretical guidance for cap rock stability analysis and operation parameter design of gas reservoir.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 111244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49902768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of solids particle diversion to promote uniform growth of multiple hydraulic fractures","authors":"Bo Luo ,&nbsp;George K. Wong ,&nbsp;Jianchun Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Fu ,&nbsp;Guanyi Lu ,&nbsp;Andrew P. Bunger","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Solid particulate additives are sometimes used to promote the uniform growth of multiple hydraulic fractures in horizontal oil and gas wells. The principle is that solid particulates block, accumulate, and form larger porous plugging zones preferentially at entrances of fracture taking in the most fluid volume. These porous zones<span><span> create fluid flow resistance or additional pressure loss; thereby, inhibiting the growth of these dominant fractures and diverting fluid to suppressed fractures. While this technology is promising, governing design parameters and ramifications of placing solids </span>diverters<span> inside the fracture remain unclear. This paper models the propagation of multi-fractures with diverter pressure losses induced by the porous plugging zones. The resulting non-linear hydraulic fracturing problem is solved numerically with an Implicit Level Set Algorithm (ILSA) for each time step and the mechanisms of diversion are illustrated by comparing and contrasting cases with and without particle diverter. In both cases, during the fluid ramp-up period (pumping rate gradually increases from 0 to fracturing rate (</span></span></span><span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></mrow></math></span><span><span>)), the injection can be equally distributed among fractures before the stress interference affects the fluid allocation (Phase I). Then, stress interference starts to partition more fluid into outer fractures and suppress the growth of the middle fracture (Phase II). Once the perforation friction loss is sufficient to counteract the stress interaction, injection begins to shift to the middle fracture, but still gives a significantly non-uniform fracture growth (Phase III). At this point, solid diverter particles are introduced, leading to three additional phases of growth. Phase IV introduces solid diverters to the treatment at a reduced pumping rate. Particles bridge, accumulate and create porous plugging zones at the flow entrance. A higher pressure drop in outer fractures diverts </span>injection fluids to the middle fracture. Phase V resumes the treatment rate to </span><span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Q</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></mrow></math></span><span> without diverter. The increased pump rate in turn increases the pressure drop in outer fractures and diverts more fluids to the middle fracture. This results in a rapid extension velocity for the middle fracture, enabling it to have the chance to catch up with the longer outer fractures (in Phase VI). This process is controlled by the interplay among stress interference, perforation friction loss, and diverting pressure drop. These simulations demonstrate that a model-based optimization could improve the effectiveness of the diverter technology and promote a uniform multi-fracture growth.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 111159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42980251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manifestations of surfactant-polymer flooding for successful field applications in carbonates under harsh conditions: A comprehensive review","authors":"Anas M. Hassan ,&nbsp;Emad W. Al-Shalabi ,&nbsp;Waleed Alameri ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ,&nbsp;Shirish Patil ,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111243","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Most oil fields today are mature, and the majority of the reservoirs in the Middle East are carbonate rocks&lt;span&gt; characterized by high temperature high salinity&lt;span&gt; (HTHS), heterogeneous mineral composition, and natural fractures&lt;span&gt;. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are used for boosting oil recovery from the aged reservoirs beyond primary and secondary recovery stages. Nevertheless, it can be a challenging task to employ EOR techniques in these aged &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;carbonate reservoirs&lt;span&gt;. This is because carbonate reservoirs have mixed-to-oil-wet wettability&lt;span&gt; with temperatures exceeding 85 °C and salinity of over 100,000 ppm, which renders secondary EOR-methods such as waterflooding ineffective. Therefore, even though carbonate reservoirs contain 60–65% of world's remaining oil, with immense intrinsic economic prospects, the oil recovery process from carbonate reservoirs remains a considerable challenge. Chemical-EOR (cEOR) techniques, like SP based cEOR, have shown marked promise in improved oil recovery, mainly from clastic reservoirs with medium temperature and salinity, unlike carbonate reservoirs. During SP-floodings, the surfactants get adsorbed due to the mineral composition of the carbonate rocks, and polymer degradation&lt;span&gt; occurs due to HTHS conditions. Consequently, new surfactants and polymers have been structurally conformed and tested to improve their robustness and related recovery efficacy. For instance, Guerbet alkoxy-carboxylate surfactants demonstrated good stability at temperatures over 100 °C and salinities up-to 275,000 ppm, yielding tertiary recovery of 94.5% and low adsorption of 0.086 mg/g of rock. The cationic Gemini surfactants, zwitterionic or amphoteric class of surfactants are also suitable for HTHS carbonates. Besides, effective biosurfactants sourced from plant such as, soy, corn, etc., are non-toxic and readily biodegradable. The hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) and its modified nanocomposite&lt;span&gt; derivative can act as replacement surfactants, due to their wettability altering and robust characteristics. Novel polymers viz., NVP-based, novel smart thermoviscosifying polymers (TVP), soft microgel&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, and sulfonated polymers, are also relevant to HTHS carbonate applications. Xanthan gum, scleroglucan, and schizophyllan &lt;/span&gt;biopolymers have been noted to resist HTHS and low permeability conditions, requiring lower concentration and having low adsorption. Recent surfactant-polymer (SP) formulations also can be applicable for HTHS carbonates with excellent ternary recoveries (93.6%) and minimal retention (0.083 μg/g of rock). Such low retention values suggest low surfactants cost with minimal environmental impact. Moreover, several successful field applications in carbonates were conducted in preceding years; however, the performance of some novel surfactants under HTHS carbonates is yet to be fully understood. Hence, this comprehensive revie","PeriodicalId":16717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 111243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45255203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the integration gap—simultaneous optimization of well placement, well trajectory, and facility layout","authors":"Kassem Ghorayeb ,&nbsp;Hussein Hayek ,&nbsp;Ahmad Harb ,&nbsp;Haytham M. Dbouk ,&nbsp;Tarek Naous ,&nbsp;Anthony Ayoub ,&nbsp;Richard Torrens ,&nbsp;Owen Wells","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present an integrated field development planning framework that bridges the integration gap through concurrently optimizing well placement, well trajectory, and facility layout. The novel algorithms implemented in the proposed framework break organizational silos between the reservoir, wells, and facility domains and provide reservoir engineers<span>, drilling engineers, facility engineers, and economists with a shared planning platform. The presented solution is modular, flexible, and allows for multiple layers of granularity and, hence, a spectrum of solutions with different trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency needed as the field development plan is refined through its history. Multiple scenarios and example cases are presented illustrating the features of the integrated optimization framework and their applicability in different potential onshore and offshore oil and gas field development projects.</span></p><p>A novel machine learning based optimization algorithm for well trajectory design is presented and achieves significant improvements in computational time compared to traditional optimization approaches. Using a machine learning model to design a well trajectory was three orders of magnitude faster than the differential evolution algorithm which, in turn, was the fastest among the different optimization algorithms that we have tested. The proposed machine learning model drastically reduced the CPU requirements of the integrated solution and enabled the modeling of complex cases of hundreds of wells and associated facility building blocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 111222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42070035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hematite and Micromax-based cement systems for high- density well cementing","authors":"Abdulmalek Ahmed,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdelaal,&nbsp;Salaheldin Elkatatny","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Weighting materials such as hematite are used to increase the density of </span>cement slurries for different applications. Density variation (DV) across the </span>cement column<span><span> due to heavy particles sedimentation is a critical problem that results in disruption in hardened cement properties such as porosity and strength. In this work, two heavy-weight cement systems using Micromax and hematite were evaluated in terms of rheological properties, fluid loss, compressive and tensile strength, petrophysical properties and dynamic elastic properties. This study especially focused on the sedimentation problem associated with using hematite as a weighting material in well cementing. Different advanced techniques such as </span>scanning electron microscope (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and computerized </span></span>tomography (CT) scan were used to investigate the potentiality of using Micromax to solve this problem. NMR, and CT-scan confirmed the results of the conventional method of DV that showed that the Micromax-weighted cement is more homogeneous with only 1.4% DV vertically along the samples. The Micromax-based system had lower porosity and permeability as compared to the hematite-based system. The Micromax-based cement was more flexible than the hematite-based system in terms of the elastic properties. Both cement systems showed a very similar performance regarding rheological and fluid loss properties. Micromax proved its potentiality to minimize the sedimentation problem encountered while maintaining the other recommended cement characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 111125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49161437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated geochemical and statistical evaluation of the source rock potential in the deep-water, Western Basin of Ghana","authors":"Rabiatu Abubakar ,&nbsp;Kofi Adomako-Ansah ,&nbsp;Solomon Adjei Marfo ,&nbsp;Clifford Fenyi ,&nbsp;Judith Ampomah Owusu","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Ghana is recognised as one of the recent oil and gas producing countries in the Gulf of Guinea, West Africa. However, despite the significant hydrocarbon accumulation in the Western Basin of Ghana, not much is known about the current potential of source rocks in this Basin. To broaden the scope of current knowledge on the Western Basin of Ghana, this paper identifies the current formation potential, organic matter origin, </span>thermal maturity<span>, and possible ages within the Cretaceous Period for </span></span>hydrocarbon generation<span> in the basin, using geochemical techniques and statistical analyses of 1530 cuttings and core samples. The geochemical parameters include pyrolysis data such as free hydrocarbon (S</span></span>₁), hydrocarbon generated (S₂), carbon dioxide released (S₃), hydrogen index (HI), production index (PI), maximum temperature (T_max<span><span><span>), oxygen index (OI) and total organic carbon<span><span> (TOC). The formations encountered in the Western Basin, which have various ages within the Cretaceous Period , show a good to very good possibility of producing hydrocarbon with mainly kerogen type II/III and some amount of type I in certain formations. The majority of the Cretaceous ages fall in the early mature to peak maturity zone, with </span>Campanian and </span></span>Santonian<span><span> considered as additional hydrocarbon sources to the Albian, </span>Cenomanian, and </span></span>Turonian<span>. Pearson coefficient showed that TOC has a strong positive correlation with S</span></span>₂, positive correlation with S₁ and HI, and negative correlation with T_max. Two-Step and K-means clustering on the studied samples show that TOC, S₂, and S₃ are the major parameters for source rock potential prediction. Factor analysis gave three factors affecting source rock evaluation. Factor 1 highlights TOC, S_1, and S₂ as the parameters for identifying the quantity and quality of organic matter. This is confirmed by factor 2, which identifies HI and OI as the determining variables. Factor 3 identifies PI and T_max as indicators of the thermal maturity of the source rock.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 111164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41245153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}