{"title":"Click-once hypertext: now you see it, now you don't","authors":"F. Douglis, Sonia Jain, J. Klensin, M. Rabinovich","doi":"10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941875","url":null,"abstract":"SMASH (Self-Modifying As-Selected Hypertext) is a system for automatically removing text from a Web page as hyperlinks are selected. Making links (and, optionally, other related text) click-once allows a system to avoid clutter and provide visual feedback to a user. Unlike other typical adaptive hypertext systems, SMASH generates pages specially on the originating server but allows the browser to update the content automatically and efficiently. We discuss several trade-offs in the design of the system and a transparent and portable implementation using JavaScript.","PeriodicalId":166987,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The Second IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications. WIAPP 2001","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121114267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jagadeeswaran Rajendiran, J. Patwardhan, V. Abhijit, R. Lakhotia, Amin Vahdat
{"title":"Exploring the benefits of a continuous consistency model for wireless Web portals","authors":"Jagadeeswaran Rajendiran, J. Patwardhan, V. Abhijit, R. Lakhotia, Amin Vahdat","doi":"10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941871","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless devices currently provide real time access to personalized information such as headlines, email, stock quotes, and online auctions. Retrieving all updates to such rapidly changing information is wasteful of both network bandwidth and battery power. Existing consistency models for such services allow for only coarse grained timeouts on how often information should be retrieved. The authors argue for the benefits of a continuous consistency model for user access to Internet portal services. Using this model, users are able to specify the maximum error in their view of the data. For instance, users may specify that they wish to receive an updated stock quote only if the user's view diverges from the actual value by more than 3%. Services may also use application-specific semantics to control data consistency, e.g., new bids carry more weight as the auction draws to a close. We use a simulator to model the bandwidth and energy benefits available from a more flexible consistency model. Such benefits depend upon the rate at which underlying data values change. To capture representative distributions, we use a trace based study of updates to weather, news, and stock quotes from a popular portal to determine representative distribution ranges. Our initial results indicate bandwidth and energy savings that increase as users are willing to tolerate larger bounds on data accuracy.","PeriodicalId":166987,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The Second IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications. WIAPP 2001","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126028236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Content distribution architecture using network layer anycast","authors":"G. Agarwal, R. Shah, J. Walrand","doi":"10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941879","url":null,"abstract":"Server replication is a common technique for distributing content efficiently and in a scalable manner to many clients. Directing clients to the \"best\" of these content-equivalent servers is a non-trivial problem. As a solution, we propose CDAA (Content Distribution Architecture using Anycast) that uses replicated servers and leverages the idea of anycast, supported at the network layer, to direct clients. CDAA assigns the same anycast address to content-equivalent servers and tracks the load on each of them. This information is used to direct clients in the network to the \"best\" server, improving user satisfaction by reducing the response time seen by the clients. CDAA is scalable, incrementally deployable and transparent to existing network applications and protocols. These objectives are achieved with minimal bandwidth overhead and computing requirements. Though the DNS (Domain Name System) and client software require some modifications, the routers and servers remain unchanged. We also present simulation results that demonstrate the efficacy of our architecture.","PeriodicalId":166987,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The Second IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications. WIAPP 2001","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122990198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scalable and self-organizing (meta) data dissemination for ubiquitous computing","authors":"Amin Vahdat","doi":"10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941874","url":null,"abstract":"One of the promises of ubiquitous computing is the ability to tie heterogeneous computing elements together in a manner where the whole is larger than the sum of the individual parts. Thus, Internet services, file servers (PCs), personal digital assistants, sensors and embedded computers (in appliances ranging from light switches to automobiles) interact with one another based on application requirements and proximity. One key challenge to coordinating computers in the above manner is the scalable dissemination of service data and meta-data to a potentially large population of clients. We discuss a number of examples. The common thread running through all these applications is the need for disseminating data in a scalable fashion among potentially millions of nodes spread across the Internet. We next present Dicast, a communication model designed to support scalable dissemination for a range of applications and semantics. We then discuss a number of research issues associated with realizing this model.","PeriodicalId":166987,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The Second IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications. WIAPP 2001","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114395492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel W. Engels, Joseph Timothy Foley, J. Waldrop, Sanjay E. Sarma, David L. Brock
{"title":"The networked physical world: an automated identification architecture","authors":"Daniel W. Engels, Joseph Timothy Foley, J. Waldrop, Sanjay E. Sarma, David L. Brock","doi":"10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941872","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed an open and scalable network-oriented architecture that integrates the physical world with the virtual world and admits the efficient storage and retrieval of data and information. The architecture works with existing and future network and Automated Identification (Auto-ID) technologies and requires the use of Globally Unique IDentifiers (GUIDes). An Auto-ID tag affixed to a physical object stores the GUIDe for that object. Networked tag readers wirelessly communicate with the Auto-ID tags, thereby connecting the physical objects to the network. An object's GUIDe acts as a pointer to storage locations for data and information about that object, operating in a similar manner to pointers in programming languages. Given a GUIDe, the Object Name Service (ONS), a facility similar to the Domain Name Service (DNS), is queried to identify these storage locations on the local network and over the Internet. Storing an object's data and information in a standardized XML-based language such as PML allows the use of Internet friendly query languages such as XQL and Quilt and enables the automated storage and retrieval of data and information at remote locations. Our architecture efficiently networks the physical world, allowing effective and truly automated information search, information retrieval, and functionality.","PeriodicalId":166987,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The Second IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications. WIAPP 2001","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129595870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using performance maps to understand the behavior of Web caching policies","authors":"C. Murta, Virgílio A. F. Almeida","doi":"10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941869","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important differences between traditional caching and Web caching is the high variability of the size of Web objects. As a consequence of that variability, we use two metrics to assess performance of Web caching replacement policies: hit ratio (HR) and byte hit ratio (BHR). The paper presents an analytical model relating these two performance metrics. We show that the relation between hit ratio and byte hit ratio is a function of the mean size of the Web cache server responses and of the mean size of the hit responses. Based on the analytical relationship, we introduce the concept of performance map for a given workload. Performance maps are useful tools for designing and comparing the performance of different replacement policies that deal with objects of variable size, such as the Web caches. Performance maps are applied to some actual workloads that have been used as de-facto standards for comparing the performance of Web caching management algorithms.","PeriodicalId":166987,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The Second IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications. WIAPP 2001","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122125409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new TWIST on mobile computing: Two-Way Interactive Session Transfer","authors":"T. Phan, R. Guy, J. Gu, R. Bagrodia","doi":"10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941864","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitous use of computer resources for daily productivity is a goal that presently remains unrealised. We believe that the convergence of desktop and mobile applications into a seamless computing experience will provide a strong motivation for future \"anytime, anywhere computing\". The authors describe this convergence as the capability to perform the handoff of application sessions across heterogeneous platforms using the network as a conduit. In addition to discussing the architecture and protocols to facilitate this capability, the authors also provide a taxonomy for describing a variety of different session handoff schemes. In particular, they have identified an important Two-Way Interactive Session Transfer (TWIST) behaviour for communication between heterogeneous clients and servers. To demonstrate the concepts, they have implemented the handoff capability with TWIST semantics into a real-world application that serves as a teaching tool for radiology clinicians. From experimental data, the authors show that the handoff mechanism incurs little delay to transfer larger data-laden sessions.","PeriodicalId":166987,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The Second IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications. WIAPP 2001","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123879412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Directions in ubiquitous computing: a position statement","authors":"O. Omojokun, P. Dewan","doi":"10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941873","url":null,"abstract":"One of the visions of ubiquitous computing is the ability to use arbitrary interactive devices such as cell phones and handheld computers to interact with arbitrary remote networked appliances such as TVs, printers, and EKG machines. There are many potential practical benefits of controlling a network appliance using a remote user interface on a mobile computer rather than directly using the native, physical user interface offered by it. Users can control appliances from arbitrary locations, for instance, people on vacation can set their home water sprinklers. Moreover, an interactive mobile device can be used as a true universal control, accessing arbitrary devices such as TVs, thermostats, and light switches. Furthermore, a mobile device can offer user interfaces that are more sophisticated than the physical user interfaces offered by the appliances directly. For instance, it can offer a single command to shut off all lights in a building. User interface generation is a promising research direction in ubiquitous computing because it allows a mobile device to interact with an arbitrary appliance without incurring the problems of downloading and classifying user interface code. On the other hand, the generation approach offers limited presentation styles. We believe this is not a serious drawback, for three reasons which are outlined.","PeriodicalId":166987,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The Second IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications. WIAPP 2001","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BuddyCache: cache coherence for transactional peer group applications","authors":"Magnus, Bjomsson, L. Shrira","doi":"10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941870","url":null,"abstract":"Universal network access has enabled a new class of distributed applications that allow collaborating peers to share cached data. Until now these applications had basic limitations: sharing was limited to read-only access, networks were limited to local area networks, and there was no support for fine-grained sharing or transactions. BuddyCache is a caching system for peer applications that provides updates to shared data from remote repositories. BuddyCache is the first system to provide transactional fine-grain coherence in high-latency networks. It provides consistent, low-latency access to shared objects cached by peers when consistency management requires coordination with remote repositories over high-latency wide-area networks.","PeriodicalId":166987,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The Second IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications. WIAPP 2001","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121290519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Web&: an architecture for non-interactive Web","authors":"S. Phatak, V. Esakki, B. R. Badrinath, L. Iftode","doi":"10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIAPP.2001.941877","url":null,"abstract":"The profile of Web use has changed from information access to e-commerce. The current interactive (synchronous) model is time-consuming. Web browsing can become frustrating if the network or servers incur delays or are not accessible, or if the same interaction must be repeated many times. It is even more painful for clients who are disconnected most of the time or are accessing the Web via low-bandwidth connections and resource-constrained devices. Therefore, there is a need to support non-interactive (asynchronous) transactions between clients and servers on the Web. Such a model is more efficient because: (i) there is reduced sensitivity to network latencies/unavailability, (ii) Web activities can be performed concurrently, and (iii) client mobility can be easily supported. We propose a novel non-interactive service architecture for the Web, called \"Web&\". The architecture incorporates server and service discovery, support for disconnected and heterogeneous clients, Web transactions via a uniform server interface and a persistent client state. We present a prototype, implemented using Java, XML and JDBC, which consists of client proxies that can store the client state and perform Web queries on a client's behalf, and server proxies that provide a uniform XML-based interface to Web servers. A directory service provides a schema server and service discovery. Even on a single-processor Sun workstation with 512 MB, we can support 25,000 tasks with a peak throughput of 150 tasks/sec. Two applications (IsItLate for flight tracking and IsItThere for package tracking) are currently being run.","PeriodicalId":166987,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The Second IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications. WIAPP 2001","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116380012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}