Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Review of Risk Factors and Complications of Anterior Migration of Ozurdex Implant: Lessons Learnt from the Previous Reports.","authors":"Hui Gim Khor, Pooi Wah Lott, Azida Juana Wan Ab Kadir, Sujaya Singh, Tajunisah Iqbal","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0012","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Ozurdex had shown promising anatomical and functional outcomes in managing refractory Irvine-Gass syndrome over the years. Burgeoning usage of Ozurdex has prompted the study of its related complications, particularly the anterior chamber migration of the implant. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Literature reviews on the anterior chamber migration of the Ozurdex via PubMed, EBSCO, and TRIP databases were searched from 2012 to 2020. The predisposing factors, outcomes, and management of such cases were evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 54 articles consisting of 105 cases of anterior migration of Ozurdex were included in this analysis. The vitrectomized eye and compromised posterior capsule were highly associated with this complication. About 81.9% of the cases had cornea edema upon presentation, with 31.4% of them ending up with cornea decompensation despite intervention. Although there was high intraocular pressure reported initially in 22 cases, only 2 cases required glaucoma filtration surgeries in which they had preexisting glaucoma. Numerous techniques of repositioning or surgical removal of the implant were described but they were challenging and the outcomes varied. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> A noninvasive method of manipulating the Ozurdex into the vitreous cavity via the \"Trendelenburg position, external pressure with head positioning\" maneuvers is safe yet achieves a favorable outcome. Precaution must be taken whenever offering Ozurdex to the high-risk eyes. Prompt repositioning or removal of the implant is crucial to deter cornea decompensation. Clinical Trial Registration number: NMRR-22-02092-S9X (from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health, Malaysia).</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"342-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10552017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Diquafosol Sodium Ophthalmic Solution on Tear Film Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 and Corneal Nerve Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Dry Eye.","authors":"Guanghao Qin, Jiayan Chen, Liangzhe Li, Yifan Qi, Yimeng Chen, Qing Zhang, Yi Wu, Yue You, Lanting Yang, Naici Guo, Salissou Moutari, Shaochong Bu, Jonathan E Moore, Ling Xu, Wei He, Sile Yu, Xingru He, Emmanuel Eric Pazo","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0098","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Diabetes mellitus has been associated with increased dry eye disease (DED) and exacerbates DED's pathology. This preliminary short-term study aimed to evaluate the effects of 3% Diquafosol Sodium ophthalmic solution (DQS) on ocular surface inflammation and corneal nerve density in diabetic dry eye (DDE) patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this perspective, participants used 1 drop of 3% DQS (Diquas; Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) 6 times daily for 8 weeks. Non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), tear film lipid layer (TFLL), conjunctival hyperemia [redness score (RS)], corneoconjunctival staining (CFS), corneal sensitivity (CS), Meibomian gland quality (MGQ) and Meibomian gland expressibility (MGEx), corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), and Standard Patient Evaluation Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire were assessed at baseline, at weeks 4, and up to 8 weeks. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) of tear samples was measured at baseline and weeks 8. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean age was 61.27 ± 11.68 years. At baseline NITBUT = 5.89 ± 2.81 s, tear meniscus height = 0.17 ± 0.05 mm, TFLL = 2.74 ± 0.51, CFS = 4.35 ± 0.68, CS = 53.83 ± 9.63 mm, MMP-9 = 49.10 ± 10.42 ng/mL, RS = 1.65 ± 0.44, MGEx = 1.85 ± 0.72, MGQ = 2.65 ± 0.50, CNFD = 20.36 ± 8.20 no./mm², and SPEED = 12.62 ± 3.91. At week 4, significant improvements were found in all parameters except RS (1.59 ± 0.46, <i>P</i> = 0.172) and CNFD (21.46 ± 8.41, <i>P</i> = 0.163). Finally, at week 8, all parameters had significant improvements. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Preliminary short-term findings suggest that treatment of DDE patients with DQS was found to be safe and efficacious in improving dry eye parameters. In addition, inflammatory marker and corneal nerve density were significantly improved. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05193331).</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"370-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138805296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of HDAC1 and 3 in the Presence of Systemic Inflammation Reduces Retinal Degeneration in a Model of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Shahid Husain, Elisabeth Obert, Sudha Singh, Gloriane Schnabolk","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0163","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Previously, we identified increased retinal degeneration and cytokine response in a mouse model of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the presence of systemic inflammation from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate cytokine production by reducing acetylation and are found to be dysregulated in inflammatory diseases, including RA and AMD. Therefore, this current study investigates the effect of HDAC inhibition on AMD progression in the presence of systemic inflammation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in C57BL6J mice, followed by sodium iodate (NaIO₃)-induced retinal degeneration. Mice were treated with a selective HDAC class I inhibitor, MS-275, and retinal structure [optical coherence tomography (OCT)], function (electroretinography), and molecular changes quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR, Western Blot) were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> NaIO₃ retinal damage was diminished in CIA mice treated with MS-275 (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). While no significant difference was observed in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) function, a trend in increased c-wave amplitude was detected in CIA + NaIO₃ mice treated with MS-275. Finally, we identified decreased <i>Hdac1</i>, <i>Hdac3</i>, and <i>Cxcl9</i> expression in CIA + NaIO₃ mouse RPE/choroid when treated with MS-275 (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our data demonstrate that HDAC inhibition can reduce the additive effect of NaIO₃-induced retinal degeneration in the presence of systemic inflammation by CIA as measured by OCT analysis. In addition, HDAC inhibition in CIA + NaIO₃ treated mice resulted in reduced cytokine production. These findings are highly innovative and provide additional support to the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors for dry AMD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"397-406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Experimental Corneal Neovascularization by the Tight Junction Protein ZO-1.","authors":"Qingying Yao, Hongya Wu, Hang Ren, Jiufa Cao, Ying Shao, Gaoqin Liu, Peirong Lu","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0162","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To explore the effects of the tight junction protein zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) on experimental corneal neovascularization (CNV). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> CNV models were established in the left eyes of BALB/c mice using NaOH. Anti-ZO-1 neutralizing antibody was topically applied to the burnt corneas after modeling thrice a day for 1 week. CD31 expression was analyzed to calculate the ratio of CNV number to area using a corneal whole-mount fluorescent immunohistochemical assay. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of ZO-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), phosphorylated protein kinase C (pPKC), and clusterin in burned corneas were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses. Infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and progenitor cells was examined by flow cytometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> CNV was obviously greater in 45 s than in 15 s alkali injury group. In another experiment, CNV was obviously greater in the ZO-1 antibody group than in the vehicle-treated group. Corneal mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, and MCP-1 were significantly higher in the ZO-1 antibody group than in the control group. Infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and progenitor cells was significantly greater in the ZO-1 antibody group than in the control group. TNF-α expression was much higher in 45 s than in 15 s alkali injury group. However, protein expression of pPKC and clusterin was much lower in 45 s than in 15 s alkali injury group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Anti-ZO-1 neutralizing antibody-treated mice exhibited enhanced alkali-induced CNV through enhanced intracorneal infiltration of progenitor and inflammatory cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"40 6","pages":"379-388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eyes on New Product Development.","authors":"Gary D Novack","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0054","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.0054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"259-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Complexities of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Comprehensive Ophthalmic and Systemic Perspective.","authors":"Piergiorgio Neri, Yanny Perez, Aniruddha Agarwal, Francesco Pichi","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0037","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The editorial explores the profound implications of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which emerged in December 2019 and rapidly evolved into a global health crisis. Despite initial focus on respiratory symptoms, the virus revealed significant ocular implications, prompting a reevaluation of the eye's role in its transmission, diagnosis, and systemic effects. The paradoxical nature of SARS-CoV-2-simultaneously novel and familiar within the coronavirus family-has been central to guiding the global medical response, including the swift development of vaccines. The pandemic has intensified research into the eye's susceptibility to viral infections, enhancing our understanding of virus-host interactions and the systemic impacts of viral diseases. The editorial delves into the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting its potential to trigger autoinflammatory and autoimmune reactions with significant ocular repercussions. It examines the rapid vaccine development and deployment, the associated ocular side effects, and the ongoing research necessary to mitigate these outcomes. As the World Health Organization declared the end of COVID-19 as a public health emergency, the focus has shifted toward understanding the virus's long-term implications, including its effects on ocular health. This work underscores the critical role of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing the systemic impacts of viral infections. It emphasizes the importance of ophthalmology in the broader context of public health and highlights the need for continued vigilance, research, and adaptation in a postpandemic world. The editorial calls for an integrated approach to health care, emphasizing the lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to prepare for future health challenges, with a particular focus on the intersection of virology, immunology, and ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"253-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AG-920 (Articaine) Ophthalmic Solution: A Masked, Active-Controlled Evaluation of Its Local Anesthetic Efficacy and Safety in Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Victor H Gonzalez, Martin Uram, Audrey Schupp, Michelle Widmann, Gary D Novack","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0187","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The safety and efficacy of a novel topical ocular anesthetic (AG-920 sterile ophthalmic solution, 8%) was previously evaluated in adults. For both clinical and regulatory purposes, this new agent was evaluated in children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a Phase 3, randomized, active-controlled, single-masked, parallel-group design study in healthy pediatric subjects performed at a private practice retina clinic in the United States. The safety and anesthetic efficacy of AG-920 was compared with proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.5% in 60 children undergoing ophthalmic examinations. The primary efficacy endpoint was whether the investigator was able to perform the eye examination. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In all subjects in each treatment group, the investigator was able to perform the eye examination without additional local anesthetic. There were no adverse events reported in this study. In both the study eye and fellow eye, there were no notable changes after dosing, and both treatment groups were similar. All external eye exams in all subjects in both treatment groups were normal. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In this pediatric population aged 7 months to >11 years, AG-920 was therapeutically equivalent to marketed proparacaine with respect to having an ophthalmic examination performed without needing additional local anesthetic. Further, AG-920 was well tolerated, and there were no clinically significant safety findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"293-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmaceutical Emulsions: A Viable Approach for Ocular Drug Delivery.","authors":"Amol Chhatrapati Bisen, Saurabh Srivastava, Anjali Mishra, Sachin Nashik Sanap, Arpon Biswas, Abhijit Deb Choudhury, Ayush Dubey, Neeraj Mohan Gupta, Karan Singh Yadav, Madhav Nilakanth Mugale, Rabi Sankar Bhatta","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0166","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"261-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood-Derived Eye Drops for the Treatment of Corneal Neuropathic Pain.","authors":"Ansa Anam, Chang Liu, Louis Tong, Yu-Chi Liu","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0155","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood-derived preparations, including autologous or allogenic serum, umbilical cord serum/plasma, and platelet-rich plasma eye drops, contain various growth factors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins that resemble natural tears. These components play important roles in corneal cell migration, proliferation, and wound healing. Blood-derived eye drops have demonstrated clinical effectiveness across a spectrum of ocular surface conditions, encompassing dry eye disease, Sjögren's syndrome, graft-versus-host disease, and neuropathic corneal pain (NCP). Currently, management of NCP remains challenging. The emergence of blood-derived eye drops represents a promising therapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss the benefits and limitations of different blood-derived eye drops, their mechanisms of action, and treatment efficacy in patients with NCP. Several studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of autologous serum eye drops in relieving pain and pain-like symptoms, such as allodynia and photoallodynia. Corneal nerve parameters were also significantly improved, as evidenced by increased nerve fiber density, length, nerve reflectivity, and tortuosity, as well as a decreased occurrence of beading and neuromas after the treatment. The extent of nerve regeneration correlated with improvement in patient-reported photoallodynia. Cord plasma eye drops also show potential for symptom alleviation and corneal nerve regeneration. Future directions for clinical practice and research involve standardizing preparation protocols, establishing treatment guidelines, elucidating underlying mechanisms, conducting long-term clinical trials, and implementing cost-effective measures such as scaling up manufacturing. With ongoing advancements, blood-derived eye drops hold promise as a valuable therapeutic option for patients suffering from NCP.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"281-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Novel, Subconjunctival, Sustained-Release Mitomycin C Formulation in a Rabbit Model of Filtration Surgery with Gel Stent Implantation.","authors":"Susan S Lee, Saumya Nagar, Lakshmi Rajagopalan, Werhner Orilla, Karl G Csaky, Alexandra Almazan, Liuqing Yang, Michael R Robinson","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0100","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To investigate gel stent implantation with and without intraoperative sustained-release mitomycin C (MMC SR) in a rabbit model for gel stent implantation, and to examine aqueous humor outflow (AHO) postimplantation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Four groups of rabbits were included. Group 1 was untreated (control). Groups 2, 3, and 4 received the gel stent without MMC, with MMC solution (subconjunctival injection), and with MMC SR (subconjunctival injection), respectively. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and AHO were assessed via tonometry and indocyanine green-based angiography, respectively. The main efficacy measure was change in IOP from baseline. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Following gel stent implantation, Groups 2, 3, and 4 maintained ≥20% IOP reduction (response) for a median duration of 1 week, 6.5 weeks, and 30 weeks, respectively. Angiography showed normal aqueous humor drainage (Group 1) beginning at the perilimbal trabecular plexus and continuing posteriorly to episcleral outflow vessels. Following implantation, drainage occurred preferentially and directly into the subconjunctival bleb. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Gel stent implantation with MMC SR was most effective in achieving sustained, long-term IOP reduction in the rabbit model, compared with implantation with or without MMC solution. Bleb presence and the postimplantation aqueous angiography results indicated redirection of the AHO to the subconjunctival vasculature and presumed lymphatics, suggesting efficient glaucoma filtration to lower IOP in this model. This rabbit model and aqueous angiography may help refine understanding of the mechanism of action of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries and ultimately translate to improved surgical devices and procedures for patients with glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"297-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11296147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}