Scientia Africana最新文献_第10页

Application of hidden Markov model in yam yield forecasting 隐马尔可夫模型在山药产量预测中的应用

Scientia Africana Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4314/sa.v21i2.5

L. Adamu, S. D. Yakubu, Edith Ndidiamaka Didigwu, A. Abubakar, Khadeejah James Audu, Isaac Adaji

{"title":"Application of hidden Markov model in yam yield forecasting","authors":"L. Adamu, S. D. Yakubu, Edith Ndidiamaka Didigwu, A. Abubakar, Khadeejah James Audu, Isaac Adaji","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Providing the government and farmers with reliable and dependable information about crop yields before each growing season begins is the thrust of this research. A four-state stochastic model was formulated using the principle of Markov, each state of the model has three possible observations. The model is designed to make a forecast of yam yield in the next and subsequent growing seasons given the yam yield in the present growing season. The parameters of the model were estimated from the yam yield data of Niger state, Nigeria for the period of sixteen years (2001-2016). After which, the model was trained using Baum-Welch algorithm to attend maximum likelihood. A short time validity test conduct on the model showed good performance. Both the validity test and the future forecast shows prevalence of High yam yield, this attest to the reality on the ground, that Niger State is one of the largest producers of yam in Nigeria. The general performance of the model, showed that it is reliable therefore, the results from the model could serve as a guide to the yam farmers and the government to plan strategies for high yam production in the region.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121414962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of mercury-treated soil on germination and growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) 汞处理土壤对番木瓜发芽和生长的影响

Scientia Africana Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4314/sa.v21i2.15

F. Igiebor, R. Ehiarinmwian, J. Okojie, O. S. Osadebamwen

引用次数: 0

Methanol leaf extract of Simarouba glauca induced dyslipidemia-linked cardiovascular disease indicators and its effect on antioxidant proteins 青光眼甲醇叶提取物诱导血脂异常相关心血管疾病指标及其对抗氧化蛋白的影响

Scientia Africana Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4314/sa.v21i2.11

S. Osagie-Eweka, N. Orhue, E. Omogbai, E. G. Moke

{"title":"Methanol leaf extract of Simarouba glauca induced dyslipidemia-linked cardiovascular disease indicators and its effect on antioxidant proteins","authors":"S. Osagie-Eweka, N. Orhue, E. Omogbai, E. G. Moke","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study focused on the effect of methanol leaf extract of Simarouba glauca (MESG) on lipoproteins cholesterols and oxidative stress biomarkers in male Wistar rat. Toxicological inquest of MESG was evaluated as prescribed in the guidelines of organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD), No. 425. A total of twenty-four male Wistar rats were used; divided into four groups of six rats each, including the control. Test rats were given MESG 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight respectively, daily for thirty (30) days. At the end of the study, the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed and biochemical indicators were evaluated. Results showed marked increase (p ˂ 0.05) in Total Cholesterol at MESG 2000 mg/kg; a reduction and increase (p ˂ 0.05) in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triglycerides respectively, at all doses; an increase (p ˂ 0.05) in Low- Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol at MESG 2000 mg/kg. Additional data indicated no changes (p ˃ 0.05) in Malondialdehyde levels; liver Catalase was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) expressed at MESG 500 and 2000 mg/kg, kidney CAT was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) expressed at all doses. The liver Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) expressed at MESG 1000 and 2000 mg/kg; the kidney and heart SOD were also significantly (P ˂ 0.05) expressed at MESG 500 and 2000 mg/kg respectively. The plasma GSH-PX was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) expressed at MESG 1000 mg/kg; while the liver and heart GSH-PX were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) expressed and repressed at 500 mg/kg respectively. Conclusively, MESG elicited obvious dyslipidemia; accompanied by marked alterations in selected endogenous oxidative stress biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114156205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The study of multidrug resistant bacteria from locally produced tiger nut drinks (Kunuaya) sold in Minna, Niger State 尼日尔州明纳当地生产的虎坚果饮料(Kunuaya)中多重耐药细菌的研究

Scientia Africana Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4314/sa.v21i2.9

U. Oyedum, J. Agbala

{"title":"The study of multidrug resistant bacteria from locally produced tiger nut drinks (Kunuaya) sold in Minna, Niger State","authors":"U. Oyedum, J. Agbala","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The predominance of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria among the populace, edible foods and drinks is fast becoming the major concern in most communities. Three (3) locally prepared drinks from three locations were aseptically collected and transported to the Microbiology Laboratory of Federal University of Technology, Minna. Samples were serially diluted and were inoculated on various media through the spread plate method. The bacterial isolates were identified based on their Gram reaction and other biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out for the bacterial isolates using the disc diffusion method on Muller hinton agar. The result revealed that out of all the locally prepared drinks sampled tiger-nut drink (Kunuaya) (3.9 x103) from Federal University of Technology, Minna, Bosso campus had the highest microbial count. Various bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp having the highest frequency of occurrence (25%).The antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that all bacterial isolates were Multidrug resistant and as such are a great threat to the health of the general public especially the regular consumers of these locally prepared drinks. Hence, there is a need for adequate and continuous surveillance by food regulatory bodies in Nigeria, to curtail the spread and infections associated with Multidrug resistant bacteria.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129178836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of the variances or similarities in petrographic and sedimentological properties of the sediment samples of two rivers, by determination of the transportation history and depositional environment of the river sands 通过确定河流砂的运输历史和沉积环境，确定两条河流沉积物样品的岩石学和沉积学性质的差异或相似性

Scientia Africana Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4314/sa.v21i2.16

E.G. Maju-Oyovwikowhe, V. Sunday

{"title":"Determination of the variances or similarities in petrographic and sedimentological properties of the sediment samples of two rivers, by determination of the transportation history and depositional environment of the river sands","authors":"E.G. Maju-Oyovwikowhe, V. Sunday","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"The sediment of the Rivers Ero and Adogo in Geregu, Ajaokuta, was studied to determine any variances or similarities in petrographic and sedimentological properties. The sediment samples had particle size parameters estimated, with mean values ranging from 0.45 to 0.94 (River Ero) and 0.15 to 0.67 (River Adogo), indicating that the sediment samples are all coarse grained. The sediment samples' standard deviations vary from 0.9 to 1.2 (River Ero) and 0.92 to 1.57 (River Adogo), indicating moderate to poor sorting. The sediment samples' estimated skewness ranges from -0.09 to -0.12 (River Ero) and -0.01 to -0.16 (River Adogo), showing coarse to strongly coarse skewed sediments that were deposited in a high energy environment. The sediment samples have computed kurtosis ranging from 0.63 to 1.01 (River Ero) and 0.65 to 1.06 (River Adogo), indicating platykurtic to Mesokurtic. The sediment samples from the Rivers Ero and Adogo all fall within the river sand field of Sahu 1964, according to bivariate statistics of skewness vs standard deviation. The depositional environment of the sediment samples was characterised using a linear discriminant function, which revealed that the sediment of River Ero is predominantly beach, shallow agitated marine, and shallow marine, whereas the sediment of River Adogo is entirely beach, shallow agitated marine, and shallow marine. The sediment samples are composed of >94 percent quartz and are most likely sourced from the cratonic interior, according to petrographic data.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121555886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Significance of leaf (midrib and lamina) characters in the identification of Terminalia l. (Combretaceae) 叶片(中脉和叶片)特征在菊科终属植物鉴别中的意义

Scientia Africana Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4314/sa.v21i2.4

C. Ekeke, J. Agogbua

引用次数: 1

Attenuating potential of aluminum sulphate (alum) on testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in male Wistar rats 硫酸铝(明矾)对丙酸睾酮诱导的雄性Wistar大鼠良性前列腺增生的抑制作用

Scientia Africana Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4314/sa.v21i2.1

B. Onyegeme-Okerenta, A. O. ThankGod, F. Anacletus

{"title":"Attenuating potential of aluminum sulphate (alum) on testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in male Wistar rats","authors":"B. Onyegeme-Okerenta, A. O. ThankGod, F. Anacletus","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of aluminum sulphate (alum) on Testosterone propionate (TP)-induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in male Wistar rats was studied. Eighty mature male Wistar rats, with an average weight of 210g, were randomly distributed into eight groups comprising ten rats. Group 1 received only food and water, while Groups 2, and 4 to 8 were given 3 mg/kg b.w of TP subcutaneously and Group 3 received only 25 % alum solution for 28 days. Thereafter, Groups 4 to 8 were treated with 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 40% alum solution respectively while group 2 remained untreated for another 28 days. The animals were fed with standard rat chow and clean water ad libitum. Sperm morphology and characteristics were observed and measured. A variety of haematological and biochemical markers were assessed. Histopathology of the testes was examined. The volume (0.10 ± 0.00 ml) viability (68.33 ± 4.41 %), activity (41.25 ± 1.25 %), and sperm count (36.67 ± 3.33 ×106) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in group 2 when compared with the respective values obtained in group 1. Treatment with different concentrations of Alum solution significantly (p<0.05) reversed abnormal sperm features observed in group 2. Superoxide dismutase (0.90 ± 0.01 U/L) was significantly increased (p<0.05) in group 2, but the values were restored to normal after treatment with varying concentrations of Alum solutions. Photomicrographs of the testis of group 2 rats revealed a distorted testis, however, there was a significant recovery after treatment which suggested that treatment with Alum reduces TP-induced BPH.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127660984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of hepatitis B among patients in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, (Mouau) Clinic and Madonna Catholic Hospital Umuahia, Abia State Michael Okpara农业大学(Mouau)诊所和Madonna Catholic Hospital Umuahia, abbia州患者中乙型肝炎的患病率

Scientia Africana Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4314/sa.v21i2.12

I. Nwankwo, K. Edward, G. Chukwuma, C. Udensi, M.C. Ofia

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B among patients in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, (Mouau) Clinic and Madonna Catholic Hospital Umuahia, Abia State","authors":"I. Nwankwo, K. Edward, G. Chukwuma, C. Udensi, M.C. Ofia","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B among patients in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, (MOUAU) clinic and Madonna Catholic Hospital Umuahia, Abia State. Blood samples were collected aseptically using a sterile syringe and needle. About 2-5ml of blood was collected from each patient and conveyed in ice packs to Microbiology Laboratory for pre-vaccination tests. On-the-spot testing for HBsAg was conducted using Smart Check HBsAg (Globalemed, Cape Town, South Africa) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This study revealed that about 46.5% of the study participants were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, while the prevalence of age distribution of Hepatitis B surface antigen among male and female patients revealed that the rate of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen was highest in patients between the age 16-34 years at a percentage prevalence of 19(55.9%). This study also revealed that Hepatitis B virus prevalence rates were the most prevalent among female patients with a positive percentage value of 47.7%.The prevalence rate of HBsAg was higher in the 16-34 age group than in the other age groups tested. This high prevalence rate calls for more awareness on effective HBsAg immunization program in Nigeria. The importance of vaccination in the fight against hepatitis B cannot be overstated, emphasizing the necessity for universal immunization of all people in the study's age group and the creation of measures to prevent mother-to-child transmission. As a result, it is advised that adolescents born before the hepatitis B vaccine era in Nigeria receive public health education and vaccination against the infection.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128106324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preliminary mineralogical and geotechnical characterization of kaolin from Abeokuta area, southwestern Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部Abeokuta地区高岭土的初步矿物学和岩土学特征

Scientia Africana Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4314/sa.v21i2.10

O. Olisa, O. M. Ajibade, O. Ogunjinrin, M. Ayodele, D.O. Bamgboye

引用次数: 0

Comparative studies of acetylated and carboxymethylated starches obtained from red cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) and white cocoyam (Colocasia antiquorum) 红椰和白椰乙酰化和羧甲基化淀粉的比较研究

Scientia Africana Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4314/sa.v21i2.17

A. Ibikunle, S. Yussuf, R. Bamidele, N. Sanyaolu, S. Ogundare

{"title":"Comparative studies of acetylated and carboxymethylated starches obtained from red cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) and white cocoyam (Colocasia antiquorum)","authors":"A. Ibikunle, S. Yussuf, R. Bamidele, N. Sanyaolu, S. Ogundare","doi":"10.4314/sa.v21i2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in biopolymer is on the rise due to the non-biodegradability of synthetic polymers. Starches obtained from red cocoyam and white cocoyam were subjected to chemical modifications through acetylation using acetic anhydride and carboxymethylation using monochloroacetic acid in the presence of sodium hydroxide followed by determination of their physicochemical and functional properties. The proximate analysis showed that moisture, protein and fat contents reduced following the modification. Moisture content falls within the permissible limit with white cocoyam starch (WCS) having the least in both native and modified starches. Carboxymethylated starches had higher fat and ash content than acetylated starches while acetylated starches had higher protein content. In addition, swelling power, solubility, oil and water absorption capacities increased following modification. Pasting temperature and peak time reduced following modifications, with carboxymethylation having slight reduction. There was a significant difference in the peak, rough, breakdown, final and setback viscosities of native and modified cocoyam starches. The viscosities increased following acetylation but decreased following carboxymethylation. Viscosities of the acetylated red cocoyam were higher than that of acetylated white cocoyam starches. FTIR studies revealed the introduction of new functional groups in the modified starches, with the bands of the - C=O shifting to a higher and -OH to a lower value. Chemical modification improved the physicochemical properties of the starches studied. The physicochemical properties of the native and modified red cocoyam starch make it a better binder than white cocoyam.","PeriodicalId":166410,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Africana","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131010315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0