S. Aggarwal, S. K. Tomar, A. Aggarwal, S. K. Sharma
{"title":"Trends in power control during soft handoff in downlink direction of 3G WCDMA cellular networks","authors":"S. Aggarwal, S. K. Tomar, A. Aggarwal, S. K. Sharma","doi":"10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449889","url":null,"abstract":"Power control and soft handoff are the two essential techniques for effectively increasing the spectrum efficiency in a CDMA based system. Soft handoff (SHO) handles the mobility of mobile terminals while power control aims at minimizing the total interference in a CDMA system. During SHO power control procedure is more complicated since at least two base stations are involved. Soft handoff and power control exhibit a close relationship in CDMA based systems. This paper presents an overview and critical analysis of published work in power control during soft handoff in the downlink direction of 3G WCDMA cellular networks and discusses current trends therein.","PeriodicalId":166718,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125547385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PLDP: Possible Location Deployment Protocol for energy harvesting in WSNs","authors":"A. Bindal, A. Mangla, D. Prasad, R. B. Patel","doi":"10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449884","url":null,"abstract":"The forwarding node placement problem in a wireless sensor network is concerned with deploying a minimum number of forwarding nodes (FNs) in a set of candidate locations in the network to satisfy a specific requirement(s), such as connectivity or survivability. The placement of FNs should be energy harvesting aware, because the more energy the placed nodes can harvest the more effective the network will be. In this paper we have presented a Possible Location Deployment Protocol (PLDP) for WSNs. PDLP, which provides survivability and connectivity throughout the network life. In PLDP, the amount of energy calculated and the decision is taken in the real time by FNs.","PeriodicalId":166718,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing","volume":"946 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116437638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Competent routing protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"R. S. Bhadoria, D. G. Chandra","doi":"10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449787","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consist of spatially distributed sensor to monitor physical or environmental conditions and cooperatively pass their data to a central location. Such networks become importance due to its potential to transform many segments of our life from ecological monitoring and maintenance to computerization in traffic surveillance and healthcare commerce. The design, implementation and operation of a sensor network requires the assemblage of various disciplines including embedded systems, hardware, networking, information management and distributed algorithms. Most applications of WSNs require deployment in unattended remote locations. Therefore, power awareness is fundamental to data dissemination and routing in a WSN. In this paper, we focus on consumption of power by each node.","PeriodicalId":166718,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128643444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An energy balanced distributed clustering and routing algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"P. Kuila, P. K. Jana","doi":"10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449821","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most challenging and critical problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to reduce energy consumption to prolong network life. Clustering is a popular topology control method for routing data through multi-hop communication. It can improve life time of a WSN as well as its scalability. In this paper, we present a distributed clustering and routing algorithm for WSN called CEBCRA (Cost-based Energy Balanced Clustering and Routing Algorithm). The algorithm comprises of three phases, namely cluster head selection, cluster setup and data routing. The CHs are selected in distributed manner based on residual energy and the neighbour cardinality. In the setup phase, each non-CH sensor node joins a CH within its communication range based on the cost value of the CHs. In data routing phase, CEBCRA first uses single hop communication within each cluster and then perform multi-hop communication between the clusters. For inter-cluster routing, a CH measures the cost of each path from itself towards base station while selecting other CH as a relay node for data forwarding on those paths. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in terms of energy consumption and number of live sensor nodes. The results are compared with two existing techniques to show the efficacy of the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":166718,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126913494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-sensor image fusion based on moment calculation","authors":"S. Pramanik, D. Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449862","url":null,"abstract":"An image fusion method based on salient features is proposed in this paper. In this work, we have concentrated on salient features of the image for fusion in order to preserve all relevant information contained in the input images and tried to enhance the contrast in fused image and also suppressed noise to a maximum extent. In our system, first we have applied a mask on two input images in order to conserve the high frequency information along with some low frequency information and stifle noise to a maximum extent. Thereafter, for identification of salience features from sources images, a local moment is computed in the neighborhood of a coefficient. Finally, a decision map is generated based on local moment in order to get the fused image. To verify our proposed algorithm, we have tested it on 120 sensor image pairs collected from Manchester University UK database. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide superior fused image in terms of several quantitative fusion evaluation index.","PeriodicalId":166718,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130616735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"User authentication in Social Networking Sites using face recognition","authors":"Prabujeet Kaur, Aruni Singh","doi":"10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449920","url":null,"abstract":"Now-a-days Social Networking Sites (SNS) are increasingly gaining its importance to share thoughts, views, culture, status, image, video etc. in various domains such as academics, religion, politics, research and development. Apart of these strengths of SNS it has one major disadvantage which is inefficient authentication of user login. Due to this various types of fake message, personal or national threats, non-social activities, vulgar and harassing figures and videos etc. are posted by some imposters or non social personals. To the best of our knowledge there is no any technique reported in the literature to solve this very big social problem. To defeat this attack we have prepared our own SNS with embedding of face recognition technique at the time of registration of login in the site. Four holistic based algorithms PCA, LDA, ICA and SVM are used for evaluation and found very promising results ranges 79.77% ~ 93.10% at various protocols.","PeriodicalId":166718,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124308920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computing optimum number of CCTV cameras for real-time traffic signal control system","authors":"Pankaj Gupta, G. Purohit","doi":"10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449826","url":null,"abstract":"Real time traffic light control system can be implemented through the use of CCTV cameras. These cameras will be used to input the traffic load on the junction. The main object is to adjust, in real times, signal timings in response to variation in traffic demand and system capacity. Now, the problem arises if it is mandatory to install the CCTV cameras at every node or junction or the system can be adapted to follow the modified approach wherein, the optimum number of nodes will be computed where the CCTVs can be installed and using the collected data and the information from these nodes, information can be generated for the nodes also where CCTVs have not been installed. So the system will be cost-effective and still the benefits of the system can be gained. Weighted graph for the traffic network in an urban city has been developed. As a case study on some part of Jaipur city in GIS environment of ArcView using Avenue scripting has been considered. The study has been carried out to determine the different ways of installing the CCTV cameras: · Full installation: The CCTV cameras are to be installed at every junction. The total number of intersection points in the graph model would provide the required output. · Partial installation: The points of CCTV cameras will be selected according to different heuristics. · Optimum Installation: The optimum number ofCCTV cameras to control the whole network are computed. To make the installation cost-effective, an optimum number of CCTVs is calculated for installing CCTV at some junctions. Some of the junctions will work without CCTV, however, using the collected data and information from these junctions, where CCTVs are installed, information can be generated for the junctions, where CCTVs are not provided.","PeriodicalId":166718,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126457589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metrics improvement of MANET using reactive protocols approach","authors":"Puneet Dadral, R. Vohra, R. Sawhney","doi":"10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449794","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a collection of wireless nodes that dynamically create a wireless network among themselves without any infrastructure. Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the simulation of MANET reactive routing protocols that are Ad Hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and temporally ordered routing algorithm (TORA) for Guru Nanak Dev University Campus environment using the High Resolution Video Conferencing application. Comparative analysis has been carried out based on the results obtained by simulations with OFDM (802.11a) and Extended Rate PHY (802.11g) physical characteristics in OPNET Modeler version 14.5. Parameters used are Throughput, End to End delay, Routing load and Media Access Delay.","PeriodicalId":166718,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing","volume":"612 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115825231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed soft fault detection algorithm in wireless sensor networks using statistical test","authors":"M. Panda, P. M. Khilar","doi":"10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449816","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSN) continue to get tremendous popularity because of the increasing number of applications. Some times few sensor nodes are unable to send the correct data to the fusion center or to the neighbour node. Since the network is unaware of the faulty status of the node, so the performance degrades more. The data received from the faulty node can treat as outliers. So that a statistical test can be used to identify the outliers data send by the faulty sensor node. In this paper a neighbouring coordination based self detectable distributed fault detection algorithm and statistical Z-test is proposed. The proposed distributed algorithm is implemented in NS3 and the performance is evaluated in terms of false alarm rate (FAR) and detection accuracy (DA). The results are compared with existing algorithm and shows that the proposed approach gives better performance than the existing algorithms.","PeriodicalId":166718,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127067994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel embedded approach for the development of wireless electro-oculogram based human-computer interface","authors":"P. Swami, R. Singh, T. Gandhi, S. Anand","doi":"10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC.2012.6449827","url":null,"abstract":"Human-computer interfacing plays an imperative role for the development of assistive technology. In this paper, we present a simple yet novel system that utilizes electro- oculogram signals for interactive innovation. The system intends to provide rehabilitation to the people with severe disability, especially individuals suffering from various neural disorders. In addition, the wireless transmission module makes the system robust for the real time implementation. The pilot experimental study demonstrates its potential applications in not only clinics but also in real-time prosthesis control.","PeriodicalId":166718,"journal":{"name":"2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127073488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}